
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (/ 1.0 (+ x 1.0)) (/ 1.0 (- x 1.0))))
double code(double x) {
return (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / (x - 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (1.0d0 / (x + 1.0d0)) - (1.0d0 / (x - 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / (x - 1.0));
}
def code(x): return (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / (x - 1.0))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(x + 1.0)) - Float64(1.0 / Float64(x - 1.0))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / (x - 1.0)); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x - 1}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 5 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (/ 1.0 (+ x 1.0)) (/ 1.0 (- x 1.0))))
double code(double x) {
return (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / (x - 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (1.0d0 / (x + 1.0d0)) - (1.0d0 / (x - 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / (x - 1.0));
}
def code(x): return (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / (x - 1.0))
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(x + 1.0)) - Float64(1.0 / Float64(x - 1.0))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / (x - 1.0)); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x - 1}
\end{array}
x_m = (fabs.f64 x) (FPCore (x_m) :precision binary64 (/ (/ -2.0 (- x_m 1.0)) (- x_m -1.0)))
x_m = fabs(x);
double code(double x_m) {
return (-2.0 / (x_m - 1.0)) / (x_m - -1.0);
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(8) function code(x_m)
real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
code = ((-2.0d0) / (x_m - 1.0d0)) / (x_m - (-1.0d0))
end function
x_m = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x_m) {
return (-2.0 / (x_m - 1.0)) / (x_m - -1.0);
}
x_m = math.fabs(x) def code(x_m): return (-2.0 / (x_m - 1.0)) / (x_m - -1.0)
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m) return Float64(Float64(-2.0 / Float64(x_m - 1.0)) / Float64(x_m - -1.0)) end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m) tmp = (-2.0 / (x_m - 1.0)) / (x_m - -1.0); end
x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision] code[x$95$m_] := N[(N[(-2.0 / N[(x$95$m - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x$95$m - -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\frac{\frac{-2}{x\_m - 1}}{x\_m - -1}
\end{array}
Initial program 80.8%
lift--.f64N/A
lift-/.f64N/A
lift-/.f64N/A
frac-subN/A
*-commutativeN/A
associate-/r*N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
*-lft-identityN/A
*-rgt-identityN/A
lift-+.f64N/A
associate--r+N/A
lower--.f64N/A
lower--.f6483.5
lift-+.f64N/A
metadata-evalN/A
sub-negN/A
lower--.f6483.5
Applied rewrites83.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
Applied rewrites99.9%
x_m = (fabs.f64 x) (FPCore (x_m) :precision binary64 (if (<= (- (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 x_m)) (/ 1.0 (- x_m 1.0))) 0.0) (/ -2.0 (* x_m x_m)) (fma (* x_m x_m) 2.0 2.0)))
x_m = fabs(x);
double code(double x_m) {
double tmp;
if (((1.0 / (1.0 + x_m)) - (1.0 / (x_m - 1.0))) <= 0.0) {
tmp = -2.0 / (x_m * x_m);
} else {
tmp = fma((x_m * x_m), 2.0, 2.0);
}
return tmp;
}
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + x_m)) - Float64(1.0 / Float64(x_m - 1.0))) <= 0.0) tmp = Float64(-2.0 / Float64(x_m * x_m)); else tmp = fma(Float64(x_m * x_m), 2.0, 2.0); end return tmp end
x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision] code[x$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + x$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / N[(x$95$m - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.0], N[(-2.0 / N[(x$95$m * x$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(x$95$m * x$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0 + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{1}{1 + x\_m} - \frac{1}{x\_m - 1} \leq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-2}{x\_m \cdot x\_m}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x\_m \cdot x\_m, 2, 2\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (-.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (-.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)))) < 0.0Initial program 61.0%
Taylor expanded in x around inf
lower-/.f64N/A
unpow2N/A
lower-*.f6497.9
Applied rewrites97.9%
if 0.0 < (-.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (+.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64))) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (-.f64 x #s(literal 1 binary64)))) Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
+-commutativeN/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-fma.f64N/A
unpow2N/A
lower-*.f6499.6
Applied rewrites99.6%
Final simplification98.7%
x_m = (fabs.f64 x) (FPCore (x_m) :precision binary64 (/ -2.0 (fma x_m x_m -1.0)))
x_m = fabs(x);
double code(double x_m) {
return -2.0 / fma(x_m, x_m, -1.0);
}
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m) return Float64(-2.0 / fma(x_m, x_m, -1.0)) end
x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision] code[x$95$m_] := N[(-2.0 / N[(x$95$m * x$95$m + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\frac{-2}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x\_m, x\_m, -1\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 80.8%
lift--.f64N/A
lift-/.f64N/A
lift-/.f64N/A
frac-subN/A
lift-+.f64N/A
lift--.f64N/A
difference-of-sqr-1N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f64N/A
*-lft-identityN/A
*-rgt-identityN/A
lift-+.f64N/A
associate--r+N/A
lower--.f64N/A
lower--.f64N/A
metadata-evalN/A
sub-negN/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-fma.f6483.4
Applied rewrites83.4%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
Applied rewrites99.2%
x_m = (fabs.f64 x) (FPCore (x_m) :precision binary64 (/ 2.0 (- x_m -1.0)))
x_m = fabs(x);
double code(double x_m) {
return 2.0 / (x_m - -1.0);
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(8) function code(x_m)
real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
code = 2.0d0 / (x_m - (-1.0d0))
end function
x_m = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x_m) {
return 2.0 / (x_m - -1.0);
}
x_m = math.fabs(x) def code(x_m): return 2.0 / (x_m - -1.0)
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m) return Float64(2.0 / Float64(x_m - -1.0)) end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m) tmp = 2.0 / (x_m - -1.0); end
x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision] code[x$95$m_] := N[(2.0 / N[(x$95$m - -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
\frac{2}{x\_m - -1}
\end{array}
Initial program 80.8%
lift--.f64N/A
lift-/.f64N/A
lift-/.f64N/A
frac-subN/A
*-commutativeN/A
associate-/r*N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
*-lft-identityN/A
*-rgt-identityN/A
lift-+.f64N/A
associate--r+N/A
lower--.f64N/A
lower--.f6483.5
lift-+.f64N/A
metadata-evalN/A
sub-negN/A
lower--.f6483.5
Applied rewrites83.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
Applied rewrites52.2%
x_m = (fabs.f64 x) (FPCore (x_m) :precision binary64 2.0)
x_m = fabs(x);
double code(double x_m) {
return 2.0;
}
x_m = abs(x)
real(8) function code(x_m)
real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
code = 2.0d0
end function
x_m = Math.abs(x);
public static double code(double x_m) {
return 2.0;
}
x_m = math.fabs(x) def code(x_m): return 2.0
x_m = abs(x) function code(x_m) return 2.0 end
x_m = abs(x); function tmp = code(x_m) tmp = 2.0; end
x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision] code[x$95$m_] := 2.0
\begin{array}{l}
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
2
\end{array}
Initial program 80.8%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
Applied rewrites51.5%
herbie shell --seed 2024271
(FPCore (x)
:name "Asymptote A"
:precision binary64
(- (/ 1.0 (+ x 1.0)) (/ 1.0 (- x 1.0))))