Beckmann Distribution sample, tan2theta, alphax == alphay

Percentage Accurate: 55.2% → 75.2%
Time: 6.8s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 10.5×

Specification

?
\[\left(0.0001 \leq \alpha \land \alpha \leq 1\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u0 \land u0 \leq 1\right)\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (alpha u0)
 :precision binary32
 (* (* (- alpha) alpha) (log (- 1.0 u0))))
float code(float alpha, float u0) {
	return (-alpha * alpha) * logf((1.0f - u0));
}
real(4) function code(alpha, u0)
    real(4), intent (in) :: alpha
    real(4), intent (in) :: u0
    code = (-alpha * alpha) * log((1.0e0 - u0))
end function
function code(alpha, u0)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(-alpha) * alpha) * log(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0)))
end
function tmp = code(alpha, u0)
	tmp = (-alpha * alpha) * log((single(1.0) - u0));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 55.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (alpha u0)
 :precision binary32
 (* (* (- alpha) alpha) (log (- 1.0 u0))))
float code(float alpha, float u0) {
	return (-alpha * alpha) * logf((1.0f - u0));
}
real(4) function code(alpha, u0)
    real(4), intent (in) :: alpha
    real(4), intent (in) :: u0
    code = (-alpha * alpha) * log((1.0e0 - u0))
end function
function code(alpha, u0)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(-alpha) * alpha) * log(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0)))
end
function tmp = code(alpha, u0)
	tmp = (-alpha * alpha) * log((single(1.0) - u0));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 75.2% accurate, 10.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot u0 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (alpha u0) :precision binary32 (* (* alpha alpha) u0))
float code(float alpha, float u0) {
	return (alpha * alpha) * u0;
}
real(4) function code(alpha, u0)
    real(4), intent (in) :: alpha
    real(4), intent (in) :: u0
    code = (alpha * alpha) * u0
end function
function code(alpha, u0)
	return Float32(Float32(alpha * alpha) * u0)
end
function tmp = code(alpha, u0)
	tmp = (alpha * alpha) * u0;
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot u0
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 54.3%

    \[\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\alpha}^{2} \cdot u0} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{u0 \cdot {\alpha}^{2}} \]
    2. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{u0 \cdot {\alpha}^{2}} \]
    3. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto u0 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)} \]
    4. lower-*.f3276.1

      \[\leadsto u0 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)} \]
  5. Applied rewrites76.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{u0 \cdot \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)} \]
  6. Final simplification76.1%

    \[\leadsto \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot u0 \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 49.8% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;u0 \leq 0.00015999999595806003:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u0, 1\right) \cdot u0 - \left(-u0\right) \cdot u0\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha}{\alpha} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (alpha u0)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= u0 0.00015999999595806003)
   (* (* (- (* (fma -0.5 u0 1.0) u0) (* (- u0) u0)) alpha) alpha)
   (* (/ (* (* (- alpha) alpha) alpha) alpha) (log (- 1.0 u0)))))
float code(float alpha, float u0) {
	float tmp;
	if (u0 <= 0.00015999999595806003f) {
		tmp = (((fmaf(-0.5f, u0, 1.0f) * u0) - (-u0 * u0)) * alpha) * alpha;
	} else {
		tmp = (((-alpha * alpha) * alpha) / alpha) * logf((1.0f - u0));
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(alpha, u0)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (u0 <= Float32(0.00015999999595806003))
		tmp = Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(fma(Float32(-0.5), u0, Float32(1.0)) * u0) - Float32(Float32(-u0) * u0)) * alpha) * alpha);
	else
		tmp = Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(-alpha) * alpha) * alpha) / alpha) * log(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0)));
	end
	return tmp
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;u0 \leq 0.00015999999595806003:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u0, 1\right) \cdot u0 - \left(-u0\right) \cdot u0\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha}{\alpha} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if u0 < 1.59999996e-4

