Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 25.4% → 93.7%
Time: 24.3s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 40.5×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 25.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 93.7% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := a \cdot \frac{\frac{b}{y-scale}}{x-scale}\\ \left(-4 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_0 \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* a (/ (/ b y-scale) x-scale)))) (* (* -4.0 t_0) t_0)))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = a * ((b / y_45_scale) / x_45_scale);
	return (-4.0 * t_0) * t_0;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = a * ((b / y_45scale) / x_45scale)
    code = ((-4.0d0) * t_0) * t_0
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = a * ((b / y_45_scale) / x_45_scale);
	return (-4.0 * t_0) * t_0;
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = a * ((b / y_45_scale) / x_45_scale)
	return (-4.0 * t_0) * t_0
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(a * Float64(Float64(b / y_45_scale) / x_45_scale))
	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * t_0) * t_0)
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = a * ((b / y_45_scale) / x_45_scale);
	tmp = (-4.0 * t_0) * t_0;
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(a * N[(N[(b / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(-4.0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := a \cdot \frac{\frac{b}{y-scale}}{x-scale}\\
\left(-4 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_0
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 24.7%

    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    2. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    3. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    4. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    5. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    6. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    7. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
    9. times-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    10. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    11. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    12. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    13. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    14. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
    15. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
    16. lower-*.f6460.2

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
  5. Applied rewrites60.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites79.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites95.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(a \cdot \frac{\frac{b}{y-scale}}{x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot -4} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites96.0%

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{b}{y-scale}}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{\frac{b}{y-scale}}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)} \]
        2. Final simplification96.0%

          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot \frac{\frac{b}{y-scale}}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \frac{\frac{b}{y-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \]
        3. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 2: 77.7% accurate, 26.8× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\\ t_1 := \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.45 \cdot 10^{-110}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 2.5 \cdot 10^{+143}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{b}{x-scale}}{\left(\frac{x-scale}{b} \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
         :precision binary64
         (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* x-scale y-scale))) (t_1 (* (* a a) -4.0)))
           (if (<= b 1.45e-110)
             (* (* t_0 t_0) t_1)
             (if (<= b 2.5e+143)
               (*
                (* b b)
                (* (/ a (* x-scale y-scale)) (/ (* -4.0 a) (* x-scale y-scale))))
               (* (/ (/ b x-scale) (* (* (/ x-scale b) y-scale) y-scale)) t_1)))))
        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
        	double t_0 = b / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale);
        	double t_1 = (a * a) * -4.0;
        	double tmp;
        	if (b <= 1.45e-110) {
        		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * t_1;
        	} else if (b <= 2.5e+143) {
        		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)));
        	} else {
        		tmp = ((b / x_45_scale) / (((x_45_scale / b) * y_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * t_1;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
            real(8), intent (in) :: a
            real(8), intent (in) :: b
            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
            real(8) :: t_0
            real(8) :: t_1
            real(8) :: tmp
            t_0 = b / (x_45scale * y_45scale)
            t_1 = (a * a) * (-4.0d0)
            if (b <= 1.45d-110) then
                tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * t_1
            else if (b <= 2.5d+143) then
                tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (x_45scale * y_45scale)) * (((-4.0d0) * a) / (x_45scale * y_45scale)))
            else
                tmp = ((b / x_45scale) / (((x_45scale / b) * y_45scale) * y_45scale)) * t_1
            end if
            code = tmp
        end function
        
        public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
        	double t_0 = b / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale);
        	double t_1 = (a * a) * -4.0;
        	double tmp;
        	if (b <= 1.45e-110) {
        		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * t_1;
        	} else if (b <= 2.5e+143) {
        		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)));
        	} else {
        		tmp = ((b / x_45_scale) / (((x_45_scale / b) * y_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * t_1;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
        	t_0 = b / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)
        	t_1 = (a * a) * -4.0
        	tmp = 0
        	if b <= 1.45e-110:
        		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * t_1
        	elif b <= 2.5e+143:
        		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)))
        	else:
        		tmp = ((b / x_45_scale) / (((x_45_scale / b) * y_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * t_1
        	return tmp
        
