
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 10 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(/
(fma
(* (* a a) -0.5625)
(* (/ c (* b b)) (/ (* c c) (* b b)))
(fma
(* -0.375 (* c c))
(/ a (* b b))
(fma
-0.5
c
(*
(/ -0.16666666666666666 a)
(* (pow b -6.0) (* (pow (* c a) 4.0) 6.328125))))))
b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return fma(((a * a) * -0.5625), ((c / (b * b)) * ((c * c) / (b * b))), fma((-0.375 * (c * c)), (a / (b * b)), fma(-0.5, c, ((-0.16666666666666666 / a) * (pow(b, -6.0) * (pow((c * a), 4.0) * 6.328125)))))) / b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(a * a) * -0.5625), Float64(Float64(c / Float64(b * b)) * Float64(Float64(c * c) / Float64(b * b))), fma(Float64(-0.375 * Float64(c * c)), Float64(a / Float64(b * b)), fma(-0.5, c, Float64(Float64(-0.16666666666666666 / a) * Float64((b ^ -6.0) * Float64((Float64(c * a) ^ 4.0) * 6.328125)))))) / b) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5625), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.375 * N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.5 * c + N[(N[(-0.16666666666666666 / a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[b, -6.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * 6.328125), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375 \cdot \left(c \cdot c\right), \frac{a}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, c, \frac{-0.16666666666666666}{a} \cdot \left({b}^{-6} \cdot \left({\left(c \cdot a\right)}^{4} \cdot 6.328125\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 18.1%
Taylor expanded in b around inf
Applied rewrites97.8%
Applied rewrites97.8%
Applied rewrites97.8%
Applied rewrites97.8%
Final simplification97.8%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(/
(fma
(* (* a a) -0.5625)
(* (/ c (* b b)) (/ (* c c) (* b b)))
(*
(fma
(fma
(/ -0.375 b)
(/ a b)
(/ (* (* (* (pow a 3.0) c) c) -1.0546875) (pow b 6.0)))
c
-0.5)
c))
b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return fma(((a * a) * -0.5625), ((c / (b * b)) * ((c * c) / (b * b))), (fma(fma((-0.375 / b), (a / b), ((((pow(a, 3.0) * c) * c) * -1.0546875) / pow(b, 6.0))), c, -0.5) * c)) / b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(a * a) * -0.5625), Float64(Float64(c / Float64(b * b)) * Float64(Float64(c * c) / Float64(b * b))), Float64(fma(fma(Float64(-0.375 / b), Float64(a / b), Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64((a ^ 3.0) * c) * c) * -1.0546875) / (b ^ 6.0))), c, -0.5) * c)) / b) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5625), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(N[(-0.375 / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Power[a, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision] * -1.0546875), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * c + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, \frac{\left(\left({a}^{3} \cdot c\right) \cdot c\right) \cdot -1.0546875}{{b}^{6}}\right), c, -0.5\right) \cdot c\right)}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 18.1%
Taylor expanded in b around inf
Applied rewrites97.8%
Applied rewrites97.8%
Taylor expanded in c around 0
Applied rewrites97.8%
Final simplification97.8%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (fma (* (* a a) -0.5625) (* (/ c (* b b)) (/ (* c c) (* b b))) (fma (* -0.375 a) (* (/ c b) (/ c b)) (* -0.5 c))) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return fma(((a * a) * -0.5625), ((c / (b * b)) * ((c * c) / (b * b))), fma((-0.375 * a), ((c / b) * (c / b)), (-0.5 * c))) / b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(a * a) * -0.5625), Float64(Float64(c / Float64(b * b)) * Float64(Float64(c * c) / Float64(b * b))), fma(Float64(-0.375 * a), Float64(Float64(c / b) * Float64(c / b)), Float64(-0.5 * c))) / b) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5625), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.375 * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.5 * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375 \cdot a, \frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{c}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 18.1%
Taylor expanded in b around inf
Applied rewrites97.8%
Applied rewrites97.8%
Taylor expanded in b around inf
Applied rewrites96.9%
Final simplification96.9%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (fma (* (* a a) -0.5625) (* (/ c (* b b)) (/ (* c c) (* b b))) (* (fma (/ -0.375 b) (* (/ c b) a) -0.5) c)) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return fma(((a * a) * -0.5625), ((c / (b * b)) * ((c * c) / (b * b))), (fma((-0.375 / b), ((c / b) * a), -0.5) * c)) / b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(a * a) * -0.5625), Float64(Float64(c / Float64(b * b)) * Float64(Float64(c * c) / Float64(b * b))), Float64(fma(Float64(-0.375 / b), Float64(Float64(c / b) * a), -0.5) * c)) / b) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5625), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(-0.375 / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{c}{b} \cdot a, -0.5\right) \cdot c\right)}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 18.1%
Taylor expanded in b around inf
