Optimisation.CirclePacking:place from circle-packing-0.1.0.4, G

Percentage Accurate: 100.0% → 100.0%
Time: 4.8s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(x + y\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (* (+ x y) (+ z 1.0)))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x + y) * (z + 1.0);
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    code = (x + y) * (z + 1.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x + y) * (z + 1.0);
}
def code(x, y, z):
	return (x + y) * (z + 1.0)
function code(x, y, z)
	return Float64(Float64(x + y) * Float64(z + 1.0))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = (x + y) * (z + 1.0);
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] * N[(z + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(x + y\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 100.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(x + y\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (* (+ x y) (+ z 1.0)))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x + y) * (z + 1.0);
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    code = (x + y) * (z + 1.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x + y) * (z + 1.0);
}
def code(x, y, z):
	return (x + y) * (z + 1.0)
function code(x, y, z)
	return Float64(Float64(x + y) * Float64(z + 1.0))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = (x + y) * (z + 1.0);
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] * N[(z + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(x + y\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 100.0% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\ \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(z, x + y, y\right) + x \end{array} \]
NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (+ (fma z (+ x y) y) x))
assert(x < y && y < z);
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return fma(z, (x + y), y) + x;
}
x, y, z = sort([x, y, z])
function code(x, y, z)
	return Float64(fma(z, Float64(x + y), y) + x)
end
NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(N[(z * N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] + y), $MachinePrecision] + x), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
[x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\
\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(z, x + y, y\right) + x
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 100.0%

    \[\left(x + y\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
    2. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(x + y\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(z + 1\right)} \]
    3. distribute-rgt-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot \left(x + y\right) + 1 \cdot \left(x + y\right)} \]
    4. *-lft-identityN/A

      \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)} \]
    5. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)} \]
    6. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)} \]
    7. associate-+r+N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right) + y\right) + x} \]
    8. lower-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right) + y\right) + x} \]
    9. lower-fma.f64100.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, x + y, y\right)} + x \]
    10. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(z, \color{blue}{x + y}, y\right) + x \]
    11. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(z, \color{blue}{y + x}, y\right) + x \]
    12. lower-+.f64100.0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(z, \color{blue}{y + x}, y\right) + x \]
  4. Applied rewrites100.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, y + x, y\right) + x} \]
  5. Final simplification100.0%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(z, x + y, y\right) + x \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 75.5% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;1 + z \leq -4 \cdot 10^{+93}:\\ \;\;\;\;x \cdot z\\ \mathbf{elif}\;1 + z \leq -400000:\\ \;\;\;\;y \cdot z\\ \mathbf{elif}\;1 + z \leq 100:\\ \;\;\;\;x + y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;y \cdot z\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (x y z)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (+ 1.0 z) -4e+93)
   (* x z)
   (if (<= (+ 1.0 z) -400000.0)
     (* y z)
     (if (<= (+ 1.0 z) 100.0) (+ x y) (* y z)))))
assert(x < y && y < z);
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if ((1.0 + z) <= -4e+93) {
		tmp = x * z;
	} else if ((1.0 + z) <= -400000.0) {
		tmp = y * z;
	} else if ((1.0 + z) <= 100.0) {
		tmp = x + y;
	} else {
		tmp = y * z;
	}
	return tmp;
}
NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((1.0d0 + z) <= (-4d+93)) then
        tmp = x * z
    else if ((1.0d0 + z) <= (-400000.0d0)) then
        tmp = y * z
    else if ((1.0d0 + z) <= 100.0d0) then
        tmp = x + y
    else
        tmp = y * z
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
assert x < y && y < z;
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if ((1.0 + z) <= -4e+93) {
		tmp = x * z;
	} else if ((1.0 + z) <= -400000.0) {
		tmp = y * z;
	} else if ((1.0 + z) <= 100.0) {
		tmp = x + y;
	} else {
		tmp = y * z;
	}
	return tmp;
}
[x, y, z] = sort([x, y, z])
def code(x, y, z):
	tmp = 0
	if (1.0 + z) <= -4e+93:
		tmp = x * z
	elif (1.0 + z) <= -400000.0:
		tmp = y * z
	elif (1.0 + z) <= 100.0:
		tmp = x + y
	else:
		tmp = y * z
	return tmp
x, y, z = sort([x, y, z])
function code(x, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(1.0 + z) <= -4e+93)
		tmp = Float64(x * z);
	elseif (Float64(1.0 + z) <= -400000.0)
		tmp = Float64(y * z);
	elseif (Float64(1.0 + z) <= 100.0)
		tmp = Float64(x + y);
	else
		tmp = Float64(y * z);
	end
	return tmp
end
x, y, z = num2cell(sort([x, y, z])){:}
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((1.0 + z) <= -4e+93)
		tmp = x * z;
	elseif ((1.0 + z) <= -400000.0)
		tmp = y * z;
	elseif ((1.0 + z) <= 100.0)
		tmp = x + y;
	else
		tmp = y * z;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[x_, y_, z_] := If[LessEqual[N[(1.0 + z), $MachinePrecision], -4e+93], N[(x * z), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[N[(1.0 + z), $MachinePrecision], -400000.0], N[(y * z), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[N[(1.0 + z), $MachinePrecision], 100.0], N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision], N[(y * z), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
[x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;1 + z \leq -4 \cdot 10^{+93}:\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot z\\

