HairBSDF, Mp, lower

Percentage Accurate: 99.6% → 99.5%

Time: 13.2s

Alternatives: 12

Speedup: 1.9×

Specification

\[\left(\left(\left(\left(-1 \leq cosTheta\_i \land cosTheta\_i \leq 1\right) \land \left(-1 \leq cosTheta\_O \land cosTheta\_O \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(-1 \leq sinTheta\_i \land sinTheta\_i \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(-1 \leq sinTheta\_O \land sinTheta\_O \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(-1.5707964 \leq v \land v \leq 0.1\right)\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (exp
  (+
   (+
    (-
     (- (/ (* cosTheta_i cosTheta_O) v) (/ (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) v))
     (/ 1.0 v))
    0.6931)
   (log (/ 1.0 (* 2.0 v))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return expf(((((((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v) - ((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) - (1.0f / v)) + 0.6931f) + logf((1.0f / (2.0f * v)))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = exp(((((((costheta_i * costheta_o) / v) - ((sintheta_i * sintheta_o) / v)) - (1.0e0 / v)) + 0.6931e0) + log((1.0e0 / (2.0e0 * v)))))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return exp(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v) - Float32(Float32(sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) - Float32(Float32(1.0) / v)) + Float32(0.6931)) + log(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(2.0) * v)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = exp(((((((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v) - ((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) - (single(1.0) / v)) + single(0.6931)) + log((single(1.0) / (single(2.0) * v)))));
end

Initial Program: 99.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (exp
  (+
   (+
    (-
     (- (/ (* cosTheta_i cosTheta_O) v) (/ (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) v))
     (/ 1.0 v))
    0.6931)
   (log (/ 1.0 (* 2.0 v))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return expf(((((((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v) - ((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) - (1.0f / v)) + 0.6931f) + logf((1.0f / (2.0f * v)))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = exp(((((((costheta_i * costheta_o) / v) - ((sintheta_i * sintheta_o) / v)) - (1.0e0 / v)) + 0.6931e0) + log((1.0e0 / (2.0e0 * v)))))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return exp(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v) - Float32(Float32(sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) - Float32(Float32(1.0) / v)) + Float32(0.6931)) + log(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(2.0) * v)))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = exp(((((((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v) - ((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) - (single(1.0) / v)) + single(0.6931)) + log((single(1.0) / (single(2.0) * v)))));
end

Alternative 1: 99.5% accurate, 0.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O - sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O\right) - 1}{v}} \cdot e^{0.6931 - \log \left(v \cdot 2\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  (exp (/ (- (- (* cosTheta_i cosTheta_O) (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O)) 1.0) v))
  (exp (- 0.6931 (log (* v 2.0))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return expf(((((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) - (sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O)) - 1.0f) / v)) * expf((0.6931f - logf((v * 2.0f))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = exp(((((costheta_i * costheta_o) - (sintheta_i * sintheta_o)) - 1.0e0) / v)) * exp((0.6931e0 - log((v * 2.0e0))))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) - Float32(sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O)) - Float32(1.0)) / v)) * exp(Float32(Float32(0.6931) - log(Float32(v * Float32(2.0))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = exp(((((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) - (sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O)) - single(1.0)) / v)) * exp((single(0.6931) - log((v * single(2.0)))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.7%

   \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-exp.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   2. lift-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   3. lift-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right)} + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]

   4. associate-+l+ N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \left(\frac{6931}{10000} + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)\right)}} \]

   5. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{6931}{10000} + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)\right) + \left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right)}} \]

   6. exp-sum N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \cdot e^{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}}} \]

   7. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \cdot e^{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}}} \]

4. Applied rewrites 99.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(e^{0.6931} \cdot \frac{0.5}{v}\right) \cdot e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}}} \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(e^{\frac{6931}{10000}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)} \cdot e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}} \]

   2. lift-exp.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{e^{\frac{6931}{10000}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right) \cdot e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}} \]

   3. rem-exp-log N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(e^{\frac{6931}{10000}} \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}}\right) \cdot e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}} \]

   4. lift-/.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(e^{\frac{6931}{10000}} \cdot e^{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}}\right) \cdot e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}} \]

   5. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(e^{\frac{6931}{10000}} \cdot e^{\log \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}}{v}\right)}\right) \cdot e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}} \]

   6. associate-/r* N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(e^{\frac{6931}{10000}} \cdot e^{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}}\right) \cdot e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}} \]

