Cubic critical, wide range

Percentage Accurate: 18.0% → 97.6%
Time: 11.1s
Alternatives: 10
Speedup: 2.9×

Specification

?
\[\left(\left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < a \land a < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right) \land \left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < b \land b < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right)\right) \land \left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < c \land c < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right)\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c):
	return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 10 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 18.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c):
	return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 97.6% accurate, 0.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375 \cdot \left(c \cdot c\right), \frac{a}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, c, \frac{-0.16666666666666666}{a} \cdot \left({b}^{-6} \cdot \left({\left(c \cdot a\right)}^{4} \cdot 6.328125\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)}{b} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (fma
   (* (* a a) -0.5625)
   (* (/ c (* b b)) (/ (* c c) (* b b)))
   (fma
    (* -0.375 (* c c))
    (/ a (* b b))
    (fma
     -0.5
     c
     (*
      (/ -0.16666666666666666 a)
      (* (pow b -6.0) (* (pow (* c a) 4.0) 6.328125))))))
  b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return fma(((a * a) * -0.5625), ((c / (b * b)) * ((c * c) / (b * b))), fma((-0.375 * (c * c)), (a / (b * b)), fma(-0.5, c, ((-0.16666666666666666 / a) * (pow(b, -6.0) * (pow((c * a), 4.0) * 6.328125)))))) / b;
}
function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(a * a) * -0.5625), Float64(Float64(c / Float64(b * b)) * Float64(Float64(c * c) / Float64(b * b))), fma(Float64(-0.375 * Float64(c * c)), Float64(a / Float64(b * b)), fma(-0.5, c, Float64(Float64(-0.16666666666666666 / a) * Float64((b ^ -6.0) * Float64((Float64(c * a) ^ 4.0) * 6.328125)))))) / b)
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5625), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.375 * N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.5 * c + N[(N[(-0.16666666666666666 / a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[b, -6.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision], 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * 6.328125), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375 \cdot \left(c \cdot c\right), \frac{a}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, c, \frac{-0.16666666666666666}{a} \cdot \left({b}^{-6} \cdot \left({\left(c \cdot a\right)}^{4} \cdot 6.328125\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)}{b}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 18.1%

    \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in b around inf

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}} + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot c + \left(\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \frac{\frac{81}{64} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) + \frac{81}{16} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{6}}\right)\right)}{b}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites97.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{a}, \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{{b}^{6}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot -0.375}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites97.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{a}, \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{{b}^{6}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot -0.375}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites97.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{a}, {\left(c \cdot a\right)}^{4} \cdot \frac{6.328125}{{b}^{6}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot -0.375}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites97.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375 \cdot \left(c \cdot c\right), \frac{a}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, c, \left(\left(6.328125 \cdot {\left(c \cdot a\right)}^{4}\right) \cdot {b}^{-6}\right) \cdot \frac{-0.16666666666666666}{a}\right)\right)\right)}{b} \]
        2. Final simplification97.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375 \cdot \left(c \cdot c\right), \frac{a}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, c, \frac{-0.16666666666666666}{a} \cdot \left({b}^{-6} \cdot \left({\left(c \cdot a\right)}^{4} \cdot 6.328125\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)}{b} \]
        3. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 2: 97.5% accurate, 0.1× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, \frac{\left(\left({a}^{3} \cdot c\right) \cdot c\right) \cdot -1.0546875}{{b}^{6}}\right), c, -0.5\right) \cdot c\right)}{b} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (a b c)
         :precision binary64
         (/
          (fma
           (* (* a a) -0.5625)
           (* (/ c (* b b)) (/ (* c c) (* b b)))
           (*
            (fma
             (fma
              (/ -0.375 b)
              (/ a b)
              (/ (* (* (* (pow a 3.0) c) c) -1.0546875) (pow b 6.0)))
             c
             -0.5)
            c))
          b))
        double code(double a, double b, double c) {
        	return fma(((a * a) * -0.5625), ((c / (b * b)) * ((c * c) / (b * b))), (fma(fma((-0.375 / b), (a / b), ((((pow(a, 3.0) * c) * c) * -1.0546875) / pow(b, 6.0))), c, -0.5) * c)) / b;
        }
        
