Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 24.8% → 94.4%
Time: 24.5s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 40.5×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 24.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 94.4% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ -4 \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* a b) (* y-scale x-scale)))) (* -4.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
	return -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
    code = (-4.0d0) * (t_0 * t_0)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
	return -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
	return -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0)
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(a * b) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(t_0 * t_0))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
	tmp = -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(-4.0 * N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
-4 \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 23.5%

    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    2. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    3. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    4. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    5. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    6. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    7. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
    9. times-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    10. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    11. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    12. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    13. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    14. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
    15. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
    16. lower-*.f6454.7

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
  5. Applied rewrites54.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites78.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites94.7%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
      2. Final simplification94.7%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \]
      3. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 2: 86.1% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ t_1 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{-113}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 3.4 \cdot 10^{+153}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_1 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_0
               (*
                (* (/ (* (* a b) b) (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ a (* y-scale x-scale)))
                -4.0))
              (t_1 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale))))
         (if (<= a 1.4e-113)
           t_0
           (if (<= a 3.4e+153) (* (* t_1 t_1) (* (* a a) -4.0)) t_0))))
      double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
      	double t_0 = ((((a * b) * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
      	double t_1 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
      	double tmp;
      	if (a <= 1.4e-113) {
      		tmp = t_0;
      	} else if (a <= 3.4e+153) {
      		tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
      	} else {
      		tmp = t_0;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: b
          real(8), intent (in) :: angle
          real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
          real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
          real(8) :: t_0
          real(8) :: t_1
          real(8) :: tmp
          t_0 = ((((a * b) * b) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (a / (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (-4.0d0)
          t_1 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
          if (a <= 1.4d-113) then
              tmp = t_0
          else if (a <= 3.4d+153) then
              tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
          else
              tmp = t_0
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
      	double t_0 = ((((a * b) * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
      	double t_1 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
      	double tmp;
      	if (a <= 1.4e-113) {
      		tmp = t_0;
      	} else if (a <= 3.4e+153) {
      		tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
      	} else {
      		tmp = t_0;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
      	t_0 = ((((a * b) * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0
      	t_1 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
      	tmp = 0
      	if a <= 1.4e-113:
      		tmp = t_0
      	elif a <= 3.4e+153:
      		tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
      	else:
      		tmp = t_0
      	return tmp
      
      function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
      	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * b) * b) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0)
      	t_1 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (a <= 1.4e-113)
      		tmp = t_0;
      	elseif (a <= 3.4e+153)
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_1 * t_1) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0));
      	else
      		tmp = t_0;
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
      	t_0 = ((((a * b) * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
      	t_1 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if (a <= 1.4e-113)
      		tmp = t_0;
      	elseif (a <= 3.4e+153)
      		tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
      	else
      		tmp = t_0;
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, 1.4e-113], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[a, 3.4e+153], N[(N[(t$95$1 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := \left(\frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\
      t_1 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
      \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{-113}:\\
      \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 3.4 \cdot 10^{+153}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\left(t\_1 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if a < 1.4e-113 or 3.3999999999999997e153 < a

        1. Initial program 22.6%

          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-/l*N/A

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          2. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          3. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          4. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          5. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          6. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          7. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          8. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
          9. times-fracN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          10. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          11. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          12. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          13. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          14. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
          15. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
          16. lower-*.f6452.2

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
        5. Applied rewrites52.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites80.4%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
          2. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites88.9%

              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]

            if 1.4e-113 < a < 3.3999999999999997e153

            1. Initial program 26.6%

              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. associate-/l*N/A

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
              2. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
              4. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
              5. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
              6. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
              7. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
              8. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
              9. times-fracN/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
              10. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
              11. lower-/.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
              12. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
              13. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
              14. lower-/.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
              15. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
              16. lower-*.f6462.9

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
            5. Applied rewrites62.9%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
            6. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites94.7%

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
            7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            8. Final simplification90.2%