   7. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(e^{\frac{6931}{10000}} \cdot e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot v}}\right)}\right) \cdot e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}} \]

   8. lift-/.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(e^{\frac{6931}{10000}} \cdot e^{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}}\right) \cdot e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}} \]

   9. lift-log.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(e^{\frac{6931}{10000}} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}}\right) \cdot e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}} \]

   10. prod-exp N/A

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \cdot e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}} \]

   11. lower-exp.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \cdot e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}} \]

   12. lift-log.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \cdot e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}} \]

   13. lift-/.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \cdot e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}} \]

   14. log-rec N/A

       \[\leadsto e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(2 \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}} \]

   15. lift-log.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}\right)\right)} \cdot e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}} \]

   16. unsub-neg N/A

       \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{6931}{10000} - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \cdot e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}} \]

   17. lower--.f32 99.8

       \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{0.6931 - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \cdot e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}} \]

6. Applied rewrites 99.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{0.6931 - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \cdot e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}} \]

7. Final simplification 99.8%

   \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O - sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O\right) - 1}{v}} \cdot e^{0.6931 - \log \left(v \cdot 2\right)} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.7% accurate, 1.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\frac{v}{0.5 \cdot e^{\frac{-1}{v} + 0.6931}}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (/ 1.0 (/ v (* 0.5 (exp (+ (/ -1.0 v) 0.6931))))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return 1.0f / (v / (0.5f * expf(((-1.0f / v) + 0.6931f))));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = 1.0e0 / (v / (0.5e0 * exp((((-1.0e0) / v) + 0.6931e0))))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(v / Float32(Float32(0.5) * exp(Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) / v) + Float32(0.6931))))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = single(1.0) / (v / (single(0.5) * exp(((single(-1.0) / v) + single(0.6931)))));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.7%

   \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-exp.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   2. lift-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   3. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right) + \left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right)}} \]

   4. exp-sum N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}}} \]

   5. lift-log.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   6. rem-exp-log N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   7. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}}} \]

   8. lift-/.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   9. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   10. associate-/r* N/A

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   11. lower-/.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   12. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   13. lower-exp.f32 99.7

       \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931}} \]

   14. lift-+.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}}} \]

4. Applied rewrites 99.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{0.6931 + \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}}} \]

5. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around 0

   \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - 1}}{v}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sub-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}}{v}} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}{v}} \]

   3. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O + \color{blue}{-1}}{v}} \]

   4. lower-fma.f32 99.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{0.6931 + \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)}}{v}} \]

7. Applied rewrites 99.7%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{0.6931 + \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)}}{v}} \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)}{v}}} \]

   2. lift-/.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)}{v}} \]

   3. associate-*l/ N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)}{v}}}{v}} \]

   4. clear-num N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{v}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)}{v}}}}} \]

   5. lower-/.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{v}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)}{v}}}}} \]

   6. lower-/.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{v}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)}{v}}}}} \]

   7. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{v}{\color{blue}{e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)}{v}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}} \]

   8. lower-*.f32 99.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{v}{\color{blue}{e^{0.6931 + \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)}{v}} \cdot 0.5}}} \]

   9. lift-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{v}{e^{\color{blue}{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)}{v}}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}} \]

   10. +-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{v}{e^{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)}{v} + \frac{6931}{10000}}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}} \]

   11. lower-+.f32 99.8

       \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{v}{e^{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)}{v} + 0.6931}} \cdot 0.5}} \]

9. Applied rewrites 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{v}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)}{v} + 0.6931} \cdot 0.5}}} \]

10. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_O around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{v}{e^{\frac{-1}{v} + \frac{6931}{10000}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}} \]
11. Step-by-step derivation

12. Applied rewrites 99.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{v}{e^{\frac{-1}{v} + 0.6931} \cdot 0.5}} \]