        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
        	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale))
        	t_1 = Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0)
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (b <= 1.45e-110)
        		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) * t_1);
        	elseif (b <= 2.5e+143)
        		tmp = Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(Float64(a / Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale))));
        	else
        		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(b / x_45_scale) / Float64(Float64(Float64(x_45_scale / b) * y_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * t_1);
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
        	t_0 = b / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale);
        	t_1 = (a * a) * -4.0;
        	tmp = 0.0;
        	if (b <= 1.45e-110)
        		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * t_1;
        	elseif (b <= 2.5e+143)
        		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)));
        	else
        		tmp = ((b / x_45_scale) / (((x_45_scale / b) * y_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * t_1;
        	end
        	tmp_2 = tmp;
        end
        
        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, 1.45e-110], N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 2.5e+143], N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a / N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(b / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(x$45$scale / b), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        t_0 := \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\\
        t_1 := \left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\\
        \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.45 \cdot 10^{-110}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_1\\
        
        \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 2.5 \cdot 10^{+143}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{b}{x-scale}}{\left(\frac{x-scale}{b} \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot t\_1\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 3 regimes
        2. if b < 1.4500000000000001e-110

          1. Initial program 30.7%

            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. associate-/l*N/A

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
            2. associate-*r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
            3. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
            4. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            5. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            6. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            7. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            8. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
            9. times-fracN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
            10. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
            11. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
            12. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
            13. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
            14. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
            15. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
            16. lower-*.f6456.6

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
          5. Applied rewrites56.6%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites75.5%

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]

            if 1.4500000000000001e-110 < b < 2.50000000000000006e143

            1. Initial program 19.6%

              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
            4. Applied rewrites55.5%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
            5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
            6. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites84.1%

                \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
              2. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites93.1%

                  \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot -4}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]

                if 2.50000000000000006e143 < b

                1. Initial program 3.4%

                  \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. associate-/l*N/A

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                  2. associate-*r*N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                  3. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                  4. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                  5. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                  6. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                  7. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                  8. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                  9. times-fracN/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                  10. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                  11. lower-/.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                  12. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                  13. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                  14. lower-/.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                  15. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                  16. lower-*.f6472.7

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                5. Applied rewrites72.7%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                6. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites86.8%

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites86.8%

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{b}{x-scale}}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot \frac{x-scale}{b}\right) \cdot y-scale}} \]
                  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                  4. Final simplification81.3%

                    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.45 \cdot 10^{-110}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 2.5 \cdot 10^{+143}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{b}{x-scale}}{\left(\frac{x-scale}{b} \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                  5. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 3: 77.7% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.45 \cdot 10^{-110} \lor \neg \left(b \leq 2.5 \cdot 10^{+143}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                  (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                   :precision binary64
                   (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* x-scale y-scale))))
                     (if (or (<= b 1.45e-110) (not (<= b 2.5e+143)))
                       (* (* t_0 t_0) (* (* a a) -4.0))
                       (*
                        (* b b)
                        (* (/ a (* x-scale y-scale)) (/ (* -4.0 a) (* x-scale y-scale)))))))
                  double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                  	double t_0 = b / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale);
                  	double tmp;
                  	if ((b <= 1.45e-110) || !(b <= 2.5e+143)) {
                  		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                  	} else {
                  		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)));
                  	}
                  	return tmp;
                  }
                  
                  real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: a
                      real(8), intent (in) :: b
                      real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                      real(8) :: t_0
                      real(8) :: tmp
                      t_0 = b / (x_45scale * y_45scale)
                      if ((b <= 1.45d-110) .or. (.not. (b <= 2.5d+143))) then
                          tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                      else
                          tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (x_45scale * y_45scale)) * (((-4.0d0) * a) / (x_45scale * y_45scale)))
                      end if
                      code = tmp
                  end function
                  
                  public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                  	double t_0 = b / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale);
                  	double tmp;
                  	if ((b <= 1.45e-110) || !(b <= 2.5e+143)) {
                  		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                  	} else {
                  		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)));
                  	}
                  	return tmp;
                  }
                  