              \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{-113}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 3.4 \cdot 10^{+153}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ \end{array} \]
            9. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 3: 70.3% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 3.7 \cdot 10^{-165}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \left(-4 \cdot a\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{+184}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
             :precision binary64
             (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale))))
               (if (<= a 3.7e-165)
                 (*
                  (/ (* (* (/ b (* y-scale y-scale)) a) b) (* x-scale x-scale))
                  (* -4.0 a))
                 (if (<= a 9.5e+184)
                   (* (* t_0 t_0) (* (* a a) -4.0))
                   (*
                    (* b b)
                    (* (/ a x-scale) (/ (* -4.0 a) (* (* y-scale y-scale) x-scale))))))))
            double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
            	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
            	double tmp;
            	if (a <= 3.7e-165) {
            		tmp = ((((b / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * a) * b) / (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (-4.0 * a);
            	} else if (a <= 9.5e+184) {
            		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
            	} else {
            		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / x_45_scale) * ((-4.0 * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale)));
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                real(8), intent (in) :: a
                real(8), intent (in) :: b
                real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                real(8) :: t_0
                real(8) :: tmp
                t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                if (a <= 3.7d-165) then
                    tmp = ((((b / (y_45scale * y_45scale)) * a) * b) / (x_45scale * x_45scale)) * ((-4.0d0) * a)
                else if (a <= 9.5d+184) then
                    tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                else
                    tmp = (b * b) * ((a / x_45scale) * (((-4.0d0) * a) / ((y_45scale * y_45scale) * x_45scale)))
                end if
                code = tmp
            end function
            
            public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
            	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
            	double tmp;
            	if (a <= 3.7e-165) {
            		tmp = ((((b / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * a) * b) / (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (-4.0 * a);
            	} else if (a <= 9.5e+184) {
            		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
            	} else {
            		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / x_45_scale) * ((-4.0 * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale)));
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
            	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
            	tmp = 0
            	if a <= 3.7e-165:
            		tmp = ((((b / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * a) * b) / (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (-4.0 * a)
            	elif a <= 9.5e+184:
            		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
            	else:
            		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / x_45_scale) * ((-4.0 * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale)))
            	return tmp
            
            function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
            	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if (a <= 3.7e-165)
            		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * a) * b) / Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(-4.0 * a));
            	elseif (a <= 9.5e+184)
            		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0));
            	else
            		tmp = Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(Float64(a / x_45_scale) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale))));
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
            	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
            	tmp = 0.0;
            	if (a <= 3.7e-165)
            		tmp = ((((b / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * a) * b) / (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (-4.0 * a);
            	elseif (a <= 9.5e+184)
            		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
            	else
            		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / x_45_scale) * ((-4.0 * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale)));
            	end
            	tmp_2 = tmp;
            end
            
            code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, 3.7e-165], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[a, 9.5e+184], N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
            \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 3.7 \cdot 10^{-165}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \left(-4 \cdot a\right)\\
            
            \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{+184}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale}\right)\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 3 regimes
            2. if a < 3.70000000000000001e-165

              1. Initial program 24.8%

                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. associate-/l*N/A

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                2. associate-*r*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                3. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                5. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                6. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                7. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                8. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                9. times-fracN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                10. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                12. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                13. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                14. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                15. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                16. lower-*.f6451.5

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
              5. Applied rewrites51.5%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
              6. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites80.0%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                2. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites63.6%

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}} \]

                  if 3.70000000000000001e-165 < a < 9.4999999999999995e184

                  1. Initial program 28.2%

                    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. associate-/l*N/A

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    2. associate-*r*N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    3. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    5. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    6. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    7. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    8. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    9. times-fracN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    10. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    11. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    12. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    13. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    14. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                    15. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                    16. lower-*.f6466.4

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                  5. Applied rewrites66.4%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites94.6%

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]

                    if 9.4999999999999995e184 < a

                    1. Initial program 0.0%

                      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                    4. Applied rewrites39.7%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                    5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites35.9%

