Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 24.6% → 93.9%
Time: 23.3s
Alternatives: 10
Speedup: 40.5×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 10 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 24.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 93.9% accurate, 14.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right)}^{2} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (* -4.0 (pow (* (/ b (* y-scale x-scale)) a) 2.0)))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	return -4.0 * pow(((b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * a), 2.0);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
    code = (-4.0d0) * (((b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * a) ** 2.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	return -4.0 * Math.pow(((b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * a), 2.0);
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	return -4.0 * math.pow(((b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * a), 2.0)
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	return Float64(-4.0 * (Float64(Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * a) ^ 2.0))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	tmp = -4.0 * (((b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * a) ^ 2.0);
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(-4.0 * N[Power[N[(N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-4 \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right)}^{2}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 24.0%

    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    2. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    3. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    4. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    5. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    6. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    7. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
    9. times-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    10. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    11. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    12. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    13. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    14. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
    15. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
    16. lower-*.f6455.8

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
  5. Applied rewrites55.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites76.9%

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
    2. Applied rewrites94.7%

      \[\leadsto {\left(a \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{-4} \]
    3. Final simplification94.7%

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right)}^{2} \]
    4. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 2: 78.7% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ t_1 := \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 6.3 \cdot 10^{-111}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 6.1 \cdot 10^{+144}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale))) (t_1 (* (* t_0 t_0) (* (* a a) -4.0))))
       (if (<= b 6.3e-111)
         t_1
         (if (<= b 6.1e+144)
           (*
            (* b b)
            (* (/ a (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ (* -4.0 a) (* y-scale x-scale))))
           t_1))))
    double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
    	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
    	double t_1 = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
    	double tmp;
    	if (b <= 6.3e-111) {
    		tmp = t_1;
    	} else if (b <= 6.1e+144) {
    		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
    	} else {
    		tmp = t_1;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
        real(8), intent (in) :: a
        real(8), intent (in) :: b
        real(8), intent (in) :: angle
        real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
        real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
        real(8) :: t_0
        real(8) :: t_1
        real(8) :: tmp
        t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
        t_1 = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
        if (b <= 6.3d-111) then
            tmp = t_1
        else if (b <= 6.1d+144) then
            tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (((-4.0d0) * a) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)))
        else
            tmp = t_1
        end if
        code = tmp
    end function
    
    public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
    	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
    	double t_1 = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
    	double tmp;
    	if (b <= 6.3e-111) {
    		tmp = t_1;
    	} else if (b <= 6.1e+144) {
    		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
    	} else {
    		tmp = t_1;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
    	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
    	t_1 = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
    	tmp = 0
    	if b <= 6.3e-111:
    		tmp = t_1
    	elif b <= 6.1e+144:
    		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))
    	else:
    		tmp = t_1
    	return tmp
    
    function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
    	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
    	t_1 = Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0))
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (b <= 6.3e-111)
    		tmp = t_1;
    	elseif (b <= 6.1e+144)
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))));
    	else
    		tmp = t_1;
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
    	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
    	t_1 = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
    	tmp = 0.0;
    	if (b <= 6.3e-111)
    		tmp = t_1;
    	elseif (b <= 6.1e+144)
    		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
    	else
    		tmp = t_1;
    	end
    	tmp_2 = tmp;
    end
    
    code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, 6.3e-111], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[b, 6.1e+144], N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]]]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
    t_1 := \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
    \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 6.3 \cdot 10^{-111}:\\
    \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 6.1 \cdot 10^{+144}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if b < 6.3000000000000004e-111 or 6.09999999999999971e144 < b

      1. Initial program 22.6%

        \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
        2. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
        3. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
        4. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
        5. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
        6. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
        7. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
        8. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
        9. times-fracN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
        10. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
        11. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
        12. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
        13. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
        14. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
        15. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
        16. lower-*.f6453.7

          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
      5. Applied rewrites53.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites76.2%

          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]

        if 6.3000000000000004e-111 < b < 6.09999999999999971e144

        1. Initial program 29.4%

          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
        4. Applied rewrites66.6%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
        5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites74.4%