13. Final simplification 99.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{v}{0.5 \cdot e^{\frac{-1}{v} + 0.6931}}} \]
14. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 18.7% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O \leq 2.4999999777439474 \cdot 10^{-38}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_O}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{-sinTheta\_O}{\frac{v}{sinTheta\_i}}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) 2.4999999777439474e-38)
   (exp (* (/ cosTheta_i v) cosTheta_O))
   (exp (/ (- sinTheta_O) (/ v sinTheta_i)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	float tmp;
	if ((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) <= 2.4999999777439474e-38f) {
		tmp = expf(((cosTheta_i / v) * cosTheta_O));
	} else {
		tmp = expf((-sinTheta_O / (v / sinTheta_i)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    real(4) :: tmp
    if ((sintheta_i * sintheta_o) <= 2.4999999777439474e-38) then
        tmp = exp(((costheta_i / v) * costheta_o))
    else
        tmp = exp((-sintheta_o / (v / sintheta_i)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (Float32(sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) <= Float32(2.4999999777439474e-38))
		tmp = exp(Float32(Float32(cosTheta_i / v) * cosTheta_O));
	else
		tmp = exp(Float32(Float32(-sinTheta_O) / Float32(v / sinTheta_i)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if ((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) <= single(2.4999999777439474e-38))
		tmp = exp(((cosTheta_i / v) * cosTheta_O));
	else
		tmp = exp((-sinTheta_O / (v / sinTheta_i)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f32 sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) < 2.49999998e-38

   1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-+.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      2. lift-log.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      3. lift-/.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      4. log-rec N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(2 \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}} \]

      5. unsub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

      6. lower--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(0.6931 + \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_O around inf

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-/.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

      3. lower-*.f32 12.0

         \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 12.0%

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Applied rewrites 12.0%

      \[\leadsto e^{cosTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

   if 2.49999998e-38 < (*.f32 sinTheta_i sinTheta_O)

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-+.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      2. lift-log.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      3. lift-/.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      4. log-rec N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(2 \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}} \]

      5. unsub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

      6. lower--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(0.6931 + \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around inf

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}} \]

      2. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

      3. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

      4. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(sinTheta\_O\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]

      5. lower-neg.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(-sinTheta\_O\right)} \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]

      6. lower-/.f32 38.1

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(-sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 38.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(-sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Applied rewrites 38.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{-sinTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{\frac{v}{sinTheta\_i}}}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 18.0%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O \leq 2.4999999777439474 \cdot 10^{-38}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_O}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{-sinTheta\_O}{\frac{v}{sinTheta\_i}}}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 18.7% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O \leq 2.4999999777439474 \cdot 10^{-38}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_O}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{-1}{v} \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) 2.4999999777439474e-38)
   (exp (* (/ cosTheta_i v) cosTheta_O))
   (exp (* (/ -1.0 v) (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O)))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	float tmp;
	if ((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) <= 2.4999999777439474e-38f) {
		tmp = expf(((cosTheta_i / v) * cosTheta_O));
	} else {
		tmp = expf(((-1.0f / v) * (sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    real(4) :: tmp
    if ((sintheta_i * sintheta_o) <= 2.4999999777439474e-38) then
        tmp = exp(((costheta_i / v) * costheta_o))
    else
        tmp = exp((((-1.0e0) / v) * (sintheta_i * sintheta_o)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (Float32(sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) <= Float32(2.4999999777439474e-38))
		tmp = exp(Float32(Float32(cosTheta_i / v) * cosTheta_O));
	else
		tmp = exp(Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) / v) * Float32(sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O)));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if ((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) <= single(2.4999999777439474e-38))
		tmp = exp(((cosTheta_i / v) * cosTheta_O));
	else
		tmp = exp(((single(-1.0) / v) * (sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f32 sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) < 2.49999998e-38

   1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-+.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      2. lift-log.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      3. lift-/.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      4. log-rec N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(2 \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}} \]

      5. unsub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

      6. lower--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(0.6931 + \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_O around inf

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-/.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

      3. lower-*.f32 12.0

         \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 12.0%

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Applied rewrites 12.0%

      \[\leadsto e^{cosTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

   if 2.49999998e-38 < (*.f32 sinTheta_i sinTheta_O)

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-+.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      2. lift-log.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      3. lift-/.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      4. log-rec N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(2 \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}} \]

      5. unsub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

      6. lower--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(0.6931 + \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around inf

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}} \]

      2. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

      3. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

      4. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(sinTheta\_O\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]

      5. lower-neg.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(-sinTheta\_O\right)} \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]

      6. lower-/.f32 38.1

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(-sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 38.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(-sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Applied rewrites 38.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(-sinTheta\_i\right) \cdot sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{v}}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 18.0%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O \leq 2.4999999777439474 \cdot 10^{-38}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_O}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{-1}{v} \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 99.6% accurate, 2.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\frac{-1}{v} + 0.6931} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (* (/ 0.5 v) (exp (+ (/ -1.0 v) 0.6931))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return (0.5f / v) * expf(((-1.0f / v) + 0.6931f));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = (0.5e0 / v) * exp((((-1.0e0) / v) + 0.6931e0))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.5) / v) * exp(Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) / v) + Float32(0.6931))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = (single(0.5) / v) * exp(((single(-1.0) / v) + single(0.6931)));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.7%