                        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites35.9%

                          \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                        2. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites52.9%

                            \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                        3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                        4. Final simplification71.5%

                          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 3.7 \cdot 10^{-165}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \left(-4 \cdot a\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{+184}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                        5. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 4: 68.4% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;x-scale \leq 4.2 \cdot 10^{-189}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x-scale \leq 3.7 \cdot 10^{+169}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \left(-4 \cdot a\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                         :precision binary64
                         (let* ((t_0
                                 (*
                                  (* (* (/ a x-scale) a) (/ -4.0 (* (* y-scale x-scale) y-scale)))
                                  (* b b))))
                           (if (<= x-scale 4.2e-189)
                             t_0
                             (if (<= x-scale 3.7e+169)
                               (*
                                (/ (* (* (/ b (* y-scale y-scale)) a) b) (* x-scale x-scale))
                                (* -4.0 a))
                               t_0))))
                        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                        	double t_0 = (((a / x_45_scale) * a) * (-4.0 / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                        	double tmp;
                        	if (x_45_scale <= 4.2e-189) {
                        		tmp = t_0;
                        	} else if (x_45_scale <= 3.7e+169) {
                        		tmp = ((((b / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * a) * b) / (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (-4.0 * a);
                        	} else {
                        		tmp = t_0;
                        	}
                        	return tmp;
                        }
                        
                        real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                            real(8), intent (in) :: b
                            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                            real(8) :: t_0
                            real(8) :: tmp
                            t_0 = (((a / x_45scale) * a) * ((-4.0d0) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale))) * (b * b)
                            if (x_45scale <= 4.2d-189) then
                                tmp = t_0
                            else if (x_45scale <= 3.7d+169) then
                                tmp = ((((b / (y_45scale * y_45scale)) * a) * b) / (x_45scale * x_45scale)) * ((-4.0d0) * a)
                            else
                                tmp = t_0
                            end if
                            code = tmp
                        end function
                        
                        public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                        	double t_0 = (((a / x_45_scale) * a) * (-4.0 / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                        	double tmp;
                        	if (x_45_scale <= 4.2e-189) {
                        		tmp = t_0;
                        	} else if (x_45_scale <= 3.7e+169) {
                        		tmp = ((((b / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * a) * b) / (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (-4.0 * a);
                        	} else {
                        		tmp = t_0;
                        	}
                        	return tmp;
                        }
                        
                        def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                        	t_0 = (((a / x_45_scale) * a) * (-4.0 / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                        	tmp = 0
                        	if x_45_scale <= 4.2e-189:
                        		tmp = t_0
                        	elif x_45_scale <= 3.7e+169:
                        		tmp = ((((b / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * a) * b) / (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (-4.0 * a)
                        	else:
                        		tmp = t_0
                        	return tmp
                        
                        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                        	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a / x_45_scale) * a) * Float64(-4.0 / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b))
                        	tmp = 0.0
                        	if (x_45_scale <= 4.2e-189)
                        		tmp = t_0;
                        	elseif (x_45_scale <= 3.7e+169)
                        		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * a) * b) / Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(-4.0 * a));
                        	else
                        		tmp = t_0;
                        	end
                        	return tmp
                        end
                        
                        function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                        	t_0 = (((a / x_45_scale) * a) * (-4.0 / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                        	tmp = 0.0;
                        	if (x_45_scale <= 4.2e-189)
                        		tmp = t_0;
                        	elseif (x_45_scale <= 3.7e+169)
                        		tmp = ((((b / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale)) * a) * b) / (x_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (-4.0 * a);
                        	else
                        		tmp = t_0;
                        	end
                        	tmp_2 = tmp;
                        end
                        
                        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(N[(a / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-4.0 / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[x$45$scale, 4.2e-189], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[x$45$scale, 3.7e+169], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        
                        \\
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        t_0 := \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
                        \mathbf{if}\;x-scale \leq 4.2 \cdot 10^{-189}:\\
                        \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
                        