            \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
          2. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites91.4%

              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot -4}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
          3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
          4. Final simplification79.3%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 6.3 \cdot 10^{-111}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 6.1 \cdot 10^{+144}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \end{array} \]
          5. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 3: 69.4% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\frac{b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{-177}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 6.1 \cdot 10^{+144}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
           :precision binary64
           (let* ((t_0
                   (*
                    (* (/ b (* (* x-scale x-scale) y-scale)) (/ b y-scale))
                    (* (* a a) -4.0))))
             (if (<= b 1.5e-177)
               t_0
               (if (<= b 6.1e+144)
                 (*
                  (* b b)
                  (* (/ a (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ (* -4.0 a) (* y-scale x-scale))))
                 t_0))))
          double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
          	double t_0 = ((b / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * (b / y_45_scale)) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
          	double tmp;
          	if (b <= 1.5e-177) {
          		tmp = t_0;
          	} else if (b <= 6.1e+144) {
          		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
          	} else {
          		tmp = t_0;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
              real(8), intent (in) :: a
              real(8), intent (in) :: b
              real(8), intent (in) :: angle
              real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
              real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
              real(8) :: t_0
              real(8) :: tmp
              t_0 = ((b / ((x_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale)) * (b / y_45scale)) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
              if (b <= 1.5d-177) then
                  tmp = t_0
              else if (b <= 6.1d+144) then
                  tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (((-4.0d0) * a) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)))
              else
                  tmp = t_0
              end if
              code = tmp
          end function
          
          public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
          	double t_0 = ((b / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * (b / y_45_scale)) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
          	double tmp;
          	if (b <= 1.5e-177) {
          		tmp = t_0;
          	} else if (b <= 6.1e+144) {
          		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
          	} else {
          		tmp = t_0;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
          	t_0 = ((b / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * (b / y_45_scale)) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
          	tmp = 0
          	if b <= 1.5e-177:
          		tmp = t_0
          	elif b <= 6.1e+144:
          		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))
          	else:
          		tmp = t_0
          	return tmp
          
          function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
          	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(b / Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * Float64(b / y_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0))
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (b <= 1.5e-177)
          		tmp = t_0;
          	elseif (b <= 6.1e+144)
          		tmp = Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))));
          	else
          		tmp = t_0;
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
          	t_0 = ((b / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * (b / y_45_scale)) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
          	tmp = 0.0;
          	if (b <= 1.5e-177)
          		tmp = t_0;
          	elseif (b <= 6.1e+144)
          		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
          	else
          		tmp = t_0;
          	end
          	tmp_2 = tmp;
          end
          
          code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(b / N[(N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, 1.5e-177], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[b, 6.1e+144], N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          t_0 := \left(\frac{b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
          \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{-177}:\\
          \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
          
          \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 6.1 \cdot 10^{+144}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 2 regimes
          2. if b < 1.50000000000000004e-177 or 6.09999999999999971e144 < b

            1. Initial program 20.6%

              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. associate-/l*N/A

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
              2. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
              4. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
              5. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
              6. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
              7. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
              8. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
              9. times-fracN/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
              10. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
              11. lower-/.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
              12. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
              13. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
              14. lower-/.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
              15. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
              16. lower-*.f6452.0

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
            5. Applied rewrites52.0%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
            6. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites75.5%

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
              2. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites62.9%

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]

                if 1.50000000000000004e-177 < b < 6.09999999999999971e144

                1. Initial program 33.4%

                  \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                4. Applied rewrites68.3%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                6. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites75.8%

                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites89.0%

                      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot -4}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                  4. Final simplification69.7%