   \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-exp.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   2. lift-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   3. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right) + \left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right)}} \]

   4. exp-sum N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}}} \]

   5. lift-log.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   6. rem-exp-log N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   7. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}}} \]

   8. lift-/.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   9. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   10. associate-/r* N/A

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   11. lower-/.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   12. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   13. lower-exp.f32 99.7

       \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931}} \]

   14. lift-+.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}}} \]

4. Applied rewrites 99.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{0.6931 + \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}}} \]

5. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around 0

   \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - 1}}{v}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. sub-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}}{v}} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}{v}} \]

   3. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O + \color{blue}{-1}}{v}} \]

   4. lower-fma.f32 99.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{0.6931 + \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)}}{v}} \]

7. Applied rewrites 99.7%

   \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{0.6931 + \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)}}{v}} \]

8. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_O around 0

   \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{-1}{v}} \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

10. Applied rewrites 99.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{0.6931 + \frac{-1}{v}} \]

11. Final simplification 99.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\frac{-1}{v} + 0.6931} \]
12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 18.7% accurate, 2.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O \leq 2.4999999777439474 \cdot 10^{-38}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_O}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{-sinTheta\_i}{v} \cdot sinTheta\_O}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) 2.4999999777439474e-38)
   (exp (* (/ cosTheta_i v) cosTheta_O))
   (exp (* (/ (- sinTheta_i) v) sinTheta_O))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	float tmp;
	if ((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) <= 2.4999999777439474e-38f) {
		tmp = expf(((cosTheta_i / v) * cosTheta_O));
	} else {
		tmp = expf(((-sinTheta_i / v) * sinTheta_O));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    real(4) :: tmp
    if ((sintheta_i * sintheta_o) <= 2.4999999777439474e-38) then
        tmp = exp(((costheta_i / v) * costheta_o))
    else
        tmp = exp(((-sintheta_i / v) * sintheta_o))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (Float32(sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) <= Float32(2.4999999777439474e-38))
		tmp = exp(Float32(Float32(cosTheta_i / v) * cosTheta_O));
	else
		tmp = exp(Float32(Float32(Float32(-sinTheta_i) / v) * sinTheta_O));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if ((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) <= single(2.4999999777439474e-38))
		tmp = exp(((cosTheta_i / v) * cosTheta_O));
	else
		tmp = exp(((-sinTheta_i / v) * sinTheta_O));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f32 sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) < 2.49999998e-38

   1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-+.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      2. lift-log.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      3. lift-/.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      4. log-rec N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(2 \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}} \]

      5. unsub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

      6. lower--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(0.6931 + \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_O around inf

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-/.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

      3. lower-*.f32 12.0

         \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 12.0%

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Applied rewrites 12.0%

      \[\leadsto e^{cosTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

   if 2.49999998e-38 < (*.f32 sinTheta_i sinTheta_O)

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-+.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      2. lift-log.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      3. lift-/.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      4. log-rec N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(2 \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}} \]

      5. unsub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

      6. lower--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(0.6931 + \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around inf

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}} \]

      2. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

      3. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

      4. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(sinTheta\_O\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]

      5. lower-neg.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(-sinTheta\_O\right)} \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]

      6. lower-/.f32 38.1

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(-sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 38.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(-sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 18.0%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O \leq 2.4999999777439474 \cdot 10^{-38}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_O}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{-sinTheta\_i}{v} \cdot sinTheta\_O}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 18.7% accurate, 2.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O \leq 2.4999999777439474 \cdot 10^{-38}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_O}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{\left(-sinTheta\_i\right) \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) 2.4999999777439474e-38)
   (exp (* (/ cosTheta_i v) cosTheta_O))
   (exp (/ (* (- sinTheta_i) sinTheta_O) v))))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	float tmp;
	if ((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) <= 2.4999999777439474e-38f) {
		tmp = expf(((cosTheta_i / v) * cosTheta_O));
	} else {
		tmp = expf(((-sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    real(4) :: tmp
    if ((sintheta_i * sintheta_o) <= 2.4999999777439474e-38) then
        tmp = exp(((costheta_i / v) * costheta_o))
    else
        tmp = exp(((-sintheta_i * sintheta_o) / v))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (Float32(sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) <= Float32(2.4999999777439474e-38))
		tmp = exp(Float32(Float32(cosTheta_i / v) * cosTheta_O));
	else
		tmp = exp(Float32(Float32(Float32(-sinTheta_i) * sinTheta_O) / v));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if ((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) <= single(2.4999999777439474e-38))
		tmp = exp(((cosTheta_i / v) * cosTheta_O));
	else
		tmp = exp(((-sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f32 sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) < 2.49999998e-38

