Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 24.7% → 95.4%
Time: 26.1s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 40.5×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 24.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 95.4% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\\ t_1 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\\ t_2 := \sin t\_1\\ t_3 := \cos t\_1\\ t_4 := \frac{\frac{t\_3 \cdot \left(t\_2 \cdot \left(\left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_4 \cdot t\_4 - \frac{\frac{{\left(t\_2 \cdot b\right)}^{2} + {\left(t\_3 \cdot a\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{{\left(t\_3 \cdot b\right)}^{2} + {\left(t\_2 \cdot a\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} \cdot 4\right) \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot -4\right) \cdot t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ b (* y-scale x-scale)) a))
        (t_1 (* (PI) (/ angle 180.0)))
        (t_2 (sin t_1))
        (t_3 (cos t_1))
        (t_4
         (/
          (/ (* t_3 (* t_2 (* (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0)) 2.0))) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (if (<=
        (-
         (* t_4 t_4)
         (*
          (/ (/ (+ (pow (* t_2 b) 2.0) (pow (* t_3 a) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)
          (*
           (/ (/ (+ (pow (* t_3 b) 2.0) (pow (* t_2 a) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale)
           4.0)))
        0.0)
     (* -4.0 (pow (* (/ b x-scale) (/ a y-scale)) 2.0))
     (* (* t_0 -4.0) t_0))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\\
t_1 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\\
t_2 := \sin t\_1\\
t_3 := \cos t\_1\\
t_4 := \frac{\frac{t\_3 \cdot \left(t\_2 \cdot \left(\left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_4 \cdot t\_4 - \frac{\frac{{\left(t\_2 \cdot b\right)}^{2} + {\left(t\_3 \cdot a\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{{\left(t\_3 \cdot b\right)}^{2} + {\left(t\_2 \cdot a\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} \cdot 4\right) \leq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;-4 \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot -4\right) \cdot t\_0\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (pow.f64 b #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 a #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) x-scale) y-scale) (/.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (pow.f64 b #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 a #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) x-scale) y-scale)) (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 4 binary64) (/.f64 (/.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (*.f64 a (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (*.f64 b (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64))) x-scale) x-scale)) (/.f64 (/.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (*.f64 a (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (*.f64 b (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64))) y-scale) y-scale))) < 0.0

    1. Initial program 68.3%

      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
      2. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
      3. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
      4. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
      5. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
      6. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
      8. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
      9. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
      11. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
      12. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
      13. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
      14. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
      15. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
      16. lower-*.f6465.9

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites65.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites81.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
      2. Applied rewrites92.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(a \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot -4} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites99.6%

          \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot -4 \]

        if 0.0 < (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (pow.f64 b #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 a #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) x-scale) y-scale) (/.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (pow.f64 b #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 a #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) x-scale) y-scale)) (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 4 binary64) (/.f64 (/.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (*.f64 a (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (*.f64 b (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64))) x-scale) x-scale)) (/.f64 (/.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (*.f64 a (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (*.f64 b (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64))) y-scale) y-scale)))

        1. Initial program 0.3%

          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-/l*N/A

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          2. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          3. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          4. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          5. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          6. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          7. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          8. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
          9. times-fracN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          10. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          11. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          12. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          13. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          14. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
          15. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
          16. lower-*.f6448.2

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
        5. Applied rewrites48.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites67.3%

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
          2. Applied rewrites95.1%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(a \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot -4} \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites95.1%

              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot a\right)\right)} \]
          4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
          5. Final simplification96.6%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\frac{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right) \cdot \left(\left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right) \cdot \left(\left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2} + {\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right) \cdot a\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{{\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2} + {\left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right) \cdot a\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} \cdot 4\right) \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;-4 \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right)\\ \end{array} \]
          6. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 2: 94.5% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\\ \left(t\_0 \cdot -4\right) \cdot t\_0 \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
           :precision binary64
           (let* ((t_0 (* (/ b (* y-scale x-scale)) a))) (* (* t_0 -4.0) t_0)))
          double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
          	double t_0 = (b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * a;
          	return (t_0 * -4.0) * t_0;
          }
          