                    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{-177}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 6.1 \cdot 10^{+144}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                  5. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 4: 61.0% accurate, 32.3× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 3.4 \cdot 10^{-178}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                  (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                   :precision binary64
                   (if (<= b 3.4e-178)
                     (/ (* (* (* (* -4.0 a) b) a) b) (* (* y-scale y-scale) (* x-scale x-scale)))
                     (*
                      (* (/ a (* (* x-scale x-scale) y-scale)) (/ (* -4.0 a) y-scale))
                      (* b b))))
                  double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                  	double tmp;
                  	if (b <= 3.4e-178) {
                  		tmp = ((((-4.0 * a) * b) * a) * b) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale));
                  	} else {
                  		tmp = ((a / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / y_45_scale)) * (b * b);
                  	}
                  	return tmp;
                  }
                  
                  real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: a
                      real(8), intent (in) :: b
                      real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                      real(8) :: tmp
                      if (b <= 3.4d-178) then
                          tmp = (((((-4.0d0) * a) * b) * a) * b) / ((y_45scale * y_45scale) * (x_45scale * x_45scale))
                      else
                          tmp = ((a / ((x_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale)) * (((-4.0d0) * a) / y_45scale)) * (b * b)
                      end if
                      code = tmp
                  end function
                  
                  public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                  	double tmp;
                  	if (b <= 3.4e-178) {
                  		tmp = ((((-4.0 * a) * b) * a) * b) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale));
                  	} else {
                  		tmp = ((a / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / y_45_scale)) * (b * b);
                  	}
                  	return tmp;
                  }
                  
                  def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                  	tmp = 0
                  	if b <= 3.4e-178:
                  		tmp = ((((-4.0 * a) * b) * a) * b) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                  	else:
                  		tmp = ((a / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / y_45_scale)) * (b * b)
                  	return tmp
                  
                  function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                  	tmp = 0.0
                  	if (b <= 3.4e-178)
                  		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) * b) * a) * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                  	else
                  		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(a / Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / y_45_scale)) * Float64(b * b));
                  	end
                  	return tmp
                  end
                  
                  function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                  	tmp = 0.0;
                  	if (b <= 3.4e-178)
                  		tmp = ((((-4.0 * a) * b) * a) * b) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale));
                  	else
                  		tmp = ((a / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / y_45_scale)) * (b * b);
                  	end
                  	tmp_2 = tmp;
                  end
                  
                  code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := If[LessEqual[b, 3.4e-178], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(a / N[(N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  
                  \\
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 3.4 \cdot 10^{-178}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\\
                  
                  \mathbf{else}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
                  
                  
                  \end{array}
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Split input into 2 regimes
                  2. if b < 3.39999999999999973e-178

                    1. Initial program 25.5%

                      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. associate-/l*N/A

                        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                      2. associate-*r*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      3. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      4. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      5. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      6. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      7. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      8. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      9. times-fracN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                      10. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                      11. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                      12. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                      13. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                      14. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                      15. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                      16. lower-*.f6454.0

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                    5. Applied rewrites54.0%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites75.4%

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites54.0%

                          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(b \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\left(-y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right)}} \]

                        if 3.39999999999999973e-178 < b

                        1. Initial program 21.7%

                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                        4. Applied rewrites54.3%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                        5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites62.1%

                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites67.9%

                              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot -4}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                          3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                          4. Final simplification59.6%

                            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 3.4 \cdot 10^{-178}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                          5. Add Preprocessing

                          Alternative 5: 59.9% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 3.4 \cdot 10^{-178}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                          (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                           :precision binary64
                           (if (<= b 3.4e-178)
                             (/ (* (* (* (* -4.0 a) b) a) b) (* (* y-scale y-scale) (* x-scale x-scale)))
                             (*
                              (/ (* b b) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale)))
                              (* (* a a) -4.0))))
                          double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                          	double tmp;
                          	if (b <= 3.4e-178) {
                          		tmp = ((((-4.0 * a) * b) * a) * b) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale));
                          	} else {
                          		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                          	}
                          	return tmp;
                          }
                          
                          real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: a
                              real(8), intent (in) :: b
                              real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                              real(8) :: tmp
                              if (b <= 3.4d-178) then
                                  tmp = (((((-4.0d0) * a) * b) * a) * b) / ((y_45scale * y_45scale) * (x_45scale * x_45scale))
                              else
                                  tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                              end if
                              code = tmp
                          end function
                          
