Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (13)

Percentage Accurate: 24.1% → 53.9%
Time: 16.9s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 156.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\ \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))))
   (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c0
    real(8), intent (in) :: w
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (c0 * (d_1 * d_1)) / ((w * h) * (d * d))
    code = (c0 / (2.0d0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (m * m))))
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D))
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D)))
	return Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M)))))
end
function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 24.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\ \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))))
   (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c0
    real(8), intent (in) :: w
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (c0 * (d_1 * d_1)) / ((w * h) * (d * d))
    code = (c0 / (2.0d0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (m * m))))
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D))
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D)))
	return Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M)))))
end
function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 53.9% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\ t_1 := \left(\sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M} + t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* (* d d) c0) (* (* D D) (* h w))))
        (t_1 (* (+ (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M))) t_0) (/ c0 (* w 2.0)))))
   (if (<= t_1 INFINITY) t_1 0.0)))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
	double t_1 = (sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = 0.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
	double t_1 = (Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = 0.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w))
	t_1 = (math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))
	tmp = 0
	if t_1 <= math.inf:
		tmp = t_1
	else:
		tmp = 0.0
	return tmp
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(d * d) * c0) / Float64(Float64(D * D) * Float64(h * w)))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M))) + t_0) * Float64(c0 / Float64(w * 2.0)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= Inf)
		tmp = t_1;
	else
		tmp = 0.0;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
	t_1 = (sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_1 <= Inf)
		tmp = t_1;
	else
		tmp = 0.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision] * c0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c0 / N[(w * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, Infinity], t$95$1, 0.0]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\
t_1 := \left(\sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M} + t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq \infty:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_1\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) < +inf.0

    1. Initial program 83.2%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing

    if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M)))))

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} \]
      2. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w}} \]
      3. distribute-lft1-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 + 1\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
      5. mul0-lftN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{0}\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
      6. mul0-rgtN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
      7. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0}}{w} \]
      8. div038.8

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
    5. Applied rewrites38.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification52.0%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} - M \cdot M} + \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} - M \cdot M} + \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 52.4% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2}\\ t_1 := \left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0\\ t_2 := \frac{t\_1}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_2 \cdot t\_2 - M \cdot M} + t\_2\right) \cdot t\_0 \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot c0, \frac{\frac{\frac{\frac{d}{w}}{h}}{D}}{D}, \frac{t\_1}{\left(\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot h\right) \cdot w}\right) \cdot t\_0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ c0 (* w 2.0)))
        (t_1 (* (* d d) c0))
        (t_2 (/ t_1 (* (* D D) (* h w)))))
   (if (<= (* (+ (sqrt (- (* t_2 t_2) (* M M))) t_2) t_0) INFINITY)
     (*
      (fma (* d c0) (/ (/ (/ (/ d w) h) D) D) (/ t_1 (* (* (* D D) h) w)))
      t_0)
     0.0)))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = c0 / (w * 2.0);
	double t_1 = (d * d) * c0;
	double t_2 = t_1 / ((D * D) * (h * w));
	double tmp;
	if (((sqrt(((t_2 * t_2) - (M * M))) + t_2) * t_0) <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = fma((d * c0), ((((d / w) / h) / D) / D), (t_1 / (((D * D) * h) * w))) * t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = 0.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(c0 / Float64(w * 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(d * d) * c0)
	t_2 = Float64(t_1 / Float64(Float64(D * D) * Float64(h * w)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_2 * t_2) - Float64(M * M))) + t_2) * t_0) <= Inf)
		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(d * c0), Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(d / w) / h) / D) / D), Float64(t_1 / Float64(Float64(Float64(D * D) * h) * w))) * t_0);
	else
		tmp = 0.0;
	end
	return tmp
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(c0 / N[(w * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision] * c0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(t$95$1 / N[(N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$2 * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision], Infinity], N[(N[(N[(d * c0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(N[(d / w), $MachinePrecision] / h), $MachinePrecision] / D), $MachinePrecision] / D), $MachinePrecision] + N[(t$95$1 / N[(N[(N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision] * h), $MachinePrecision] * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision], 0.0]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2}\\
t_1 := \left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0\\
t_2 := \frac{t\_1}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_2 \cdot t\_2 - M \cdot M} + t\_2\right) \cdot t\_0 \leq \infty:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot c0, \frac{\frac{\frac{\frac{d}{w}}{h}}{D}}{D}, \frac{t\_1}{\left(\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot h\right) \cdot w}\right) \cdot t\_0\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) < +inf.0