    1. Initial program 34.7%

      \[\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in alpha around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left({\alpha}^{2} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \]
      2. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\alpha \cdot \left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right)} \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha\right)} \]
      4. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha} \]
      5. neg-mul-1N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \alpha \]
      6. lower-*.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha} \]
      7. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha\right)\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)} \cdot \alpha \]
      8. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \alpha\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
      9. lower-*.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)} \cdot \alpha \]
      10. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha\right)\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
      11. lower-neg.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(-\alpha\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
      12. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(u0\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \alpha \]
      13. lower-log1p.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(u0\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \alpha \]
      14. lower-neg.f3292.5

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{-u0}\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
    5. Applied rewrites92.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites92.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(-u0\right) \cdot u0\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left(u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
      2. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot {u0}^{2} - \mathsf{log1p}\left(u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites92.6%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(\left(-u0\right) \cdot u0 - \mathsf{log1p}\left(u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
        2. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(\left(-u0\right) \cdot u0 - u0 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites92.1%

            \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(\left(-u0\right) \cdot u0 - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u0, 1\right) \cdot u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]

          if 1.59999996e-4 < u0

          1. Initial program 87.5%

            \[\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lift-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
            2. lift-neg.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha\right)\right)} \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
            3. neg-sub0N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(0 - \alpha\right)} \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
            4. flip--N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{0 \cdot 0 - \alpha \cdot \alpha}{0 + \alpha}} \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
            5. metadata-evalN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{0} - \alpha \cdot \alpha}{0 + \alpha} \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
            6. neg-sub0N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)}}{0 + \alpha} \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
            7. distribute-lft-neg-outN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha\right)\right) \cdot \alpha}}{0 + \alpha} \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
            8. lift-neg.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\alpha\right)} \cdot \alpha}{0 + \alpha} \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
            9. lift-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha}}{0 + \alpha} \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
            10. +-lft-identityN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha}{\color{blue}{\alpha}} \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
            11. associate-*l/N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha}{\alpha}} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
            12. lower-/.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha}{\alpha}} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
            13. lower-*.f3287.6

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha}}{\alpha} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
          4. Applied rewrites87.6%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha}{\alpha}} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
        4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        5. Final simplification48.5%

          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;u0 \leq 0.00015999999595806003:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u0, 1\right) \cdot u0 - \left(-u0\right) \cdot u0\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha}{\alpha} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\\ \end{array} \]
        6. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 3: 49.8% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;u0 \leq 0.00015999999595806003:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u0, 1\right) \cdot u0 - \left(-u0\right) \cdot u0\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \frac{\alpha}{\frac{-1}{\alpha}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (alpha u0)
         :precision binary32
         (if (<= u0 0.00015999999595806003)
           (* (* (- (* (fma -0.5 u0 1.0) u0) (* (- u0) u0)) alpha) alpha)
           (* (log (- 1.0 u0)) (/ alpha (/ -1.0 alpha)))))
        float code(float alpha, float u0) {
        	float tmp;
        	if (u0 <= 0.00015999999595806003f) {
        		tmp = (((fmaf(-0.5f, u0, 1.0f) * u0) - (-u0 * u0)) * alpha) * alpha;
        	} else {
        		tmp = logf((1.0f - u0)) * (alpha / (-1.0f / alpha));
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        function code(alpha, u0)
        	tmp = Float32(0.0)
        	if (u0 <= Float32(0.00015999999595806003))
        		tmp = Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(fma(Float32(-0.5), u0, Float32(1.0)) * u0) - Float32(Float32(-u0) * u0)) * alpha) * alpha);
        	else
        		tmp = Float32(log(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0)) * Float32(alpha / Float32(Float32(-1.0) / alpha)));
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        \mathbf{if}\;u0 \leq 0.00015999999595806003:\\
        \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u0, 1\right) \cdot u0 - \left(-u0\right) \cdot u0\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\log \left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \frac{\alpha}{\frac{-1}{\alpha}}\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if u0 < 1.59999996e-4