        function code(a, b, c)
        	return Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(a * a) * -0.5625), Float64(Float64(c / Float64(b * b)) * Float64(Float64(c * c) / Float64(b * b))), Float64(fma(fma(Float64(-0.375 / b), Float64(a / b), Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64((a ^ 3.0) * c) * c) * -1.0546875) / (b ^ 6.0))), c, -0.5) * c)) / b)
        end
        
        code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5625), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(N[(-0.375 / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Power[a, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision] * -1.0546875), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * c + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, \frac{\left(\left({a}^{3} \cdot c\right) \cdot c\right) \cdot -1.0546875}{{b}^{6}}\right), c, -0.5\right) \cdot c\right)}{b}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 18.1%

          \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in b around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}} + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot c + \left(\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \frac{\frac{81}{64} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) + \frac{81}{16} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{6}}\right)\right)}{b}} \]
        4. Applied rewrites97.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{a}, \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{{b}^{6}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot -0.375}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b}} \]
        5. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites97.8%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{a}, \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{{b}^{6}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot -0.375}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b} \]
          2. Taylor expanded in c around 0

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(\frac{-135}{128} \cdot \frac{{a}^{3} \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{6}} + \frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{2}}\right) - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{b} \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites97.8%

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, \frac{-1.0546875 \cdot \left(\left({a}^{3} \cdot c\right) \cdot c\right)}{{b}^{6}}\right), c, -0.5\right) \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
            2. Final simplification97.8%

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, \frac{\left(\left({a}^{3} \cdot c\right) \cdot c\right) \cdot -1.0546875}{{b}^{6}}\right), c, -0.5\right) \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
            3. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 3: 96.8% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375 \cdot a, \frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{c}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)}{b} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (a b c)
             :precision binary64
             (/
              (fma
               (* (* a a) -0.5625)
               (* (/ c (* b b)) (/ (* c c) (* b b)))
               (fma (* -0.375 a) (* (/ c b) (/ c b)) (* -0.5 c)))
              b))
            double code(double a, double b, double c) {
            	return fma(((a * a) * -0.5625), ((c / (b * b)) * ((c * c) / (b * b))), fma((-0.375 * a), ((c / b) * (c / b)), (-0.5 * c))) / b;
            }
            
            function code(a, b, c)
            	return Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(a * a) * -0.5625), Float64(Float64(c / Float64(b * b)) * Float64(Float64(c * c) / Float64(b * b))), fma(Float64(-0.375 * a), Float64(Float64(c / b) * Float64(c / b)), Float64(-0.5 * c))) / b)
            end
            
            code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5625), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.375 * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.5 * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375 \cdot a, \frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{c}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)}{b}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 18.1%

              \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in b around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}} + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot c + \left(\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \frac{\frac{81}{64} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) + \frac{81}{16} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{6}}\right)\right)}{b}} \]
            4. Applied rewrites97.8%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{a}, \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{{b}^{6}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot -0.375}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b}} \]
            5. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites97.8%

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{a}, \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{{b}^{6}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot -0.375}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b} \]
              2. Taylor expanded in b around inf

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c + \frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}\right)}{b} \]
              3. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites96.9%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(a \cdot -0.375, \frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{c}{b}, c \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}{b} \]
                2. Final simplification96.9%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375 \cdot a, \frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{c}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)}{b} \]
                3. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 4: 96.7% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{c}{b} \cdot a, -0.5\right) \cdot c\right)}{b} \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (a b c)
                 :precision binary64
                 (/
                  (fma
                   (* (* a a) -0.5625)
                   (* (/ c (* b b)) (/ (* c c) (* b b)))
                   (* (fma (/ -0.375 b) (* (/ c b) a) -0.5) c))
                  b))
                double code(double a, double b, double c) {
                	return fma(((a * a) * -0.5625), ((c / (b * b)) * ((c * c) / (b * b))), (fma((-0.375 / b), ((c / b) * a), -0.5) * c)) / b;
                }
                
                function code(a, b, c)
                	return Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(a * a) * -0.5625), Float64(Float64(c / Float64(b * b)) * Float64(Float64(c * c) / Float64(b * b))), Float64(fma(Float64(-0.375 / b), Float64(Float64(c / b) * a), -0.5) * c)) / b)
                end
                
                code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5625), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(-0.375 / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{c}{b} \cdot a, -0.5\right) \cdot c\right)}{b}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Initial program 18.1%