                          public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                          	double tmp;
                          	if (b <= 3.4e-178) {
                          		tmp = ((((-4.0 * a) * b) * a) * b) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale));
                          	} else {
                          		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                          	}
                          	return tmp;
                          }
                          
                          def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                          	tmp = 0
                          	if b <= 3.4e-178:
                          		tmp = ((((-4.0 * a) * b) * a) * b) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                          	else:
                          		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                          	return tmp
                          
                          function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                          	tmp = 0.0
                          	if (b <= 3.4e-178)
                          		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) * b) * a) * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                          	else
                          		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0));
                          	end
                          	return tmp
                          end
                          
                          function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                          	tmp = 0.0;
                          	if (b <= 3.4e-178)
                          		tmp = ((((-4.0 * a) * b) * a) * b) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale));
                          	else
                          		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                          	end
                          	tmp_2 = tmp;
                          end
                          
                          code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := If[LessEqual[b, 3.4e-178], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          
                          \\
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 3.4 \cdot 10^{-178}:\\
                          \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\\
                          
                          \mathbf{else}:\\
                          \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
                          
                          
                          \end{array}
                          \end{array}
                          
                          Derivation
                          1. Split input into 2 regimes
                          2. if b < 3.39999999999999973e-178

                            1. Initial program 25.5%

                              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. associate-/l*N/A

                                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                              2. associate-*r*N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                              4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                              5. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                              6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                              7. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                              8. *-commutativeN/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                              9. times-fracN/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                              10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                              11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                              12. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                              13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                              14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                              15. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                              16. lower-*.f6454.0

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                            5. Applied rewrites54.0%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites75.4%

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                              2. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites54.0%

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(b \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\left(-y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right)}} \]

                                if 3.39999999999999973e-178 < b

                                1. Initial program 21.7%

                                  \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. associate-/l*N/A

                                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                  2. associate-*r*N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  5. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  7. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  8. *-commutativeN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  9. times-fracN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                  10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                  11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                  12. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                  13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                  14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                  15. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                  16. lower-*.f6458.5

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                5. Applied rewrites58.5%

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                7. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites63.6%

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                9. Final simplification57.9%

                                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 3.4 \cdot 10^{-178}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                                10. Add Preprocessing

                                Alternative 6: 91.4% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \left(\left(\left(t\_0 \cdot a\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4 \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                 :precision binary64
                                 (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale)))) (* (* (* (* t_0 a) t_0) a) -4.0)))
                                double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                	return (((t_0 * a) * t_0) * a) * -4.0;
                                }
                                
                                real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                    real(8) :: t_0
                                    t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                                    code = (((t_0 * a) * t_0) * a) * (-4.0d0)
                                end function
                                
                                public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                	return (((t_0 * a) * t_0) * a) * -4.0;
                                }
                                
                                def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
                                	return (((t_0 * a) * t_0) * a) * -4.0
                                
                                function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                                	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 * a) * t_0) * a) * -4.0)
                                end
                                
                                function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                	tmp = (((t_0 * a) * t_0) * a) * -4.0;
                                end
                                
                                code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]]
                                
                                \begin{array}{l}
                                
                                \\
                                \begin{array}{l}
                                t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
                                \left(\left(\left(t\_0 \cdot a\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4
                                \end{array}
                                \end{array}
                                
                                Derivation
                                1. Initial program 24.0%

                                  \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. associate-/l*N/A

                                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                  2. associate-*r*N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  5. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  7. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  8. *-commutativeN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  9. times-fracN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                  10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                  11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                  12. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                  13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                  14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                  15. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                  16. lower-*.f6455.8

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                5. Applied rewrites55.8%

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                6. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites76.9%

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                  2. Applied rewrites94.7%

                                    \[\leadsto {\left(a \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{-4} \]
                                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites93.8%

                                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                    2. Add Preprocessing

                                    Alternative 7: 75.3% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \end{array} \]
                                    (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                     :precision binary64
                                     (* (* b b) (* (/ a (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ (* -4.0 a) (* y-scale x-scale)))))
                                    double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                    	return (b * b) * ((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                                    }
                                    