          real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
              real(8), intent (in) :: a
              real(8), intent (in) :: b
              real(8), intent (in) :: angle
              real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
              real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
              real(8) :: t_0
              t_0 = (b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * a
              code = (t_0 * (-4.0d0)) * t_0
          end function
          
          public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
          	double t_0 = (b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * a;
          	return (t_0 * -4.0) * t_0;
          }
          
          def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
          	t_0 = (b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * a
          	return (t_0 * -4.0) * t_0
          
          function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
          	t_0 = Float64(Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * a)
          	return Float64(Float64(t_0 * -4.0) * t_0)
          end
          
          function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
          	t_0 = (b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * a;
          	tmp = (t_0 * -4.0) * t_0;
          end
          
          code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(t$95$0 * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\\
          \left(t\_0 \cdot -4\right) \cdot t\_0
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 22.4%

            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. associate-/l*N/A

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
            2. associate-*r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
            3. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
            4. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            5. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            6. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            7. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            8. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
            9. times-fracN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
            10. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
            11. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
            12. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
            13. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
            14. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
            15. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
            16. lower-*.f6454.0

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
          5. Applied rewrites54.0%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites72.0%

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
            2. Applied rewrites94.3%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(a \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot -4} \]
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites94.3%

                \[\leadsto \left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot a\right)\right)} \]
              2. Final simplification94.3%

                \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right) \]
              3. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 3: 91.8% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \left(\left(\left(t\_0 \cdot a\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4 \end{array} \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
               :precision binary64
               (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale)))) (* (* (* (* t_0 a) t_0) a) -4.0)))
              double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
              	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
              	return (((t_0 * a) * t_0) * a) * -4.0;
              }
              
              real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: a
                  real(8), intent (in) :: b
                  real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                  real(8) :: t_0
                  t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                  code = (((t_0 * a) * t_0) * a) * (-4.0d0)
              end function
              
              public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
              	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
              	return (((t_0 * a) * t_0) * a) * -4.0;
              }
              
              def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
              	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
              	return (((t_0 * a) * t_0) * a) * -4.0
              
              function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
              	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
              	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 * a) * t_0) * a) * -4.0)
              end
              
              function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
              	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
              	tmp = (((t_0 * a) * t_0) * a) * -4.0;
              end
              
              code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \begin{array}{l}
              t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
              \left(\left(\left(t\_0 \cdot a\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4
              \end{array}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Initial program 22.4%

                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. associate-/l*N/A

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                2. associate-*r*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                3. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                5. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                6. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                7. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                8. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                9. times-fracN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                10. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                12. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                13. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                14. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                15. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                16. lower-*.f6454.0

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
              5. Applied rewrites54.0%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
              6. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites72.0%

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
                2. Applied rewrites94.3%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(a \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot -4} \]
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites89.1%

                    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4 \]
                  2. Final simplification89.1%

                    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4 \]
                  3. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 4: 79.3% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \left(\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot -4 \end{array} \end{array} \]
                  (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                   :precision binary64
                   (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale)))) (* (* (* (* a a) t_0) t_0) -4.0)))
                  double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                  	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                  	return (((a * a) * t_0) * t_0) * -4.0;
                  }
                  
                  real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: a
                      real(8), intent (in) :: b
                      real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                      real(8) :: t_0
                      t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                      code = (((a * a) * t_0) * t_0) * (-4.0d0)
                  end function
                  
                  public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                  	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                  	return (((a * a) * t_0) * t_0) * -4.0;
                  }
                  
                  def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                  	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
                  	return (((a * a) * t_0) * t_0) * -4.0
                  
                  function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                  	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                  	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) * t_0) * t_0) * -4.0)
                  end
                  
                  function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                  	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                  	tmp = (((a * a) * t_0) * t_0) * -4.0;
                  end
                  
                  code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]]
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  
                  \\
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
                  \left(\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot -4
                  \end{array}
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Initial program 22.4%