                  \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in b around inf

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}} + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot c + \left(\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \frac{\frac{81}{64} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) + \frac{81}{16} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{6}}\right)\right)}{b}} \]
                4. Applied rewrites97.8%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{a}, \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{{b}^{6}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot -0.375}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b}} \]
                5. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites97.8%

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{a}, \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{{b}^{6}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot -0.375}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b} \]
                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites97.8%

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{a}, {\left(c \cdot a\right)}^{4} \cdot \frac{6.328125}{{b}^{6}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot -0.375}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b} \]
                    2. Taylor expanded in c around 0

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, c \cdot \left(\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{2}} - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{b} \]
                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites96.8%

                        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, a \cdot \frac{c}{b}, -0.5\right) \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
                      2. Final simplification96.8%

                        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{c}{b} \cdot a, -0.5\right) \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
                      3. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 5: 96.7% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375 \cdot a}{b}, \frac{c}{b}, -0.5\right) \cdot c\right)}{b} \end{array} \]
                      (FPCore (a b c)
                       :precision binary64
                       (/
                        (fma
                         (* (* a a) -0.5625)
                         (* (/ c (* b b)) (/ (* c c) (* b b)))
                         (* (fma (/ (* -0.375 a) b) (/ c b) -0.5) c))
                        b))
                      double code(double a, double b, double c) {
                      	return fma(((a * a) * -0.5625), ((c / (b * b)) * ((c * c) / (b * b))), (fma(((-0.375 * a) / b), (c / b), -0.5) * c)) / b;
                      }
                      
                      function code(a, b, c)
                      	return Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(a * a) * -0.5625), Float64(Float64(c / Float64(b * b)) * Float64(Float64(c * c) / Float64(b * b))), Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(-0.375 * a) / b), Float64(c / b), -0.5) * c)) / b)
                      end
                      
                      code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5625), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(N[(-0.375 * a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
                      
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      
                      \\
                      \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375 \cdot a}{b}, \frac{c}{b}, -0.5\right) \cdot c\right)}{b}
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Initial program 18.1%

                        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in b around inf

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}} + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot c + \left(\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \frac{\frac{81}{64} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) + \frac{81}{16} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{6}}\right)\right)}{b}} \]
                      4. Applied rewrites97.8%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{a}, \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{{b}^{6}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot -0.375}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b}} \]
                      5. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites97.8%

                          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{a}, \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{{b}^{6}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot -0.375}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b} \]
                        2. Taylor expanded in c around 0

                          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, c \cdot \left(\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{2}} - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}{b} \]
                        3. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites96.8%

                            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375 \cdot a}{b}, \frac{c}{b}, -0.5\right) \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
                          2. Final simplification96.8%

                            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375 \cdot a}{b}, \frac{c}{b}, -0.5\right) \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
                          3. Add Preprocessing

                          Alternative 6: 95.2% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375 \cdot \left(c \cdot c\right)}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)}{b} \end{array} \]
                          (FPCore (a b c)
                           :precision binary64
                           (/ (fma (/ (* -0.375 (* c c)) b) (/ a b) (* -0.5 c)) b))
                          double code(double a, double b, double c) {
                          	return fma(((-0.375 * (c * c)) / b), (a / b), (-0.5 * c)) / b;
                          }
                          
                          function code(a, b, c)
                          	return Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(-0.375 * Float64(c * c)) / b), Float64(a / b), Float64(-0.5 * c)) / b)
                          end
                          
                          code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(-0.375 * N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.5 * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          
                          \\
                          \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375 \cdot \left(c \cdot c\right)}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)}{b}
                          \end{array}
                          