                                    real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                        code = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (((-4.0d0) * a) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)))
                                    end function
                                    
                                    public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                    	return (b * b) * ((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                                    }
                                    
                                    def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                    	return (b * b) * ((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))
                                    
                                    function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                    	return Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))))
                                    end
                                    
                                    function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                    	tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                                    end
                                    
                                    code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                    
                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                    
                                    \\
                                    \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)
                                    \end{array}
                                    
                                    Derivation
                                    1. Initial program 24.0%

                                      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                    2. Add Preprocessing
                                    3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                    4. Applied rewrites51.7%

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                    5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. Applied rewrites58.8%

                                        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. Applied rewrites72.7%

                                          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot -4}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                        2. Final simplification72.7%

                                          \[\leadsto \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \]
                                        3. Add Preprocessing

                                        Alternative 8: 60.7% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \end{array} \]
                                        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                         :precision binary64
                                         (* (/ (* b b) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) (* (* a a) -4.0)))
                                        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                        	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                        }
                                        
                                        real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                            code = ((b * b) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                                        end function
                                        
                                        public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                        	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                        }
                                        
                                        def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                        	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                                        
                                        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                        	return Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0))
                                        end
                                        
                                        function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                        	tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                        end
                                        
                                        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                        
                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                        
                                        \\
                                        \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)
                                        \end{array}
                                        
                                        Derivation
                                        1. Initial program 24.0%

                                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. associate-/l*N/A

                                            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                          2. associate-*r*N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          5. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          7. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          8. *-commutativeN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          9. times-fracN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                          10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                          11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                          12. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                          13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                          14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                          15. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                          16. lower-*.f6455.8

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                        5. Applied rewrites55.8%

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                        6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                        7. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. Applied rewrites59.6%

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                          2. Final simplification59.6%

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \]
                                          3. Add Preprocessing

                                          Alternative 9: 60.8% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \end{array} \]
                                          (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                           :precision binary64
                                           (* (/ (* (* -4.0 a) a) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) (* b b)))
                                          double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                          	return (((-4.0 * a) * a) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                          }
                                          
                                          real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                              code = ((((-4.0d0) * a) * a) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (b * b)
                                          end function
                                          
                                          public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                          	return (((-4.0 * a) * a) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                          }
                                          
                                          def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                          	return (((-4.0 * a) * a) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                                          
                                          function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                          	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) * a) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b))
                                          end
                                          
                                          function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                          	tmp = (((-4.0 * a) * a) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                          end
                                          
                                          code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                          
                                          \begin{array}{l}
                                          
                                          \\
                                          \frac{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)
                                          \end{array}
                                          
                                          Derivation
                                          1. Initial program 24.0%

                                            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                          2. Add Preprocessing
                                          3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                          4. Applied rewrites51.7%

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                          5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. Applied rewrites58.8%

                                              \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. Applied rewrites58.9%

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(a \cdot -4\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                              2. Final simplification58.9%

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                              3. Add Preprocessing

                                              Alternative 10: 60.8% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \end{array} \]
                                              (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                               :precision binary64
                                               (* (/ (* (* a a) -4.0) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) (* b b)))
                                              double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                              	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                              }
                                              
                                              real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                  code = (((a * a) * (-4.0d0)) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (b * b)
                                              end function
                                              
                                              public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                              	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                              }
                                              
                                              def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                              	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                                              
                                              function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                              	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b))
                                              end
                                              
                                              function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                              	tmp = (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                              end
                                              
                                              code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                              
                                              \begin{array}{l}
                                              
                                              \\
                                              \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)
                                              \end{array}
                                              
                                              Derivation
                                              1. Initial program 24.0%

                                                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                              2. Add Preprocessing
                                              3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                              4. Applied rewrites51.7%

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                              5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                              6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. Applied rewrites58.8%

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                2. Final simplification58.8%

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                3. Add Preprocessing

                                                Reproduce

                                                ?
                                                herbie shell --seed 2024270 
                                                (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                  :name "Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse"
                                                  :precision binary64
                                                  (- (* (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale) (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale)) (* (* 4.0 (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale)) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))))