          1. Initial program 34.7%

            \[\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in alpha around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left({\alpha}^{2} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \]
            2. associate-*l*N/A

              \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\alpha \cdot \left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right)} \]
            3. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha\right)} \]
            4. associate-*r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha} \]
            5. neg-mul-1N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \alpha \]
            6. lower-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha} \]
            7. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha\right)\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)} \cdot \alpha \]
            8. mul-1-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \alpha\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
            9. lower-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)} \cdot \alpha \]
            10. mul-1-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha\right)\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
            11. lower-neg.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(-\alpha\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
            12. sub-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(u0\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \alpha \]
            13. lower-log1p.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(u0\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \alpha \]
            14. lower-neg.f3292.5

              \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{-u0}\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
          5. Applied rewrites92.5%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites92.6%

              \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(-u0\right) \cdot u0\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left(u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
            2. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

              \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot {u0}^{2} - \mathsf{log1p}\left(u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites92.6%

                \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(\left(-u0\right) \cdot u0 - \mathsf{log1p}\left(u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
              2. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

                \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(\left(-u0\right) \cdot u0 - u0 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
              3. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites92.1%

                  \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(\left(-u0\right) \cdot u0 - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u0, 1\right) \cdot u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]

                if 1.59999996e-4 < u0

                1. Initial program 87.5%

                  \[\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lift-*.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                  2. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\alpha \cdot \left(-\alpha\right)\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                  3. lift-neg.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\alpha \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                  4. neg-sub0N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\alpha \cdot \color{blue}{\left(0 - \alpha\right)}\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                  5. flip3--N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\alpha \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{0}^{3} - {\alpha}^{3}}{0 \cdot 0 + \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha + 0 \cdot \alpha\right)}}\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                  6. clear-numN/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\alpha \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{0 \cdot 0 + \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha + 0 \cdot \alpha\right)}{{0}^{3} - {\alpha}^{3}}}}\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                  7. un-div-invN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\alpha}{\frac{0 \cdot 0 + \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha + 0 \cdot \alpha\right)}{{0}^{3} - {\alpha}^{3}}}} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                  8. lower-/.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\alpha}{\frac{0 \cdot 0 + \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha + 0 \cdot \alpha\right)}{{0}^{3} - {\alpha}^{3}}}} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                  9. metadata-evalN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha}{\frac{\color{blue}{0} + \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha + 0 \cdot \alpha\right)}{{0}^{3} - {\alpha}^{3}}} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                  10. +-lft-identityN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha}{\frac{\color{blue}{\alpha \cdot \alpha + 0 \cdot \alpha}}{{0}^{3} - {\alpha}^{3}}} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                  11. mul0-lftN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha}{\frac{\alpha \cdot \alpha + \color{blue}{0}}{{0}^{3} - {\alpha}^{3}}} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                  12. +-rgt-identityN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha}{\frac{\color{blue}{\alpha \cdot \alpha}}{{0}^{3} - {\alpha}^{3}}} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                  13. clear-numN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{{0}^{3} - {\alpha}^{3}}{\alpha \cdot \alpha}}}} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                  14. +-rgt-identityN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha}{\frac{1}{\frac{{0}^{3} - {\alpha}^{3}}{\color{blue}{\alpha \cdot \alpha + 0}}}} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                  15. mul0-lftN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha}{\frac{1}{\frac{{0}^{3} - {\alpha}^{3}}{\alpha \cdot \alpha + \color{blue}{0 \cdot \alpha}}}} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                  16. +-lft-identityN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha}{\frac{1}{\frac{{0}^{3} - {\alpha}^{3}}{\color{blue}{0 + \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha + 0 \cdot \alpha\right)}}}} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                  17. metadata-evalN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha}{\frac{1}{\frac{{0}^{3} - {\alpha}^{3}}{\color{blue}{0 \cdot 0} + \left(\alpha \cdot \alpha + 0 \cdot \alpha\right)}}} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                  18. flip3--N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{0 - \alpha}}} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                  19. neg-sub0N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha\right)}}} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                  20. lift-neg.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{-\alpha}}} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                  21. lower-/.f3287.6