    1. Initial program 83.2%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Applied rewrites74.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot c0, \frac{\frac{\frac{\frac{d}{w}}{h}}{D}}{D}, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\frac{h \cdot w}{c0}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right)} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in w around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot c0, \frac{\frac{\frac{\frac{d}{w}}{h}}{D}}{D}, \color{blue}{\frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}\right) \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot c0, \frac{\frac{\frac{\frac{d}{w}}{h}}{D}}{D}, \color{blue}{\frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}\right) \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot c0, \frac{\frac{\frac{\frac{d}{w}}{h}}{D}}{D}, \frac{\color{blue}{{d}^{2} \cdot c0}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right) \]
      3. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot c0, \frac{\frac{\frac{\frac{d}{w}}{h}}{D}}{D}, \frac{\color{blue}{{d}^{2} \cdot c0}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right) \]
      4. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot c0, \frac{\frac{\frac{\frac{d}{w}}{h}}{D}}{D}, \frac{\color{blue}{\left(d \cdot d\right)} \cdot c0}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right) \]
      5. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot c0, \frac{\frac{\frac{\frac{d}{w}}{h}}{D}}{D}, \frac{\color{blue}{\left(d \cdot d\right)} \cdot c0}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right) \]
      6. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot c0, \frac{\frac{\frac{\frac{d}{w}}{h}}{D}}{D}, \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\color{blue}{\left({D}^{2} \cdot h\right) \cdot w}}\right) \]
      7. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot c0, \frac{\frac{\frac{\frac{d}{w}}{h}}{D}}{D}, \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\color{blue}{\left({D}^{2} \cdot h\right) \cdot w}}\right) \]
      8. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot c0, \frac{\frac{\frac{\frac{d}{w}}{h}}{D}}{D}, \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\color{blue}{\left({D}^{2} \cdot h\right)} \cdot w}\right) \]
      9. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot c0, \frac{\frac{\frac{\frac{d}{w}}{h}}{D}}{D}, \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot h\right) \cdot w}\right) \]
      10. lower-*.f6473.6

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot c0, \frac{\frac{\frac{\frac{d}{w}}{h}}{D}}{D}, \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot h\right) \cdot w}\right) \]
    6. Applied rewrites73.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot c0, \frac{\frac{\frac{\frac{d}{w}}{h}}{D}}{D}, \color{blue}{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot h\right) \cdot w}}\right) \]

    if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M)))))

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} \]
      2. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w}} \]
      3. distribute-lft1-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 + 1\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
      5. mul0-lftN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{0}\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
      6. mul0-rgtN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
      7. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0}}{w} \]
      8. div038.8