                  def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                  	t_0 = b / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)
                  	tmp = 0
                  	if (b <= 1.45e-110) or not (b <= 2.5e+143):
                  		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                  	else:
                  		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)))
                  	return tmp
                  
                  function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                  	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale))
                  	tmp = 0.0
                  	if ((b <= 1.45e-110) || !(b <= 2.5e+143))
                  		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0));
                  	else
                  		tmp = Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(Float64(a / Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale))));
                  	end
                  	return tmp
                  end
                  
                  function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                  	t_0 = b / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale);
                  	tmp = 0.0;
                  	if ((b <= 1.45e-110) || ~((b <= 2.5e+143)))
                  		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                  	else
                  		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)));
                  	end
                  	tmp_2 = tmp;
                  end
                  
                  code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Or[LessEqual[b, 1.45e-110], N[Not[LessEqual[b, 2.5e+143]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a / N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  
                  \\
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  t_0 := \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\\
                  \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.45 \cdot 10^{-110} \lor \neg \left(b \leq 2.5 \cdot 10^{+143}\right):\\
                  \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
                  
                  \mathbf{else}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\\
                  
                  
                  \end{array}
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Split input into 2 regimes
                  2. if b < 1.4500000000000001e-110 or 2.50000000000000006e143 < b

                    1. Initial program 26.5%

                      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. associate-/l*N/A

                        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                      2. associate-*r*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      3. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      4. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      5. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      6. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      7. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      8. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      9. times-fracN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                      10. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                      11. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                      12. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                      13. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                      14. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                      15. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                      16. lower-*.f6459.0

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                    5. Applied rewrites59.0%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites77.2%

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]

                      if 1.4500000000000001e-110 < b < 2.50000000000000006e143

                      1. Initial program 19.6%

                        \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                      4. Applied rewrites55.5%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                      5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                      6. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites84.1%

                          \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                        2. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites93.1%

                            \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot -4}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                        3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                        4. Final simplification81.3%

                          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.45 \cdot 10^{-110} \lor \neg \left(b \leq 2.5 \cdot 10^{+143}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                        5. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 4: 77.7% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\\ t_1 := t\_0 \cdot t\_0\\ \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.45 \cdot 10^{-110}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 2.5 \cdot 10^{+143}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                         :precision binary64
                         (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* x-scale y-scale))) (t_1 (* t_0 t_0)))
                           (if (<= b 1.45e-110)
                             (* t_1 (* (* a a) -4.0))
                             (if (<= b 2.5e+143)
                               (*
                                (* b b)
                                (* (/ a (* x-scale y-scale)) (/ (* -4.0 a) (* x-scale y-scale))))
                               (* (* (* -4.0 a) a) t_1)))))
                        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                        	double t_0 = b / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale);
                        	double t_1 = t_0 * t_0;
                        	double tmp;
                        	if (b <= 1.45e-110) {
                        		tmp = t_1 * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                        	} else if (b <= 2.5e+143) {
                        		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)));
                        	} else {
                        		tmp = ((-4.0 * a) * a) * t_1;
                        	}
                        	return tmp;
                        }
                        
                        real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                            real(8), intent (in) :: b
                            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                            real(8) :: t_0
                            real(8) :: t_1
                            real(8) :: tmp
                            t_0 = b / (x_45scale * y_45scale)
                            t_1 = t_0 * t_0
                            if (b <= 1.45d-110) then
                                tmp = t_1 * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                            else if (b <= 2.5d+143) then
                                tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (x_45scale * y_45scale)) * (((-4.0d0) * a) / (x_45scale * y_45scale)))
                            else
                                tmp = (((-4.0d0) * a) * a) * t_1
                            end if
                            code = tmp
                        end function
                        
                        public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                        	double t_0 = b / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale);
                        	double t_1 = t_0 * t_0;
                        	double tmp;
                        	if (b <= 1.45e-110) {
                        		tmp = t_1 * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                        	} else if (b <= 2.5e+143) {
                        		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)));
                        	} else {
                        		tmp = ((-4.0 * a) * a) * t_1;
                        	}
                        	return tmp;
                        }
                        