Applied rewrites97.8%
Applied rewrites97.8%
Applied rewrites97.8%
Taylor expanded in c around 0
Applied rewrites96.8%
Final simplification96.8%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (fma (* (* a a) -0.5625) (* (/ c (* b b)) (/ (* c c) (* b b))) (* (fma (/ (* -0.375 a) b) (/ c b) -0.5) c)) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return fma(((a * a) * -0.5625), ((c / (b * b)) * ((c * c) / (b * b))), (fma(((-0.375 * a) / b), (c / b), -0.5) * c)) / b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(a * a) * -0.5625), Float64(Float64(c / Float64(b * b)) * Float64(Float64(c * c) / Float64(b * b))), Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(-0.375 * a) / b), Float64(c / b), -0.5) * c)) / b) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5625), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(N[(-0.375 * a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375 \cdot a}{b}, \frac{c}{b}, -0.5\right) \cdot c\right)}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 18.1%
Taylor expanded in b around inf
Applied rewrites97.8%
Applied rewrites97.8%
Taylor expanded in c around 0
Applied rewrites96.8%
Final simplification96.8%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (fma (/ (* -0.375 (* c c)) b) (/ a b) (* -0.5 c)) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return fma(((-0.375 * (c * c)) / b), (a / b), (-0.5 * c)) / b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(-0.375 * Float64(c * c)) / b), Float64(a / b), Float64(-0.5 * c)) / b) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(-0.375 * N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.5 * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375 \cdot \left(c \cdot c\right)}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 18.1%
Taylor expanded in b around inf
lower-/.f64N/A
+-commutativeN/A
associate-*r/N/A
unpow2N/A
*-commutativeN/A
associate-*r*N/A
times-fracN/A
lower-fma.f64N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
unpow2N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
lower-*.f6495.2
Applied rewrites95.2%
Final simplification95.2%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (* (fma (/ (* -0.375 a) b) (/ c b) -0.5) c) b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (fma(((-0.375 * a) / b), (c / b), -0.5) * c) / b;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(-0.375 * a) / b), Float64(c / b), -0.5) * c) / b) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(-0.375 * a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375 \cdot a}{b}, \frac{c}{b}, -0.5\right) \cdot c}{b}
\end{array}
Initial program 18.1%
Taylor expanded in b around inf
Applied rewrites97.8%
Taylor expanded in c around 0
Applied rewrites95.2%
Final simplification95.2%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* (/ (fma (* 0.375 a) (/ c (* b b)) 0.5) (- b)) c))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (fma((0.375 * a), (c / (b * b)), 0.5) / -b) * c;
}
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(fma(Float64(0.375 * a), Float64(c / Float64(b * b)), 0.5) / Float64(-b)) * c) end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(0.375 * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / (-b)), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.375 \cdot a, \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, 0.5\right)}{-b} \cdot c
\end{array}
Initial program 18.1%
Taylor expanded in c around 0
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
Applied rewrites96.6%
Taylor expanded in b around -inf
Applied rewrites94.8%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* (/ c b) -0.5))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c / b) * -0.5;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (c / b) * (-0.5d0)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (c / b) * -0.5;
}
def code(a, b, c): return (c / b) * -0.5
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(c / b) * -0.5) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (c / b) * -0.5; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{c}{b} \cdot -0.5
\end{array}
Initial program 18.1%
Taylor expanded in c around 0
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-/.f6490.3
Applied rewrites90.3%
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* (/ -0.5 b) c))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-0.5 / b) * c;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = ((-0.5d0) / b) * c
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-0.5 / b) * c;
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-0.5 / b) * c
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(-0.5 / b) * c) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-0.5 / b) * c; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(-0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-0.5}{b} \cdot c
\end{array}
Initial program 18.1%
Taylor expanded in c around 0
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
Applied rewrites96.6%
Taylor expanded in c around 0
Applied rewrites90.0%
herbie shell --seed 2024278
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Cubic critical, wide range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))