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
    5. Applied rewrites38.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification49.1%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} - M \cdot M} + \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot c0, \frac{\frac{\frac{\frac{d}{w}}{h}}{D}}{D}, \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot h\right) \cdot w}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 52.8% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2}\\ t_1 := \left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0\\ t_2 := \frac{t\_1}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_2 \cdot t\_2 - M \cdot M} + t\_2\right) \cdot t\_0 \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_1 \cdot 2}{\left(\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot h\right) \cdot w} \cdot t\_0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ c0 (* w 2.0)))
        (t_1 (* (* d d) c0))
        (t_2 (/ t_1 (* (* D D) (* h w)))))
   (if (<= (* (+ (sqrt (- (* t_2 t_2) (* M M))) t_2) t_0) INFINITY)
     (* (/ (* t_1 2.0) (* (* (* D D) h) w)) t_0)
     0.0)))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = c0 / (w * 2.0);
	double t_1 = (d * d) * c0;
	double t_2 = t_1 / ((D * D) * (h * w));
	double tmp;
	if (((sqrt(((t_2 * t_2) - (M * M))) + t_2) * t_0) <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = ((t_1 * 2.0) / (((D * D) * h) * w)) * t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = 0.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = c0 / (w * 2.0);
	double t_1 = (d * d) * c0;
	double t_2 = t_1 / ((D * D) * (h * w));
	double tmp;
	if (((Math.sqrt(((t_2 * t_2) - (M * M))) + t_2) * t_0) <= Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = ((t_1 * 2.0) / (((D * D) * h) * w)) * t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = 0.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = c0 / (w * 2.0)
	t_1 = (d * d) * c0
	t_2 = t_1 / ((D * D) * (h * w))
	tmp = 0
	if ((math.sqrt(((t_2 * t_2) - (M * M))) + t_2) * t_0) <= math.inf:
		tmp = ((t_1 * 2.0) / (((D * D) * h) * w)) * t_0
	else:
		tmp = 0.0
	return tmp
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(c0 / Float64(w * 2.0))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(d * d) * c0)
	t_2 = Float64(t_1 / Float64(Float64(D * D) * Float64(h * w)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_2 * t_2) - Float64(M * M))) + t_2) * t_0) <= Inf)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(t_1 * 2.0) / Float64(Float64(Float64(D * D) * h) * w)) * t_0);
	else
		tmp = 0.0;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = c0 / (w * 2.0);
	t_1 = (d * d) * c0;
	t_2 = t_1 / ((D * D) * (h * w));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (((sqrt(((t_2 * t_2) - (M * M))) + t_2) * t_0) <= Inf)
		tmp = ((t_1 * 2.0) / (((D * D) * h) * w)) * t_0;
	else
		tmp = 0.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(c0 / N[(w * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision] * c0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(t$95$1 / N[(N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$2 * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision], Infinity], N[(N[(N[(t$95$1 * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision] * h), $MachinePrecision] * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision], 0.0]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2}\\
t_1 := \left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0\\
t_2 := \frac{t\_1}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_2 \cdot t\_2 - M \cdot M} + t\_2\right) \cdot t\_0 \leq \infty:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{t\_1 \cdot 2}{\left(\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot h\right) \cdot w} \cdot t\_0\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) < +inf.0

    1. Initial program 83.2%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in w around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{c0 \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} \cdot 2\right)} \]
      2. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(c0 \cdot {d}^{2}\right) \cdot 2}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}} \]
      3. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(c0 \cdot {d}^{2}\right) \cdot 2}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}} \]
      4. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot {d}^{2}\right) \cdot 2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left({d}^{2} \cdot c0\right)} \cdot 2}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} \]
      6. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left({d}^{2} \cdot c0\right)} \cdot 2}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \frac{\left(\color{blue}{\left(d \cdot d\right)} \cdot c0\right) \cdot 2}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} \]
      8. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \frac{\left(\color{blue}{\left(d \cdot d\right)} \cdot c0\right) \cdot 2}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} \]
      9. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \frac{\left(\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0\right) \cdot 2}{\color{blue}{\left({D}^{2} \cdot h\right) \cdot w}} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \frac{\left(\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0\right) \cdot 2}{\color{blue}{\left({D}^{2} \cdot h\right) \cdot w}} \]
      11. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \frac{\left(\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0\right) \cdot 2}{\color{blue}{\left({D}^{2} \cdot h\right)} \cdot w} \]
      12. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \frac{\left(\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0\right) \cdot 2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot h\right) \cdot w} \]
      13. lower-*.f6473.4

        \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \frac{\left(\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0\right) \cdot 2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot h\right) \cdot w} \]
    5. Applied rewrites73.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0\right) \cdot 2}{\left(\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot h\right) \cdot w}} \]

    if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M)))))

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} \]
      2. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w}} \]
      3. distribute-lft1-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 + 1\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
      5. mul0-lftN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{0}\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
      6. mul0-rgtN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
      7. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0}}{w} \]
      8. div038.8