                          Derivation
                          1. Initial program 18.1%

                            \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in b around inf

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot c + \frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}{b}} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot c + \frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}{b}} \]
                            2. +-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c}}{b} \]
                            3. associate-*r/N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \left(a \cdot {c}^{2}\right)}{{b}^{2}}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c}{b} \]
                            4. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \left(a \cdot {c}^{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c}{b} \]
                            5. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({c}^{2} \cdot a\right)}}{b \cdot b} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c}{b} \]
                            6. associate-*r*N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-3}{8} \cdot {c}^{2}\right) \cdot a}}{b \cdot b} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c}{b} \]
                            7. times-fracN/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-3}{8} \cdot {c}^{2}}{b} \cdot \frac{a}{b}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c}{b} \]
                            8. lower-fma.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-3}{8} \cdot {c}^{2}}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c\right)}}{b} \]
                            9. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-3}{8} \cdot {c}^{2}}{b}}, \frac{a}{b}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
                            10. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{{c}^{2} \cdot \frac{-3}{8}}}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
                            11. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{{c}^{2} \cdot \frac{-3}{8}}}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
                            12. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot c\right)} \cdot \frac{-3}{8}}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
                            13. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot c\right)} \cdot \frac{-3}{8}}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
                            14. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot \frac{-3}{8}}{b}, \color{blue}{\frac{a}{b}}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
                            15. lower-*.f6495.2

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot -0.375}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, \color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot c}\right)}{b} \]
                          5. Applied rewrites95.2%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot -0.375}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)}{b}} \]
                          6. Final simplification95.2%

                            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375 \cdot \left(c \cdot c\right)}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
                          7. Add Preprocessing

                          Alternative 7: 95.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375 \cdot a}{b}, \frac{c}{b}, -0.5\right) \cdot c}{b} \end{array} \]
                          (FPCore (a b c)
                           :precision binary64
                           (/ (* (fma (/ (* -0.375 a) b) (/ c b) -0.5) c) b))
                          double code(double a, double b, double c) {
                          	return (fma(((-0.375 * a) / b), (c / b), -0.5) * c) / b;
                          }
                          
                          function code(a, b, c)
                          	return Float64(Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(-0.375 * a) / b), Float64(c / b), -0.5) * c) / b)
                          end
                          
                          code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(-0.375 * a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          
                          \\
                          \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375 \cdot a}{b}, \frac{c}{b}, -0.5\right) \cdot c}{b}
                          \end{array}
                          
                          Derivation
                          1. Initial program 18.1%

                            \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in b around inf

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}} + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot c + \left(\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \frac{\frac{81}{64} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) + \frac{81}{16} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{6}}\right)\right)}{b}} \]
                          4. Applied rewrites97.8%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5625 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right), \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{a}, \left({c}^{4} \cdot {a}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{{b}^{6}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot -0.375}{b}, \frac{a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b}} \]
                          5. Taylor expanded in c around 0

                            \[\leadsto \frac{c \cdot \left(\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{2}} - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{b} \]
                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites95.2%

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a \cdot -0.375}{b}, \frac{c}{b}, -0.5\right) \cdot c}{b} \]
                            2. Final simplification95.2%

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375 \cdot a}{b}, \frac{c}{b}, -0.5\right) \cdot c}{b} \]
                            3. Add Preprocessing

                            Alternative 8: 94.8% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.375 \cdot a, \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, 0.5\right)}{-b} \cdot c \end{array} \]
                            (FPCore (a b c)
                             :precision binary64
                             (* (/ (fma (* 0.375 a) (/ c (* b b)) 0.5) (- b)) c))
                            double code(double a, double b, double c) {
                            	return (fma((0.375 * a), (c / (b * b)), 0.5) / -b) * c;
                            }
                            
                            function code(a, b, c)
                            	return Float64(Float64(fma(Float64(0.375 * a), Float64(c / Float64(b * b)), 0.5) / Float64(-b)) * c)
                            end
                            
                            code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(0.375 * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / (-b)), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]
                            
                            \begin{array}{l}
                            
                            \\
                            \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.375 \cdot a, \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, 0.5\right)}{-b} \cdot c
                            \end{array}
                            