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\alpha}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{-\alpha}}} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                4. Applied rewrites87.6%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\alpha}{\frac{1}{-\alpha}}} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
              4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
              5. Final simplification48.3%

                \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;u0 \leq 0.00015999999595806003:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u0, 1\right) \cdot u0 - \left(-u0\right) \cdot u0\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \frac{\alpha}{\frac{-1}{\alpha}}\\ \end{array} \]
              6. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 4: 49.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;u0 \leq 0.00015999999595806003:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u0, 1\right) \cdot u0 - \left(-u0\right) \cdot u0\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (alpha u0)
               :precision binary32
               (if (<= u0 0.00015999999595806003)
                 (* (* (- (* (fma -0.5 u0 1.0) u0) (* (- u0) u0)) alpha) alpha)
                 (* (* (- alpha) alpha) (log (- 1.0 u0)))))
              float code(float alpha, float u0) {
              	float tmp;
              	if (u0 <= 0.00015999999595806003f) {
              		tmp = (((fmaf(-0.5f, u0, 1.0f) * u0) - (-u0 * u0)) * alpha) * alpha;
              	} else {
              		tmp = (-alpha * alpha) * logf((1.0f - u0));
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              function code(alpha, u0)
              	tmp = Float32(0.0)
              	if (u0 <= Float32(0.00015999999595806003))
              		tmp = Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(fma(Float32(-0.5), u0, Float32(1.0)) * u0) - Float32(Float32(-u0) * u0)) * alpha) * alpha);
              	else
              		tmp = Float32(Float32(Float32(-alpha) * alpha) * log(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0)));
              	end
              	return tmp
              end
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \begin{array}{l}
              \mathbf{if}\;u0 \leq 0.00015999999595806003:\\
              \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u0, 1\right) \cdot u0 - \left(-u0\right) \cdot u0\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\\
              
              \mathbf{else}:\\
              \;\;\;\;\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\\
              
              
              \end{array}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Split input into 2 regimes
              2. if u0 < 1.59999996e-4

                1. Initial program 34.7%

                  \[\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in alpha around 0

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left({\alpha}^{2} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \]
                  2. associate-*l*N/A

                    \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\alpha \cdot \left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right)} \]
                  3. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha\right)} \]
                  4. associate-*r*N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha} \]
                  5. neg-mul-1N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \alpha \]
                  6. lower-*.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha} \]
                  7. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha\right)\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)} \cdot \alpha \]
                  8. mul-1-negN/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \alpha\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                  9. lower-*.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)} \cdot \alpha \]
                  10. mul-1-negN/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha\right)\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                  11. lower-neg.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(-\alpha\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                  12. sub-negN/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(u0\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                  13. lower-log1p.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(u0\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                  14. lower-neg.f3292.5

                    \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{-u0}\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                5. Applied rewrites92.5%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha} \]
                6. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites92.6%

                    \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(-u0\right) \cdot u0\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left(u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                  2. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

                    \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot {u0}^{2} - \mathsf{log1p}\left(u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites92.6%

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(\left(-u0\right) \cdot u0 - \mathsf{log1p}\left(u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                    2. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(\left(-u0\right) \cdot u0 - u0 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites92.1%

                        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(\left(-u0\right) \cdot u0 - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u0, 1\right) \cdot u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]

                      if 1.59999996e-4 < u0

                      1. Initial program 87.5%

                        \[\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                    4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                    5. Final simplification46.7%