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
    5. Applied rewrites38.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification49.1%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} - M \cdot M} + \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0\right) \cdot 2}{\left(\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot h\right) \cdot w} \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 52.1% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M} + t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{d}{\left(h \cdot w\right) \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{D \cdot D} \cdot d\right)\right) \cdot c0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* (* d d) c0) (* (* D D) (* h w)))))
   (if (<=
        (* (+ (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M))) t_0) (/ c0 (* w 2.0)))
        INFINITY)
     (* (* (/ d (* (* h w) w)) (* (/ c0 (* D D)) d)) c0)
     0.0)))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
	double tmp;
	if (((sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = ((d / ((h * w) * w)) * ((c0 / (D * D)) * d)) * c0;
	} else {
		tmp = 0.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
	double tmp;
	if (((Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = ((d / ((h * w) * w)) * ((c0 / (D * D)) * d)) * c0;
	} else {
		tmp = 0.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w))
	tmp = 0
	if ((math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= math.inf:
		tmp = ((d / ((h * w) * w)) * ((c0 / (D * D)) * d)) * c0
	else:
		tmp = 0.0
	return tmp
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(d * d) * c0) / Float64(Float64(D * D) * Float64(h * w)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M))) + t_0) * Float64(c0 / Float64(w * 2.0))) <= Inf)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(d / Float64(Float64(h * w) * w)) * Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(D * D)) * d)) * c0);
	else
		tmp = 0.0;
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (((sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= Inf)
		tmp = ((d / ((h * w) * w)) * ((c0 / (D * D)) * d)) * c0;
	else
		tmp = 0.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision] * c0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c0 / N[(w * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], Infinity], N[(N[(N[(d / N[(N[(h * w), $MachinePrecision] * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c0 / N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * c0), $MachinePrecision], 0.0]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M} + t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\frac{d}{\left(h \cdot w\right) \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{D \cdot D} \cdot d\right)\right) \cdot c0\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) < +inf.0

    1. Initial program 83.2%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in w around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot {w}^{2}\right)}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2}}{{D}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}}} \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2}}{{D}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}}} \]
      3. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{c0 \cdot c0}}{{D}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
      4. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{{D}^{2}}\right)} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
      5. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{{D}^{2}}\right)} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
      6. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{{D}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{\color{blue}{D \cdot D}}\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
      8. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{\color{blue}{D \cdot D}}\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
      9. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{d \cdot d}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
      10. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(d \cdot \frac{d}{h \cdot {w}^{2}}\right)} \]
      11. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(d \cdot \frac{d}{h \cdot {w}^{2}}\right)} \]
      12. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{d}{h \cdot {w}^{2}}}\right) \]
      13. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\color{blue}{{w}^{2} \cdot h}}\right) \]
      14. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\color{blue}{{w}^{2} \cdot h}}\right) \]
      15. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\color{blue}{\left(w \cdot w\right)} \cdot h}\right) \]
      16. lower-*.f6465.4

        \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\color{blue}{\left(w \cdot w\right)} \cdot h}\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites65.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\left(w \cdot w\right) \cdot h}\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites66.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \color{blue}{w}}\right) \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites72.0%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{c0}{D \cdot D} \cdot d\right) \cdot \frac{d}{\left(h \cdot w\right) \cdot w}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{c0} \]

        if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M)))))

        1. Initial program 0.0%

          \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} \]
          2. associate-*l/N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w}} \]
          3. distribute-lft1-inN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 + 1\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
          4. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
          5. mul0-lftN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{0}\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
          6. mul0-rgtN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
          7. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0}}{w} \]
          8. div038.8

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
        5. Applied rewrites38.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      4. Final simplification48.6%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} - M \cdot M} + \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{d}{\left(h \cdot w\right) \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{D \cdot D} \cdot d\right)\right) \cdot c0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \]
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 5: 50.9% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M} + t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{d}{\left(h \cdot w\right) \cdot w} \cdot d\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{D \cdot D} \cdot c0\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_0 (/ (* (* d d) c0) (* (* D D) (* h w)))))
         (if (<=
              (* (+ (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M))) t_0) (/ c0 (* w 2.0)))
              INFINITY)
           (* (* (/ d (* (* h w) w)) d) (* (/ c0 (* D D)) c0))
           0.0)))
      double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
      	double t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
      	double tmp;
      	if (((sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
      		tmp = ((d / ((h * w) * w)) * d) * ((c0 / (D * D)) * c0);
      	} else {
      		tmp = 0.0;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
      	double t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
      	double tmp;
      	if (((Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
      		tmp = ((d / ((h * w) * w)) * d) * ((c0 / (D * D)) * c0);
      	} else {
      		tmp = 0.0;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
      	t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w))
      	tmp = 0
      	if ((math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= math.inf:
      		tmp = ((d / ((h * w) * w)) * d) * ((c0 / (D * D)) * c0)
      	else:
      		tmp = 0.0
      	return tmp
      