                        def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                        	t_0 = b / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)
                        	t_1 = t_0 * t_0
                        	tmp = 0
                        	if b <= 1.45e-110:
                        		tmp = t_1 * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                        	elif b <= 2.5e+143:
                        		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)))
                        	else:
                        		tmp = ((-4.0 * a) * a) * t_1
                        	return tmp
                        
                        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                        	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale))
                        	t_1 = Float64(t_0 * t_0)
                        	tmp = 0.0
                        	if (b <= 1.45e-110)
                        		tmp = Float64(t_1 * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0));
                        	elseif (b <= 2.5e+143)
                        		tmp = Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(Float64(a / Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale))));
                        	else
                        		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) * a) * t_1);
                        	end
                        	return tmp
                        end
                        
                        function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                        	t_0 = b / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale);
                        	t_1 = t_0 * t_0;
                        	tmp = 0.0;
                        	if (b <= 1.45e-110)
                        		tmp = t_1 * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                        	elseif (b <= 2.5e+143)
                        		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)));
                        	else
                        		tmp = ((-4.0 * a) * a) * t_1;
                        	end
                        	tmp_2 = tmp;
                        end
                        
                        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, 1.45e-110], N[(t$95$1 * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 2.5e+143], N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a / N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        
                        \\
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        t_0 := \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\\
                        t_1 := t\_0 \cdot t\_0\\
                        \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.45 \cdot 10^{-110}:\\
                        \;\;\;\;t\_1 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
                        
                        \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 2.5 \cdot 10^{+143}:\\
                        \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\\
                        
                        \mathbf{else}:\\
                        \;\;\;\;\left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot t\_1\\
                        
                        
                        \end{array}
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Split input into 3 regimes
                        2. if b < 1.4500000000000001e-110

                          1. Initial program 30.7%

                            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. associate-/l*N/A

                              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                            2. associate-*r*N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                            3. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                            4. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                            5. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                            6. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                            7. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                            8. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                            9. times-fracN/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                            10. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                            11. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                            12. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                            13. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                            14. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                            15. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                            16. lower-*.f6456.6

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                          5. Applied rewrites56.6%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites75.5%

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]

                            if 1.4500000000000001e-110 < b < 2.50000000000000006e143

                            1. Initial program 19.6%

                              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                            4. Applied rewrites55.5%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                            5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites84.1%

                                \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                              2. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites93.1%

                                  \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot -4}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]

                                if 2.50000000000000006e143 < b

                                1. Initial program 3.4%

                                  \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. associate-/l*N/A

                                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                  2. associate-*r*N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  5. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  7. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  8. *-commutativeN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  9. times-fracN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                  10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                  11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                  12. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                  13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                  14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                  15. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                  16. lower-*.f6472.7

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                5. Applied rewrites72.7%

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                6. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites86.8%

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
                                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites87.0%

                                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \]
                                  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                                  4. Final simplification81.3%

                                    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.45 \cdot 10^{-110}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 2.5 \cdot 10^{+143}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                                  5. Add Preprocessing

                                  Alternative 5: 91.0% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

                                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\frac{b}{y-scale}}{x-scale}\\ \left(\left(\left(a \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4 \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                  (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                   :precision binary64
                                   (let* ((t_0 (/ (/ b y-scale) x-scale))) (* (* (* (* a t_0) t_0) a) -4.0)))
                                  double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                  	double t_0 = (b / y_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
                                  	return (((a * t_0) * t_0) * a) * -4.0;
                                  }
                                  
                                  real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                      real(8) :: t_0
                                      t_0 = (b / y_45scale) / x_45scale
                                      code = (((a * t_0) * t_0) * a) * (-4.0d0)
                                  end function
                                  
                                  public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                  	double t_0 = (b / y_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
                                  	return (((a * t_0) * t_0) * a) * -4.0;
                                  }
                                  
                                  def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                  	t_0 = (b / y_45_scale) / x_45_scale
                                  	return (((a * t_0) * t_0) * a) * -4.0
                                  