                      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;u0 \leq 0.00015999999595806003:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u0, 1\right) \cdot u0 - \left(-u0\right) \cdot u0\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                    6. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 5: 49.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;u0 \leq 0.00015999999595806003:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u0, 1\right) \cdot u0 - \left(-u0\right) \cdot u0\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log \left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(-\alpha\right)\right) \cdot \alpha\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                    (FPCore (alpha u0)
                     :precision binary32
                     (if (<= u0 0.00015999999595806003)
                       (* (* (- (* (fma -0.5 u0 1.0) u0) (* (- u0) u0)) alpha) alpha)
                       (* (* (log (- 1.0 u0)) (- alpha)) alpha)))
                    float code(float alpha, float u0) {
                    	float tmp;
                    	if (u0 <= 0.00015999999595806003f) {
                    		tmp = (((fmaf(-0.5f, u0, 1.0f) * u0) - (-u0 * u0)) * alpha) * alpha;
                    	} else {
                    		tmp = (logf((1.0f - u0)) * -alpha) * alpha;
                    	}
                    	return tmp;
                    }
                    
                    function code(alpha, u0)
                    	tmp = Float32(0.0)
                    	if (u0 <= Float32(0.00015999999595806003))
                    		tmp = Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(fma(Float32(-0.5), u0, Float32(1.0)) * u0) - Float32(Float32(-u0) * u0)) * alpha) * alpha);
                    	else
                    		tmp = Float32(Float32(log(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0)) * Float32(-alpha)) * alpha);
                    	end
                    	return tmp
                    end
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    
                    \\
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    \mathbf{if}\;u0 \leq 0.00015999999595806003:\\
                    \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u0, 1\right) \cdot u0 - \left(-u0\right) \cdot u0\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\\
                    
                    \mathbf{else}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;\left(\log \left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(-\alpha\right)\right) \cdot \alpha\\
                    
                    
                    \end{array}
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Split input into 2 regimes
                    2. if u0 < 1.59999996e-4

                      1. Initial program 34.7%

                        \[\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in alpha around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left({\alpha}^{2} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. unpow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \]
                        2. associate-*l*N/A

                          \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\alpha \cdot \left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right)} \]
                        3. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha\right)} \]
                        4. associate-*r*N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha} \]
                        5. neg-mul-1N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \alpha \]
                        6. lower-*.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha} \]
                        7. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha\right)\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)} \cdot \alpha \]
                        8. mul-1-negN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \alpha\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                        9. lower-*.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)} \cdot \alpha \]
                        10. mul-1-negN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha\right)\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                        11. lower-neg.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(-\alpha\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                        12. sub-negN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(u0\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                        13. lower-log1p.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(u0\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                        14. lower-neg.f3292.5

                          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{-u0}\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                      5. Applied rewrites92.5%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha} \]
                      6. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites92.6%

                          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(-u0\right) \cdot u0\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left(u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                        2. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

                          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot {u0}^{2} - \mathsf{log1p}\left(u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                        3. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites92.6%

                            \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(\left(-u0\right) \cdot u0 - \mathsf{log1p}\left(u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                          2. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

                            \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(\left(-u0\right) \cdot u0 - u0 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                          3. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites92.1%

                              \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(\left(-u0\right) \cdot u0 - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u0, 1\right) \cdot u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]

                            if 1.59999996e-4 < u0

                            1. Initial program 87.5%

                              \[\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Taylor expanded in alpha around 0

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left({\alpha}^{2} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)} \]
                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \]
                              2. associate-*l*N/A

                                \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\alpha \cdot \left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right)} \]
                              3. *-commutativeN/A

                                \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha\right)} \]
                              4. associate-*r*N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha} \]
                              5. neg-mul-1N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \alpha \]
                              6. lower-*.f32N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha} \]
                              7. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha\right)\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)} \cdot \alpha \]
                              8. mul-1-negN/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \alpha\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                              9. lower-*.f32N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)} \cdot \alpha \]
                              10. mul-1-negN/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha\right)\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                              11. lower-neg.f32N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(-\alpha\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                              12. sub-negN/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(u0\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                              13. lower-log1p.f32N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(u0\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                              14. lower-neg.f3248.2