\mathbf{elif}\;1 + z \leq -400000:\\
\;\;\;\;y \cdot z\\

\mathbf{elif}\;1 + z \leq 100:\\
\;\;\;\;x + y\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;y \cdot z\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (+.f64 z #s(literal 1 binary64)) < -4.00000000000000017e93

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\left(x + y\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + z\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(z + 1\right)} \]
      2. distribute-rgt-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot x + 1 \cdot x} \]
      3. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto z \cdot x + \color{blue}{x} \]
      4. lower-fma.f6450.0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, x, x\right)} \]
    5. Applied rewrites50.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, x, x\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in z around inf

      \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{z} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites50.0%

        \[\leadsto z \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]

      if -4.00000000000000017e93 < (+.f64 z #s(literal 1 binary64)) < -4e5 or 100 < (+.f64 z #s(literal 1 binary64))

      1. Initial program 100.0%

        \[\left(x + y\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot \left(1 + z\right)} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto y \cdot \color{blue}{\left(z + 1\right)} \]
        2. distribute-rgt-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot y + 1 \cdot y} \]
        3. *-lft-identityN/A

          \[\leadsto z \cdot y + \color{blue}{y} \]
        4. lower-fma.f6454.6

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, y, y\right)} \]
      5. Applied rewrites54.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, y, y\right)} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in z around inf

        \[\leadsto y \cdot \color{blue}{z} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites52.8%

          \[\leadsto z \cdot \color{blue}{y} \]

        if -4e5 < (+.f64 z #s(literal 1 binary64)) < 100

        1. Initial program 100.0%

          \[\left(x + y\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + y} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
          2. lower-+.f6496.3

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
        5. Applied rewrites96.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
      8. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
      9. Final simplification72.1%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;1 + z \leq -4 \cdot 10^{+93}:\\ \;\;\;\;x \cdot z\\ \mathbf{elif}\;1 + z \leq -400000:\\ \;\;\;\;y \cdot z\\ \mathbf{elif}\;1 + z \leq 100:\\ \;\;\;\;x + y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;y \cdot z\\ \end{array} \]
      10. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 3: 74.0% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;1 + z \leq -400000:\\ \;\;\;\;x \cdot z\\ \mathbf{elif}\;1 + z \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+33}:\\ \;\;\;\;x + y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x \cdot z\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      (FPCore (x y z)
       :precision binary64
       (if (<= (+ 1.0 z) -400000.0)
         (* x z)
         (if (<= (+ 1.0 z) 5e+33) (+ x y) (* x z))))
      assert(x < y && y < z);
      double code(double x, double y, double z) {
      	double tmp;
      	if ((1.0 + z) <= -400000.0) {
      		tmp = x * z;
      	} else if ((1.0 + z) <= 5e+33) {
      		tmp = x + y;
      	} else {
      		tmp = x * z;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      real(8) function code(x, y, z)
          real(8), intent (in) :: x
          real(8), intent (in) :: y
          real(8), intent (in) :: z
          real(8) :: tmp
          if ((1.0d0 + z) <= (-400000.0d0)) then
              tmp = x * z
          else if ((1.0d0 + z) <= 5d+33) then
              tmp = x + y
          else
              tmp = x * z
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      assert x < y && y < z;
      public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
      	double tmp;
      	if ((1.0 + z) <= -400000.0) {
      		tmp = x * z;
      	} else if ((1.0 + z) <= 5e+33) {
      		tmp = x + y;
      	} else {
      		tmp = x * z;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      [x, y, z] = sort([x, y, z])
      def code(x, y, z):
      	tmp = 0
      	if (1.0 + z) <= -400000.0:
      		tmp = x * z
      	elif (1.0 + z) <= 5e+33:
      		tmp = x + y
      	else:
      		tmp = x * z
      	return tmp
      