                                  function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                  	t_0 = Float64(Float64(b / y_45_scale) / x_45_scale)
                                  	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * t_0) * t_0) * a) * -4.0)
                                  end
                                  
                                  function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                  	t_0 = (b / y_45_scale) / x_45_scale;
                                  	tmp = (((a * t_0) * t_0) * a) * -4.0;
                                  end
                                  
                                  code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(b / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(N[(a * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]]
                                  
                                  \begin{array}{l}
                                  
                                  \\
                                  \begin{array}{l}
                                  t_0 := \frac{\frac{b}{y-scale}}{x-scale}\\
                                  \left(\left(\left(a \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4
                                  \end{array}
                                  \end{array}
                                  
                                  Derivation
                                  1. Initial program 24.7%

                                    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. associate-/l*N/A

                                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                    2. associate-*r*N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                    3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                    5. unpow2N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                    6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                    7. unpow2N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                    8. *-commutativeN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                    9. times-fracN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                    10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                    11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                    12. unpow2N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                    13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                    14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                    15. unpow2N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                    16. lower-*.f6460.2

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                  5. Applied rewrites60.2%

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites79.4%

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]
                                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. Applied rewrites95.9%

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(a \cdot \frac{\frac{b}{y-scale}}{x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot -4} \]
                                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. Applied rewrites93.7%

                                          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(\frac{\frac{b}{y-scale}}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{b}{y-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                        2. Final simplification93.7%

                                          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(a \cdot \frac{\frac{b}{y-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{b}{y-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                        3. Add Preprocessing

                                        Alternative 6: 63.2% accurate, 32.3× speedup?

                                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x-scale \leq 1.1 \cdot 10^{-152}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                         :precision binary64
                                         (if (<= x-scale 1.1e-152)
                                           (* (/ (* b b) (* (* x-scale y-scale) (* x-scale y-scale))) (* (* a a) -4.0))
                                           (*
                                            (* (/ a (* (* x-scale x-scale) y-scale)) (/ (* -4.0 a) y-scale))
                                            (* b b))))
                                        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                        	double tmp;
                                        	if (x_45_scale <= 1.1e-152) {
                                        		tmp = ((b * b) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * y_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                        	} else {
                                        		tmp = ((a / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / y_45_scale)) * (b * b);
                                        	}
                                        	return tmp;
                                        }
                                        
                                        real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                            real(8) :: tmp
                                            if (x_45scale <= 1.1d-152) then
                                                tmp = ((b * b) / ((x_45scale * y_45scale) * (x_45scale * y_45scale))) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                                            else
                                                tmp = ((a / ((x_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale)) * (((-4.0d0) * a) / y_45scale)) * (b * b)
                                            end if
                                            code = tmp
                                        end function
                                        
                                        public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                        	double tmp;
                                        	if (x_45_scale <= 1.1e-152) {
                                        		tmp = ((b * b) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * y_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                        	} else {
                                        		tmp = ((a / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / y_45_scale)) * (b * b);
                                        	}
                                        	return tmp;
                                        }
                                        
                                        def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                        	tmp = 0
                                        	if x_45_scale <= 1.1e-152:
                                        		tmp = ((b * b) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * y_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                                        	else:
                                        		tmp = ((a / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / y_45_scale)) * (b * b)
                                        	return tmp
                                        
                                        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                        	tmp = 0.0
                                        	if (x_45_scale <= 1.1e-152)
                                        		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) / Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale) * Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale))) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0));
                                        	else
                                        		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(a / Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / y_45_scale)) * Float64(b * b));
                                        	end
                                        	return tmp
                                        end
                                        
                                        function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                        	tmp = 0.0;
                                        	if (x_45_scale <= 1.1e-152)
                                        		tmp = ((b * b) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * y_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                        	else
                                        		tmp = ((a / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / y_45_scale)) * (b * b);
                                        	end
                                        	tmp_2 = tmp;
                                        end
                                        