                                \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{-u0}\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                            5. Applied rewrites48.2%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha} \]
                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites87.5%

                                \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                            7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                            8. Final simplification49.6%

                              \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;u0 \leq 0.00015999999595806003:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u0, 1\right) \cdot u0 - \left(-u0\right) \cdot u0\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log \left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(-\alpha\right)\right) \cdot \alpha\\ \end{array} \]
                            9. Add Preprocessing

                            Alternative 6: 24.8% accurate, 3.6× speedup?

                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u0, 1\right) \cdot u0 - \left(-u0\right) \cdot u0\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha \end{array} \]
                            (FPCore (alpha u0)
                             :precision binary32
                             (* (* (- (* (fma -0.5 u0 1.0) u0) (* (- u0) u0)) alpha) alpha))
                            float code(float alpha, float u0) {
                            	return (((fmaf(-0.5f, u0, 1.0f) * u0) - (-u0 * u0)) * alpha) * alpha;
                            }
                            
                            function code(alpha, u0)
                            	return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(fma(Float32(-0.5), u0, Float32(1.0)) * u0) - Float32(Float32(-u0) * u0)) * alpha) * alpha)
                            end
                            
                            \begin{array}{l}
                            
                            \\
                            \left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u0, 1\right) \cdot u0 - \left(-u0\right) \cdot u0\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha
                            \end{array}
                            
                            Derivation
                            1. Initial program 54.3%

                              \[\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right) \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Taylor expanded in alpha around 0

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left({\alpha}^{2} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)} \]
                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\alpha \cdot \alpha\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \]
                              2. associate-*l*N/A

                                \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\alpha \cdot \left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right)} \]
                              3. *-commutativeN/A

                                \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha\right)} \]
                              4. associate-*r*N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha} \]
                              5. neg-mul-1N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \alpha \]
                              6. lower-*.f32N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha} \]
                              7. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha\right)\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)} \cdot \alpha \]
                              8. mul-1-negN/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \alpha\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                              9. lower-*.f32N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right)} \cdot \alpha \]
                              10. mul-1-negN/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\alpha\right)\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                              11. lower-neg.f32N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(-\alpha\right)} \cdot \log \left(1 - u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                              12. sub-negN/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \log \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(u0\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                              13. lower-log1p.f32N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{log1p}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(u0\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                              14. lower-neg.f3276.1

                                \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(\color{blue}{-u0}\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                            5. Applied rewrites76.1%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \mathsf{log1p}\left(-u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha} \]
                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites76.7%

                                \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\left(-u0\right) \cdot u0\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left(u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                              2. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

                                \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot {u0}^{2} - \mathsf{log1p}\left(u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                              3. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites76.7%

                                  \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(\left(-u0\right) \cdot u0 - \mathsf{log1p}\left(u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                                2. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(\left(-u0\right) \cdot u0 - u0 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot u0\right)\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                                3. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites76.4%

                                    \[\leadsto \left(\left(-\alpha\right) \cdot \left(\left(-u0\right) \cdot u0 - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u0, 1\right) \cdot u0\right)\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                                  2. Final simplification76.7%

                                    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, u0, 1\right) \cdot u0 - \left(-u0\right) \cdot u0\right) \cdot \alpha\right) \cdot \alpha \]
                                  3. Add Preprocessing

                                  Reproduce

                                  ?
                                  herbie shell --seed 2024271 
                                  (FPCore (alpha u0)
                                    :name "Beckmann Distribution sample, tan2theta, alphax == alphay"
                                    :precision binary32
                                    :pre (and (and (<= 0.0001 alpha) (<= alpha 1.0)) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u0) (<= u0 1.0)))
                                    (* (* (- alpha) alpha) (log (- 1.0 u0))))