                    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. associate-/l*N/A

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    2. associate-*r*N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    3. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    5. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    6. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    7. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    8. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    9. times-fracN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    10. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    11. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    12. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    13. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    14. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                    15. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                    16. lower-*.f6454.0

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                  5. Applied rewrites54.0%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites72.0%

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
                    2. Applied rewrites94.3%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(a \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot -4} \]
                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites79.1%

                        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                      2. Final simplification79.1%

                        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                      3. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 5: 75.9% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
                      (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                       :precision binary64
                       (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale)))) (* (* t_0 t_0) (* (* a a) -4.0))))
                      double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                      	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                      	return (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                      }
                      
                      real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: a
                          real(8), intent (in) :: b
                          real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                          real(8) :: t_0
                          t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                          code = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                      end function
                      
                      public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                      	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                      	return (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                      }
                      
                      def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                      	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
                      	return (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                      
                      function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                      	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                      	return Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0))
                      end
                      
                      function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                      	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                      	tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                      end
                      
                      code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                      
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      
                      \\
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
                      \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)
                      \end{array}
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Initial program 22.4%

                        \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. associate-/l*N/A

                          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                        2. associate-*r*N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                        3. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                        4. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                        5. unpow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                        6. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                        7. unpow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                        8. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                        9. times-fracN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                        10. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                        11. lower-/.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                        12. unpow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                        13. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                        14. lower-/.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                        15. unpow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                        16. lower-*.f6454.0

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                      5. Applied rewrites54.0%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                      6. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites72.0%

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
                        2. Final simplification72.0%

                          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \]
                        3. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 6: 61.7% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right) \end{array} \]
                        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                         :precision binary64
                         (* (/ (* b b) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) (* (* -4.0 a) a)))
                        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                        	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((-4.0 * a) * a);
                        }
                        
                        real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                            real(8), intent (in) :: b
                            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                            code = ((b * b) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (((-4.0d0) * a) * a)
                        end function
                        
                        public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                        	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((-4.0 * a) * a);
                        }
                        
                        def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                        	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((-4.0 * a) * a)
                        
                        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                        	return Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) * a))
                        end
                        
                        function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                        	tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((-4.0 * a) * a);
                        end
                        
                        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        
                        \\
                        \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right)
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Initial program 22.4%

                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. associate-/l*N/A

                            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                          2. associate-*r*N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                          3. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                          4. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                          5. unpow2N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                          6. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                          7. unpow2N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                          8. *-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                          9. times-fracN/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                          10. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                          11. lower-/.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                          12. unpow2N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                          13. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                          14. lower-/.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                          15. unpow2N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                          16. lower-*.f6454.0

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                        5. Applied rewrites54.0%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                        6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                        7. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites58.0%

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites58.0%

                              \[\leadsto \left(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \]
                            2. Final simplification58.0%

                              \[\leadsto \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right) \]
                            3. Add Preprocessing

                            Alternative 7: 61.7% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \end{array} \]
                            (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                             :precision binary64
                             (* (/ (* b b) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) (* (* a a) -4.0)))
                            double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                            	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                            }
                            
                            real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                code = ((b * b) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                            end function
                            
                            public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                            	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                            }
                            
                            def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                            	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                            
                            function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                            	return Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0))
                            end
                            
                            function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                            	tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                            end
                            
                            code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                            
                            \begin{array}{l}
                            
                            \\
                            \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)
                            \end{array}
                            
                            Derivation
                            1. Initial program 22.4%

                              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. associate-/l*N/A

                                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                              2. associate-*r*N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                              4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                              5. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                              6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                              7. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                              8. *-commutativeN/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                              9. times-fracN/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                              10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                              11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                              12. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                              13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                              14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                              15. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                              16. lower-*.f6454.0

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                            5. Applied rewrites54.0%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                            6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                            7. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites58.0%

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                              2. Final simplification58.0%

                                \[\leadsto \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \]
                              3. Add Preprocessing

                              Reproduce

                              ?
                              herbie shell --seed 2024278 
                              (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                :name "Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse"
                                :precision binary64
                                (- (* (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale) (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale)) (* (* 4.0 (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale)) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))))