      x, y, z = sort([x, y, z])
      function code(x, y, z)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (Float64(1.0 + z) <= -400000.0)
      		tmp = Float64(x * z);
      	elseif (Float64(1.0 + z) <= 5e+33)
      		tmp = Float64(x + y);
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(x * z);
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      x, y, z = num2cell(sort([x, y, z])){:}
      function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z)
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if ((1.0 + z) <= -400000.0)
      		tmp = x * z;
      	elseif ((1.0 + z) <= 5e+33)
      		tmp = x + y;
      	else
      		tmp = x * z;
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      code[x_, y_, z_] := If[LessEqual[N[(1.0 + z), $MachinePrecision], -400000.0], N[(x * z), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[N[(1.0 + z), $MachinePrecision], 5e+33], N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision], N[(x * z), $MachinePrecision]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      [x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;1 + z \leq -400000:\\
      \;\;\;\;x \cdot z\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;1 + z \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+33}:\\
      \;\;\;\;x + y\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;x \cdot z\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if (+.f64 z #s(literal 1 binary64)) < -4e5 or 4.99999999999999973e33 < (+.f64 z #s(literal 1 binary64))

        1. Initial program 100.0%

          \[\left(x + y\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + z\right)} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(z + 1\right)} \]
          2. distribute-rgt-inN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot x + 1 \cdot x} \]
          3. *-lft-identityN/A

            \[\leadsto z \cdot x + \color{blue}{x} \]
          4. lower-fma.f6449.3

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, x, x\right)} \]
        5. Applied rewrites49.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, x, x\right)} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in z around inf

          \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{z} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites49.1%

            \[\leadsto z \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]

          if -4e5 < (+.f64 z #s(literal 1 binary64)) < 4.99999999999999973e33

          1. Initial program 99.9%

            \[\left(x + y\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + y} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
            2. lower-+.f6490.7

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
          5. Applied rewrites90.7%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
        8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        9. Final simplification69.4%

          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;1 + z \leq -400000:\\ \;\;\;\;x \cdot z\\ \mathbf{elif}\;1 + z \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+33}:\\ \;\;\;\;x + y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x \cdot z\\ \end{array} \]
        10. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 4: 97.9% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x + y \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-273}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(z, x, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(z, y, y\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
        (FPCore (x y z)
         :precision binary64
         (if (<= (+ x y) -2e-273) (fma z x x) (fma z y y)))
        assert(x < y && y < z);
        double code(double x, double y, double z) {
        	double tmp;
        	if ((x + y) <= -2e-273) {
        		tmp = fma(z, x, x);
        	} else {
        		tmp = fma(z, y, y);
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        x, y, z = sort([x, y, z])
        function code(x, y, z)
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (Float64(x + y) <= -2e-273)
        		tmp = fma(z, x, x);
        	else
        		tmp = fma(z, y, y);
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
        code[x_, y_, z_] := If[LessEqual[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision], -2e-273], N[(z * x + x), $MachinePrecision], N[(z * y + y), $MachinePrecision]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        [x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        \mathbf{if}\;x + y \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-273}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(z, x, x\right)\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(z, y, y\right)\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if (+.f64 x y) < -2e-273

          1. Initial program 100.0%

            \[\left(x + y\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + z\right)} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(z + 1\right)} \]
            2. distribute-rgt-inN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot x + 1 \cdot x} \]
            3. *-lft-identityN/A

              \[\leadsto z \cdot x + \color{blue}{x} \]
            4. lower-fma.f6448.9

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, x, x\right)} \]
          5. Applied rewrites48.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, x, x\right)} \]

          if -2e-273 < (+.f64 x y)

          1. Initial program 100.0%

            \[\left(x + y\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot \left(1 + z\right)} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto y \cdot \color{blue}{\left(z + 1\right)} \]
            2. distribute-rgt-inN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot y + 1 \cdot y} \]
            3. *-lft-identityN/A

              \[\leadsto z \cdot y + \color{blue}{y} \]
            4. lower-fma.f6460.1

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, y, y\right)} \]
          5. Applied rewrites60.1%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, y, y\right)} \]
        3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        4. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 5: 73.2% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x + y \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-273}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(z, x, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;y \cdot z\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
        (FPCore (x y z)
         :precision binary64
         (if (<= (+ x y) -2e-273) (fma z x x) (* y z)))
        assert(x < y && y < z);
        double code(double x, double y, double z) {
        	double tmp;
        	if ((x + y) <= -2e-273) {
        		tmp = fma(z, x, x);
        	} else {
        		tmp = y * z;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        x, y, z = sort([x, y, z])
        function code(x, y, z)
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (Float64(x + y) <= -2e-273)
        		tmp = fma(z, x, x);
        	else
        		tmp = Float64(y * z);
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
        code[x_, y_, z_] := If[LessEqual[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision], -2e-273], N[(z * x + x), $MachinePrecision], N[(y * z), $MachinePrecision]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        [x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        \mathbf{if}\;x + y \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-273}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(z, x, x\right)\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;y \cdot z\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if (+.f64 x y) < -2e-273