   1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-+.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      2. lift-log.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      3. lift-/.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

      4. log-rec N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(2 \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}} \]

      5. unsub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

      6. lower--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(0.6931 + \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_O around inf

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-/.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

      3. lower-*.f32 12.0

         \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 12.0%

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Applied rewrites 12.0%

      \[\leadsto e^{cosTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

   if 2.49999998e-38 < (*.f32 sinTheta_i sinTheta_O)

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right)} + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]

      2. flip-- N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v} \cdot \frac{1}{v}}{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) + \frac{1}{v}}} + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]

      3. lower-/.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v} \cdot \frac{1}{v}}{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) + \frac{1}{v}}} + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 88.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}^{2} - {v}^{-2}}{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - -1}{v}}} + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around inf

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)}{v}}} \]

      2. lower-/.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)}{v}}} \]

      3. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot sinTheta\_i}}{v}} \]

      4. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot sinTheta\_i}}{v}} \]

      5. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(sinTheta\_O\right)\right)} \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]

      6. lower-neg.f32 38.1

         \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-sinTheta\_O\right)} \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 38.1%

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 18.0%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O \leq 2.4999999777439474 \cdot 10^{-38}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_O}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{\left(-sinTheta\_i\right) \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 49.1% accurate, 2.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ e^{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-sinTheta\_O, sinTheta\_i, \mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)\right)}{v}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (exp (/ (fma (- sinTheta_O) sinTheta_i (fma cosTheta_i cosTheta_O -1.0)) v)))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return expf((fmaf(-sinTheta_O, sinTheta_i, fmaf(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, -1.0f)) / v));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return exp(Float32(fma(Float32(-sinTheta_O), sinTheta_i, fma(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, Float32(-1.0))) / v))
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.7%

   \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   2. lift-log.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   3. lift-/.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   4. log-rec N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(2 \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}} \]

   5. unsub-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

   6. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

4. Applied rewrites 99.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(0.6931 + \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

5. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_O around inf

   \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-/.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

   3. lower-*.f32 11.7

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

7. Applied rewrites 11.7%

   \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}} \]

8. Taylor expanded in v around 0

   \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - \left(1 + sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)}{v}}} \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-/.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - \left(1 + sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)}{v}}} \]

   2. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - \color{blue}{\left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i + 1\right)}}{v}} \]

   3. associate--r+ N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}}{v}} \]

   4. unsub-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)\right)\right)} - 1}{v}} \]

   5. mul-1-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)}\right) - 1}{v}} \]

   6. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) + cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)} - 1}{v}} \]

   7. associate--l+ N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) + \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - 1\right)}}{v}} \]

   8. associate-*r* N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot sinTheta\_i} + \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - 1\right)}{v}} \]

   9. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-1 \cdot sinTheta\_O, sinTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - 1\right)}}{v}} \]

   10. mul-1-neg N/A

       \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(sinTheta\_O\right)}, sinTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - 1\right)}{v}} \]

   11. lower-neg.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-sinTheta\_O}, sinTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - 1\right)}{v}} \]

   12. sub-neg N/A

       \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-sinTheta\_O, sinTheta\_i, \color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}\right)}{v}} \]

   13. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-sinTheta\_O, sinTheta\_i, \color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)}{v}} \]

   14. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-sinTheta\_O, sinTheta\_i, cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O + \color{blue}{-1}\right)}{v}} \]

   15. lower-fma.f32 95.5

       \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-sinTheta\_O, sinTheta\_i, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)}\right)}{v}} \]

10. Applied rewrites 95.9%

    \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-sinTheta\_O, sinTheta\_i, \mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)\right)}{v}}} \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 51.6% accurate, 2.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ e^{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right) - sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (exp (/ (- (fma cosTheta_i cosTheta_O -1.0) (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O)) v)))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return expf(((fmaf(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, -1.0f) - (sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O)) / v));
}

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return exp(Float32(Float32(fma(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, Float32(-1.0)) - Float32(sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O)) / v))
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.7%

   \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   2. lift-log.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   3. lift-/.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   4. log-rec N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(2 \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}} \]