                        \mathbf{elif}\;x-scale \leq 3.7 \cdot 10^{+169}:\\
                        \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \left(-4 \cdot a\right)\\
                        
                        \mathbf{else}:\\
                        \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
                        
                        
                        \end{array}
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Split input into 2 regimes
                        2. if x-scale < 4.20000000000000033e-189 or 3.70000000000000001e169 < x-scale

                          1. Initial program 25.3%

                            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                          4. Applied rewrites54.5%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                          5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites59.2%

                              \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites65.2%

                                \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]

                              if 4.20000000000000033e-189 < x-scale < 3.70000000000000001e169

                              1. Initial program 18.8%

                                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                              2. Add Preprocessing
                              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. associate-/l*N/A

                                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                2. associate-*r*N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                5. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                7. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                8. *-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                9. times-fracN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                12. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                15. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                16. lower-*.f6464.1

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                              5. Applied rewrites64.1%

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                              6. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites84.6%

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites74.3%

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}} \]
                                3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                4. Final simplification67.7%

                                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x-scale \leq 4.2 \cdot 10^{-189}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x-scale \leq 3.7 \cdot 10^{+169}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \left(-4 \cdot a\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                                5. Add Preprocessing

                                Alternative 5: 65.6% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

                                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 7 \cdot 10^{-141}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 3.1 \cdot 10^{+163}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                 :precision binary64
                                 (let* ((t_0
                                         (*
                                          (* b b)
                                          (* (/ a x-scale) (/ (* -4.0 a) (* (* y-scale y-scale) x-scale))))))
                                   (if (<= a 7e-141)
                                     t_0
                                     (if (<= a 3.1e+163)
                                       (*
                                        (/ (* b b) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale)))
                                        (* (* a a) -4.0))
                                       t_0))))
                                double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                	double t_0 = (b * b) * ((a / x_45_scale) * ((-4.0 * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale)));
                                	double tmp;
                                	if (a <= 7e-141) {
                                		tmp = t_0;
                                	} else if (a <= 3.1e+163) {
                                		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                	} else {
                                		tmp = t_0;
                                	}
                                	return tmp;
                                }
                                
                                real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                    real(8) :: t_0
                                    real(8) :: tmp
                                    t_0 = (b * b) * ((a / x_45scale) * (((-4.0d0) * a) / ((y_45scale * y_45scale) * x_45scale)))
                                    if (a <= 7d-141) then
                                        tmp = t_0
                                    else if (a <= 3.1d+163) then
                                        tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                                    else
                                        tmp = t_0
                                    end if
                                    code = tmp
                                end function
                                
                                public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                	double t_0 = (b * b) * ((a / x_45_scale) * ((-4.0 * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale)));
                                	double tmp;
                                	if (a <= 7e-141) {
                                		tmp = t_0;
                                	} else if (a <= 3.1e+163) {
                                		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                	} else {
                                		tmp = t_0;
                                	}
                                	return tmp;
                                }
                                
                                def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                	t_0 = (b * b) * ((a / x_45_scale) * ((-4.0 * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale)))
                                	tmp = 0
                                	if a <= 7e-141:
                                		tmp = t_0
                                	elif a <= 3.1e+163:
                                		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                                	else:
                                		tmp = t_0
                                	return tmp
                                
                                function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                	t_0 = Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(Float64(a / x_45_scale) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale))))
                                	tmp = 0.0
                                	if (a <= 7e-141)
                                		tmp = t_0;
                                	elseif (a <= 3.1e+163)
                                		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0));
                                	else
                                		tmp = t_0;
                                	end
                                	return tmp
                                end
                                
                                function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                	t_0 = (b * b) * ((a / x_45_scale) * ((-4.0 * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale)));
                                	tmp = 0.0;
                                	if (a <= 7e-141)
                                		tmp = t_0;
                                	elseif (a <= 3.1e+163)
                                		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                	else
                                		tmp = t_0;
                                	end
                                	tmp_2 = tmp;
                                end
                                