                            Derivation
                            1. Initial program 18.1%

                              \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Taylor expanded in c around 0

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot c}{{b}^{5}} + \frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]
                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. *-commutativeN/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot \left(\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot c}{{b}^{5}} + \frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot c} \]
                              2. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot \left(\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot c}{{b}^{5}} + \frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot c} \]
                            5. Applied rewrites96.6%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(c \cdot -0.5625, a \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{5}}, \frac{a}{{b}^{3}} \cdot -0.375\right), c, \frac{-0.5}{b}\right) \cdot c} \]
                            6. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

                              \[\leadsto \left(-1 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{2}}}{b}\right) \cdot c \]
                            7. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites94.8%

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.375 \cdot a, \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, 0.5\right)}{-b} \cdot c \]
                              2. Add Preprocessing

                              Alternative 9: 90.3% accurate, 2.9× speedup?

                              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{c}{b} \cdot -0.5 \end{array} \]
                              (FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* (/ c b) -0.5))
                              double code(double a, double b, double c) {
                              	return (c / b) * -0.5;
                              }
                              
                              real(8) function code(a, b, c)
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: c
                                  code = (c / b) * (-0.5d0)
                              end function
                              
                              public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
                              	return (c / b) * -0.5;
                              }
                              
                              def code(a, b, c):
                              	return (c / b) * -0.5
                              
                              function code(a, b, c)
                              	return Float64(Float64(c / b) * -0.5)
                              end
                              
                              function tmp = code(a, b, c)
                              	tmp = (c / b) * -0.5;
                              end
                              
                              code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]
                              
                              \begin{array}{l}
                              
                              \\
                              \frac{c}{b} \cdot -0.5
                              \end{array}
                              
                              Derivation
                              1. Initial program 18.1%

                                \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                              2. Add Preprocessing
                              3. Taylor expanded in c around 0

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. *-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} \]
                                2. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} \]
                                3. lower-/.f6490.3

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b}} \cdot -0.5 \]
                              5. Applied rewrites90.3%

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} \cdot -0.5} \]
                              6. Add Preprocessing

                              Alternative 10: 90.0% accurate, 2.9× speedup?

                              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-0.5}{b} \cdot c \end{array} \]
                              (FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* (/ -0.5 b) c))
                              double code(double a, double b, double c) {
                              	return (-0.5 / b) * c;
                              }
                              
                              real(8) function code(a, b, c)
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: c
                                  code = ((-0.5d0) / b) * c
                              end function
                              
                              public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
                              	return (-0.5 / b) * c;
                              }
                              
                              def code(a, b, c):
                              	return (-0.5 / b) * c
                              
                              function code(a, b, c)
                              	return Float64(Float64(-0.5 / b) * c)
                              end
                              
                              function tmp = code(a, b, c)
                              	tmp = (-0.5 / b) * c;
                              end
                              
                              code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(-0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]
                              
                              \begin{array}{l}
                              
                              \\
                              \frac{-0.5}{b} \cdot c
                              \end{array}
                              
                              Derivation
                              1. Initial program 18.1%

                                \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                              2. Add Preprocessing
                              3. Taylor expanded in c around 0

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot c}{{b}^{5}} + \frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]
                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. *-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot \left(\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot c}{{b}^{5}} + \frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot c} \]
                                2. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot \left(\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot c}{{b}^{5}} + \frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{3}}\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right) \cdot c} \]
                              5. Applied rewrites96.6%

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(c \cdot -0.5625, a \cdot \frac{a}{{b}^{5}}, \frac{a}{{b}^{3}} \cdot -0.375\right), c, \frac{-0.5}{b}\right) \cdot c} \]
                              6. Taylor expanded in c around 0

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{b} \cdot c \]
                              7. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites90.0%

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{-0.5}{b} \cdot c \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing

                                Reproduce

                                ?
                                herbie shell --seed 2024278 
                                (FPCore (a b c)
                                  :name "Cubic critical, wide range"
                                  :precision binary64
                                  :pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
                                  (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))