   5. unsub-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

   6. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

4. Applied rewrites 99.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(0.6931 + \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

5. Taylor expanded in v around 0

   \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - \left(1 + sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)}{v}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-/.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - \left(1 + sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)}{v}}} \]

   2. associate--r+ N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - 1\right) - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}}{v}} \]

   3. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - 1\right) - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}}{v}} \]

   4. sub-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)} - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]

   5. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\left(\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right) - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]

   6. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O + \color{blue}{-1}\right) - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]

   7. lower-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)} - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]

   8. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right) - \color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

   9. lower-*.f32 98.1

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right) - \color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

7. Applied rewrites 96.6%

   \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right) - sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 13.4% accurate, 2.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ e^{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_O} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (exp (* (/ cosTheta_i v) cosTheta_O)))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return expf(((cosTheta_i / v) * cosTheta_O));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = exp(((costheta_i / v) * costheta_o))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return exp(Float32(Float32(cosTheta_i / v) * cosTheta_O))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = exp(((cosTheta_i / v) * cosTheta_O));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.7%

   \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   2. lift-log.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   3. lift-/.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   4. log-rec N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(2 \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}} \]

   5. unsub-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

   6. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

4. Applied rewrites 99.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(0.6931 + \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}\right) - \log \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]

5. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_O around inf

   \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-/.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

   3. lower-*.f32 11.7

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

7. Applied rewrites 11.7%

   \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}} \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

9. Applied rewrites 11.7%

   \[\leadsto e^{cosTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

10. Final simplification 11.7%

    \[\leadsto e^{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_O} \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 11: 13.4% accurate, 2.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ e^{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (exp (/ (* cosTheta_i cosTheta_O) v)))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return expf(((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v));
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = exp(((costheta_i * costheta_o) / v))
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return exp(Float32(Float32(cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = exp(((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v));
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.7%

   \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right)} + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]

   2. flip-- N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v} \cdot \frac{1}{v}}{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) + \frac{1}{v}}} + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]

   3. lower-/.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v} \cdot \frac{1}{v}}{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) + \frac{1}{v}}} + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]

4. Applied rewrites 94.7%

   \[\leadsto e^{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}^{2} - {v}^{-2}}{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - -1}{v}}} + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]

5. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_O around inf

   \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-/.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}}} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

   3. lower-*.f32 11.7

      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}}{v}} \]

7. Applied rewrites 11.7%

   \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 12: 4.6% accurate, 2.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{e^{0.6931}}{v} \cdot 0.5 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (* (/ (exp 0.6931) v) 0.5))

C

float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return (expf(0.6931f) / v) * 0.5f;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = (exp(0.6931e0) / v) * 0.5e0
end function

Julia

function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(0.6931)) / v) * Float32(0.5))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = (exp(single(0.6931)) / v) * single(0.5);
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.7%

   \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-exp.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   2. lift-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]

   3. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right) + \left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right)}} \]

   4. exp-sum N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}}} \]

   5. lift-log.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   6. rem-exp-log N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   7. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}}} \]

   8. lift-/.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   9. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   10. associate-/r* N/A

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   11. lower-/.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   12. metadata-eval N/A

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]

   13. lower-exp.f32 99.7

       \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931}} \]

   14. lift-+.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}}} \]

4. Applied rewrites 99.7%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{0.6931 + \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}}} \]

5. Taylor expanded in v around inf

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{6931}{10000}}}{v}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\frac{6931}{10000}}}{v} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\frac{6931}{10000}}}{v} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]

   3. lower-/.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\frac{6931}{10000}}}{v}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

   4. lower-exp.f32 4.6

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{e^{0.6931}}}{v} \cdot 0.5 \]

7. Applied rewrites 4.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{0.6931}}{v} \cdot 0.5} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024271 
(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
  :name "HairBSDF, Mp, lower"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (and (and (and (<= -1.0 cosTheta_i) (<= cosTheta_i 1.0)) (and (<= -1.0 cosTheta_O) (<= cosTheta_O 1.0))) (and (<= -1.0 sinTheta_i) (<= sinTheta_i 1.0))) (and (<= -1.0 sinTheta_O) (<= sinTheta_O 1.0))) (and (<= -1.5707964 v) (<= v 0.1)))
  (exp (+ (+ (- (- (/ (* cosTheta_i cosTheta_O) v) (/ (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) v)) (/ 1.0 v)) 0.6931) (log (/ 1.0 (* 2.0 v))))))