                                code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, 7e-141], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[a, 3.1e+163], N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]
                                
                                \begin{array}{l}
                                
                                \\
                                \begin{array}{l}
                                t_0 := \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale}\right)\\
                                \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 7 \cdot 10^{-141}:\\
                                \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
                                
                                \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 3.1 \cdot 10^{+163}:\\
                                \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
                                
                                \mathbf{else}:\\
                                \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
                                
                                
                                \end{array}
                                \end{array}
                                
                                Derivation
                                1. Split input into 2 regimes
                                2. if a < 7.0000000000000006e-141 or 3.10000000000000029e163 < a

                                  1. Initial program 21.8%

                                    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                  3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                  4. Applied rewrites50.7%

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                  5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites53.7%

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. Applied rewrites51.0%

                                        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. Applied rewrites61.7%

                                          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]

                                        if 7.0000000000000006e-141 < a < 3.10000000000000029e163

                                        1. Initial program 28.5%

                                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. associate-/l*N/A

                                            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                          2. associate-*r*N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          5. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          7. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          8. *-commutativeN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          9. times-fracN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                          10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                          11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                          12. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                          13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                          14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                          15. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                          16. lower-*.f6465.4

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                        5. Applied rewrites65.4%

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                        6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                        7. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. Applied rewrites77.1%

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                        8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                        9. Final simplification65.6%

                                          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 7 \cdot 10^{-141}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 3.1 \cdot 10^{+163}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                                        10. Add Preprocessing

                                        Alternative 6: 66.0% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

                                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 2.35 \cdot 10^{-140}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 1.22 \cdot 10^{+150}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                         :precision binary64
                                         (let* ((t_0
                                                 (*
                                                  (* (* (/ a x-scale) a) (/ -4.0 (* (* y-scale x-scale) y-scale)))
                                                  (* b b))))
                                           (if (<= a 2.35e-140)
                                             t_0
                                             (if (<= a 1.22e+150)
                                               (*
                                                (/ (* b b) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale)))
                                                (* (* a a) -4.0))
                                               t_0))))
                                        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                        	double t_0 = (((a / x_45_scale) * a) * (-4.0 / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                        	double tmp;
                                        	if (a <= 2.35e-140) {
                                        		tmp = t_0;
                                        	} else if (a <= 1.22e+150) {
                                        		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                        	} else {
                                        		tmp = t_0;
                                        	}
                                        	return tmp;
                                        }
                                        
                                        real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                            real(8) :: t_0
                                            real(8) :: tmp
                                            t_0 = (((a / x_45scale) * a) * ((-4.0d0) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale))) * (b * b)
                                            if (a <= 2.35d-140) then
                                                tmp = t_0
                                            else if (a <= 1.22d+150) then
                                                tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                                            else
                                                tmp = t_0
                                            end if
                                            code = tmp
                                        end function
                                        
                                        public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                        	double t_0 = (((a / x_45_scale) * a) * (-4.0 / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                        	double tmp;
                                        	if (a <= 2.35e-140) {
                                        		tmp = t_0;
                                        	} else if (a <= 1.22e+150) {
                                        		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                        	} else {
                                        		tmp = t_0;
                                        	}
                                        	return tmp;
                                        }
                                        
                                        def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                        	t_0 = (((a / x_45_scale) * a) * (-4.0 / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                                        	tmp = 0
                                        	if a <= 2.35e-140:
                                        		tmp = t_0
                                        	elif a <= 1.22e+150:
                                        		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                                        	else:
                                        		tmp = t_0
                                        	return tmp
                                        
                                        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                        	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a / x_45_scale) * a) * Float64(-4.0 / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b))
                                        	tmp = 0.0
                                        	if (a <= 2.35e-140)
                                        		tmp = t_0;
                                        	elseif (a <= 1.22e+150)
                                        		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0));
                                        	else
                                        		tmp = t_0;
                                        	end
                                        	return tmp
                                        end
                                        