                                        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := If[LessEqual[x$45$scale, 1.1e-152], N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(a / N[(N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                                        
                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                        
                                        \\
                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                        \mathbf{if}\;x-scale \leq 1.1 \cdot 10^{-152}:\\
                                        \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
                                        
                                        \mathbf{else}:\\
                                        \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
                                        
                                        
                                        \end{array}
                                        \end{array}
                                        
                                        Derivation
                                        1. Split input into 2 regimes
                                        2. if x-scale < 1.09999999999999992e-152

                                          1. Initial program 22.4%

                                            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                          2. Add Preprocessing
                                          3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. associate-/l*N/A

                                              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                            2. associate-*r*N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                            3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                            4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                            5. unpow2N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                            6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                            7. unpow2N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                            8. *-commutativeN/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                            9. times-fracN/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                            10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                            11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                            12. unpow2N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                            13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                            14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                            15. unpow2N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                            16. lower-*.f6457.9

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                          5. Applied rewrites57.9%

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                          6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          7. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. Applied rewrites63.2%

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]

                                            if 1.09999999999999992e-152 < x-scale

                                            1. Initial program 28.7%

                                              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                            2. Add Preprocessing
                                            3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                            4. Applied rewrites49.7%

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                            5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. Applied rewrites65.5%

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                              2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. Applied rewrites70.0%

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot -4}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                              3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                              4. Final simplification65.7%

                                                \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x-scale \leq 1.1 \cdot 10^{-152}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                                              5. Add Preprocessing

                                              Alternative 7: 75.6% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                                              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \end{array} \]
                                              (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                               :precision binary64
                                               (* (* b b) (* (/ a (* x-scale y-scale)) (/ (* -4.0 a) (* x-scale y-scale)))))
                                              double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                              	return (b * b) * ((a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)));
                                              }
                                              
                                              real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                  code = (b * b) * ((a / (x_45scale * y_45scale)) * (((-4.0d0) * a) / (x_45scale * y_45scale)))
                                              end function
                                              
                                              public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                              	return (b * b) * ((a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)));
                                              }
                                              
                                              def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                              	return (b * b) * ((a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)))
                                              
                                              function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                              	return Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(Float64(a / Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale))))
                                              end
                                              
                                              function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                              	tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)));
                                              end
                                              
                                              code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a / N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                              
                                              \begin{array}{l}
                                              
                                              \\
                                              \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)
                                              \end{array}
                                              
                                              Derivation
                                              1. Initial program 24.7%

                                                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                              2. Add Preprocessing
                                              3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                              4. Applied rewrites48.8%

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                              5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                              6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. Applied rewrites63.3%

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. Applied rewrites75.1%

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot -4}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                  2. Final simplification75.1%

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \]
                                                  3. Add Preprocessing

                                                  Alternative 8: 61.3% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \end{array} \]
                                                  (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                   :precision binary64
                                                   (* (/ (* (* a a) -4.0) (* (* x-scale y-scale) (* x-scale y-scale))) (* b b)))
                                                  double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                  	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * y_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                  }
                                                  
                                                  real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                      code = (((a * a) * (-4.0d0)) / ((x_45scale * y_45scale) * (x_45scale * y_45scale))) * (b * b)
                                                  end function
                                                  
                                                  public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                  	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * y_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                  }
                                                  
                                                  def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                  	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * y_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                                                  
                                                  function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                  	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0) / Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale) * Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b))
                                                  end
                                                  
                                                  function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                  	tmp = (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((x_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * y_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                  end
                                                  
                                                  code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                  
                                                  \begin{array}{l}
                                                  
                                                  \\
                                                  \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)
                                                  \end{array}
                                                  
                                                  Derivation
                                                  1. Initial program 24.7%

                                                    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                                  3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                  4. Applied rewrites48.8%

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                                  5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                    1. Applied rewrites63.3%

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                    2. Final simplification63.3%

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                    3. Add Preprocessing

                                                    Reproduce

                                                    ?
                                                    herbie shell --seed 2024271 
                                                    (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                      :name "Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse"
                                                      :precision binary64
                                                      (- (* (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale) (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale)) (* (* 4.0 (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale)) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))))