          1. Initial program 100.0%

            \[\left(x + y\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + z\right)} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(z + 1\right)} \]
            2. distribute-rgt-inN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot x + 1 \cdot x} \]
            3. *-lft-identityN/A

              \[\leadsto z \cdot x + \color{blue}{x} \]
            4. lower-fma.f6448.9

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, x, x\right)} \]
          5. Applied rewrites48.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, x, x\right)} \]

          if -2e-273 < (+.f64 x y)

          1. Initial program 100.0%

            \[\left(x + y\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot \left(1 + z\right)} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto y \cdot \color{blue}{\left(z + 1\right)} \]
            2. distribute-rgt-inN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot y + 1 \cdot y} \]
            3. *-lft-identityN/A

              \[\leadsto z \cdot y + \color{blue}{y} \]
            4. lower-fma.f6460.1

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, y, y\right)} \]
          5. Applied rewrites60.1%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, y, y\right)} \]
          6. Taylor expanded in z around inf

            \[\leadsto y \cdot \color{blue}{z} \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites34.1%

              \[\leadsto z \cdot \color{blue}{y} \]
          8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
          9. Final simplification41.7%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x + y \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-273}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(z, x, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;y \cdot z\\ \end{array} \]
          10. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 6: 100.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\ \\ \left(1 + z\right) \cdot \left(x + y\right) \end{array} \]
          NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
          (FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (* (+ 1.0 z) (+ x y)))
          assert(x < y && y < z);
          double code(double x, double y, double z) {
          	return (1.0 + z) * (x + y);
          }
          
          NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
          real(8) function code(x, y, z)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              real(8), intent (in) :: z
              code = (1.0d0 + z) * (x + y)
          end function
          
          assert x < y && y < z;
          public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
          	return (1.0 + z) * (x + y);
          }
          
          [x, y, z] = sort([x, y, z])
          def code(x, y, z):
          	return (1.0 + z) * (x + y)
          
          x, y, z = sort([x, y, z])
          function code(x, y, z)
          	return Float64(Float64(1.0 + z) * Float64(x + y))
          end
          
          x, y, z = num2cell(sort([x, y, z])){:}
          function tmp = code(x, y, z)
          	tmp = (1.0 + z) * (x + y);
          end
          
          NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
          code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(N[(1.0 + z), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          [x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\
          \\
          \left(1 + z\right) \cdot \left(x + y\right)
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 100.0%

            \[\left(x + y\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Final simplification100.0%

            \[\leadsto \left(1 + z\right) \cdot \left(x + y\right) \]
          4. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 7: 51.6% accurate, 3.0× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\ \\ x + y \end{array} \]
          NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
          (FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (+ x y))
          assert(x < y && y < z);
          double code(double x, double y, double z) {
          	return x + y;
          }
          
          NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
          real(8) function code(x, y, z)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              real(8), intent (in) :: z
              code = x + y
          end function
          
          assert x < y && y < z;
          public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
          	return x + y;
          }
          
          [x, y, z] = sort([x, y, z])
          def code(x, y, z):
          	return x + y
          
          x, y, z = sort([x, y, z])
          function code(x, y, z)
          	return Float64(x + y)
          end
          
          x, y, z = num2cell(sort([x, y, z])){:}
          function tmp = code(x, y, z)
          	tmp = x + y;
          end
          
          NOTE: x, y, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
          code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          [x, y, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z])\\
          \\
          x + y
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 100.0%

            \[\left(x + y\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + y} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
            2. lower-+.f6446.0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
          5. Applied rewrites46.0%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y + x} \]
          6. Final simplification46.0%

            \[\leadsto x + y \]
          7. Add Preprocessing

          Reproduce

          ?
          herbie shell --seed 2024268 
          (FPCore (x y z)
            :name "Optimisation.CirclePacking:place from circle-packing-0.1.0.4, G"
            :precision binary64
            (* (+ x y) (+ z 1.0)))