                                        function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                        	t_0 = (((a / x_45_scale) * a) * (-4.0 / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                        	tmp = 0.0;
                                        	if (a <= 2.35e-140)
                                        		tmp = t_0;
                                        	elseif (a <= 1.22e+150)
                                        		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                        	else
                                        		tmp = t_0;
                                        	end
                                        	tmp_2 = tmp;
                                        end
                                        
                                        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(N[(a / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-4.0 / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, 2.35e-140], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[a, 1.22e+150], N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]
                                        
                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                        
                                        \\
                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                        t_0 := \left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
                                        \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 2.35 \cdot 10^{-140}:\\
                                        \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
                                        
                                        \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 1.22 \cdot 10^{+150}:\\
                                        \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
                                        
                                        \mathbf{else}:\\
                                        \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
                                        
                                        
                                        \end{array}
                                        \end{array}
                                        
                                        Derivation
                                        1. Split input into 2 regimes
                                        2. if a < 2.35000000000000023e-140 or 1.22e150 < a

                                          1. Initial program 21.5%

                                            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                          2. Add Preprocessing
                                          3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                          4. Applied rewrites50.4%

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                          5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. Applied rewrites53.9%

                                              \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. Applied rewrites61.1%

                                                \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]

                                              if 2.35000000000000023e-140 < a < 1.22e150

                                              1. Initial program 29.9%

                                                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                              2. Add Preprocessing
                                              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                5. unpow2N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                7. unpow2N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                9. times-fracN/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                12. unpow2N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                15. unpow2N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                16. lower-*.f6465.3

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                              5. Applied rewrites65.3%

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                              6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                              7. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. Applied rewrites77.6%

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                              8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                              9. Final simplification65.1%

                                                \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 2.35 \cdot 10^{-140}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 1.22 \cdot 10^{+150}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                                              10. Add Preprocessing

                                              Alternative 7: 61.1% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \end{array} \]
                                              (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                               :precision binary64
                                               (* (/ (* b b) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) (* (* a a) -4.0)))
                                              double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                              	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                              }
                                              
                                              real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                  code = ((b * b) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                                              end function
                                              
                                              public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                              	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                              }
                                              
                                              def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                              	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                                              
                                              function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                              	return Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0))
                                              end
                                              
                                              function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                              	tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                              end
                                              
                                              code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                              
                                              \begin{array}{l}
                                              
                                              \\
                                              \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)
                                              \end{array}
                                              
                                              Derivation
                                              1. Initial program 23.5%

                                                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                              2. Add Preprocessing
                                              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                5. unpow2N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                7. unpow2N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                9. times-fracN/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                12. unpow2N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                15. unpow2N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                16. lower-*.f6454.7

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                              5. Applied rewrites54.7%

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                              6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                              7. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. Applied rewrites59.5%

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                                2. Final simplification59.5%

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \]
                                                3. Add Preprocessing

                                                Alternative 8: 61.1% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \end{array} \]
                                                (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                 :precision binary64
                                                 (* (/ (* (* a a) -4.0) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) (* b b)))
                                                double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                }
                                                
                                                real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                    real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                    real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                    code = (((a * a) * (-4.0d0)) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (b * b)
                                                end function
                                                
                                                public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                }
                                                
                                                def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                                                
                                                function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b))
                                                end
                                                
                                                function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                	tmp = (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                end
                                                
                                                code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                
                                                \begin{array}{l}
                                                
                                                \\
                                                \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)
                                                \end{array}
                                                
                                                Derivation
                                                1. Initial program 23.5%

                                                  \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                                3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                4. Applied rewrites50.8%

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                                5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. Applied rewrites59.0%

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                  2. Final simplification59.0%

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                  3. Add Preprocessing

                                                  Reproduce

                                                  ?
                                                  herbie shell --seed 2024268 
                                                  (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                    :name "Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse"
                                                    :precision binary64
                                                    (- (* (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale) (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale)) (* (* 4.0 (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale)) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))))