      function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
      	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(d * d) * c0) / Float64(Float64(D * D) * Float64(h * w)))
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M))) + t_0) * Float64(c0 / Float64(w * 2.0))) <= Inf)
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(d / Float64(Float64(h * w) * w)) * d) * Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(D * D)) * c0));
      	else
      		tmp = 0.0;
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
      	t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if (((sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= Inf)
      		tmp = ((d / ((h * w) * w)) * d) * ((c0 / (D * D)) * c0);
      	else
      		tmp = 0.0;
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision] * c0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c0 / N[(w * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], Infinity], N[(N[(N[(d / N[(N[(h * w), $MachinePrecision] * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * d), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c0 / N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * c0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.0]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\
      \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M} + t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\
      \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{d}{\left(h \cdot w\right) \cdot w} \cdot d\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{D \cdot D} \cdot c0\right)\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;0\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) < +inf.0

        1. Initial program 83.2%

          \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in w around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot {w}^{2}\right)}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. times-fracN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2}}{{D}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}}} \]
          2. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2}}{{D}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}}} \]
          3. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{c0 \cdot c0}}{{D}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
          4. associate-/l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{{D}^{2}}\right)} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
          5. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{{D}^{2}}\right)} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
          6. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{{D}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
          7. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{\color{blue}{D \cdot D}}\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
          8. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{\color{blue}{D \cdot D}}\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
          9. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{d \cdot d}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
          10. associate-/l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(d \cdot \frac{d}{h \cdot {w}^{2}}\right)} \]
          11. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(d \cdot \frac{d}{h \cdot {w}^{2}}\right)} \]
          12. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{d}{h \cdot {w}^{2}}}\right) \]
          13. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\color{blue}{{w}^{2} \cdot h}}\right) \]
          14. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\color{blue}{{w}^{2} \cdot h}}\right) \]
          15. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\color{blue}{\left(w \cdot w\right)} \cdot h}\right) \]
          16. lower-*.f6465.4

            \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\color{blue}{\left(w \cdot w\right)} \cdot h}\right) \]
        5. Applied rewrites65.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\left(w \cdot w\right) \cdot h}\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites66.7%

            \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \color{blue}{w}}\right) \]

          if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M)))))

          1. Initial program 0.0%

            \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} \]
            2. associate-*l/N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w}} \]
            3. distribute-lft1-inN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 + 1\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
            4. metadata-evalN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
            5. mul0-lftN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{0}\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
            6. mul0-rgtN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
            7. metadata-evalN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0}}{w} \]
            8. div038.8

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
          5. Applied rewrites38.8%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
        7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        8. Final simplification47.1%

          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} - M \cdot M} + \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{d}{\left(h \cdot w\right) \cdot w} \cdot d\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{D \cdot D} \cdot c0\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \]
        9. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 6: 33.5% accurate, 156.0× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0 \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (c0 w h D d M) :precision binary64 0.0)
        double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
        	return 0.0;
        }
        
        real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
            real(8), intent (in) :: c0
            real(8), intent (in) :: w
            real(8), intent (in) :: h
            real(8), intent (in) :: d
            real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
            real(8), intent (in) :: m
            code = 0.0d0
        end function
        
        public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
        	return 0.0;
        }
        
        def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
        	return 0.0
        
        function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
        	return 0.0
        end
        
        function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
        	tmp = 0.0;
        end
        
        code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := 0.0
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        0
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 24.7%

          \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} \]
          2. associate-*l/N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w}} \]
          3. distribute-lft1-inN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 + 1\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
          4. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
          5. mul0-lftN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\left({c0}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{0}\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
          6. mul0-rgtN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{w} \]
          7. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0}}{w} \]
          8. div033.2

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
        5. Applied rewrites33.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
        6. Add Preprocessing

        Reproduce

        ?
        herbie shell --seed 2024276 
        (FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
          :name "Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (13)"
          :precision binary64
          (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D))) (sqrt (- (* (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D))) (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))) (* M M))))))