The quadratic formula (r2)

Percentage Accurate: 52.2% → 85.2%

Time: 10.6s

Alternatives: 9

Speedup: 2.5×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b - sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b - sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0d0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b - Math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}

Python

def code(a, b, c):
	return (-b - math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a)

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) - sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(4.0 * Float64(a * c))))) / Float64(2.0 * a))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-b - sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) - N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 52.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b - sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b - sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0d0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b - Math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}

Python

def code(a, b, c):
	return (-b - math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a)

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) - sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(4.0 * Float64(a * c))))) / Float64(2.0 * a))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-b - sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) - N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 85.2% accurate, 0.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1.2 \cdot 10^{-136}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+136}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)} + b}{-2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, -b\right)}{a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b -1.2e-136)
   (/ c (- b))
   (if (<= b 5e+136)
     (/ (+ (sqrt (fma b b (* (* c a) -4.0))) b) (* -2.0 a))
     (/ (fma (/ c b) a (- b)) a))))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -1.2e-136) {
		tmp = c / -b;
	} else if (b <= 5e+136) {
		tmp = (sqrt(fma(b, b, ((c * a) * -4.0))) + b) / (-2.0 * a);
	} else {
		tmp = fma((c / b), a, -b) / a;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= -1.2e-136)
		tmp = Float64(c / Float64(-b));
	elseif (b <= 5e+136)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(b, b, Float64(Float64(c * a) * -4.0))) + b) / Float64(-2.0 * a));
	else
		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(c / b), a, Float64(-b)) / a);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -1.2e-136], N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 5e+136], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(b * b + N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(-2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] * a + (-b)), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if b < -1.1999999999999999e-136

   1. Initial program 18.4%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)} \]

      2. distribute-neg-frac2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]

      3. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot b}} \]

      4. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-1 \cdot b}} \]

      5. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]

      6. lower-neg.f64 83.0

         \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-b}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 83.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-b}} \]

   if -1.1999999999999999e-136 < b < 5.0000000000000002e136

   1. Initial program 83.1%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + \left(-b\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      4. lift-neg.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      5. unsub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      7. lower-neg.f64 83.1

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      8. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      9. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      10. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\right) + b \cdot b}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + b \cdot b}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      12. distribute-lft-neg-in N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} + b \cdot b}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      13. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right), a \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      14. metadata-eval 83.1

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-4}, a \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      15. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{a \cdot c}, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      16. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{c \cdot a}, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      17. lower-*.f64 83.1

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{c \cdot a}, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 83.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]

   6. Applied rewrites 83.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4\right)} + b}{-2 \cdot a}} \]

   if 5.0000000000000002e136 < b

   1. Initial program 54.6%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b + \frac{a \cdot c}{b}}{a}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} + -1 \cdot b}}{a} \]

      2. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)\right)}}{a} \]

      3. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} - b}}{a} \]

      4. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} - b}{a}} \]

      5. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)\right)}}{a} \]

      6. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot b}}{a} \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{c \cdot a}}{b} + -1 \cdot b}{a} \]

      8. associate-*l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} \cdot a} + -1 \cdot b}{a} \]

      9. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, -1 \cdot b\right)}}{a} \]

      10. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{c}{b}}, a, -1 \cdot b\right)}{a} \]

      11. mul-1-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}\right)}{a} \]

      12. lower-neg.f64 100.0

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, \color{blue}{-b}\right)}{a} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, -b\right)}{a}} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 86.0%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1.2 \cdot 10^{-136}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+136}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)} + b}{-2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, -b\right)}{a}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 85.1% accurate, 0.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1.2 \cdot 10^{-136}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{+136}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)} + b\right) \cdot \frac{-0.5}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, -b\right)}{a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b -1.2e-136)
   (/ c (- b))
   (if (<= b 2.6e+136)
     (* (+ (sqrt (fma b b (* (* c a) -4.0))) b) (/ -0.5 a))
     (/ (fma (/ c b) a (- b)) a))))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -1.2e-136) {
		tmp = c / -b;
	} else if (b <= 2.6e+136) {
		tmp = (sqrt(fma(b, b, ((c * a) * -4.0))) + b) * (-0.5 / a);
	} else {
		tmp = fma((c / b), a, -b) / a;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= -1.2e-136)
		tmp = Float64(c / Float64(-b));
	elseif (b <= 2.6e+136)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(b, b, Float64(Float64(c * a) * -4.0))) + b) * Float64(-0.5 / a));
	else
		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(c / b), a, Float64(-b)) / a);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -1.2e-136], N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 2.6e+136], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(b * b + N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-0.5 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] * a + (-b)), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if b < -1.1999999999999999e-136

   1. Initial program 18.4%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)} \]

      2. distribute-neg-frac2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]

      3. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot b}} \]

      4. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-1 \cdot b}} \]

      5. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]

      6. lower-neg.f64 83.0

         \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-b}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 83.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-b}} \]

   if -1.1999999999999999e-136 < b < 2.6000000000000001e136

   1. Initial program 83.1%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + \left(-b\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      4. lift-neg.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      5. unsub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      7. lower-neg.f64 83.1

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      8. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      9. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      10. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\right) + b \cdot b}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + b \cdot b}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      12. distribute-lft-neg-in N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} + b \cdot b}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      13. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right), a \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      14. metadata-eval 83.1

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-4}, a \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      15. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{a \cdot c}, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      16. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{c \cdot a}, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      17. lower-*.f64 83.1

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{c \cdot a}, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 83.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]

   6. Applied rewrites 83.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4\right)} + b}{-2 \cdot a}} \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4\right)} + b}{-2 \cdot a}} \]

      2. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{-2 \cdot a}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4\right)} + b}}} \]

      3. associate-/r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{-2 \cdot a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4\right)} + b\right)} \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{-2 \cdot a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4\right)} + b\right)} \]

      5. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-2 \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4\right)} + b\right) \]

      6. associate-/r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{-2}}{a}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4\right)} + b\right) \]

      7. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4\right)} + b\right) \]

      8. lower-/.f64 82.9

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.5}{a}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4\right)} + b\right) \]

      9. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4}\right)} + b\right) \]

      10. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)} + b\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 82.9

          \[\leadsto \frac{-0.5}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)} + b\right) \]

      12. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)} + b\right) \]

      13. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot a\right)}\right)} + b\right) \]

      14. lower-*.f64 82.9

          \[\leadsto \frac{-0.5}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot a\right)}\right)} + b\right) \]

   8. Applied rewrites 82.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.5}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, -4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)\right)} + b\right)} \]

   if 2.6000000000000001e136 < b

   1. Initial program 54.6%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b + \frac{a \cdot c}{b}}{a}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} + -1 \cdot b}}{a} \]

      2. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)\right)}}{a} \]

      3. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} - b}}{a} \]

      4. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} - b}{a}} \]

      5. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)\right)}}{a} \]

      6. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot b}}{a} \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{c \cdot a}}{b} + -1 \cdot b}{a} \]

      8. associate-*l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} \cdot a} + -1 \cdot b}{a} \]

      9. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, -1 \cdot b\right)}}{a} \]

      10. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{c}{b}}, a, -1 \cdot b\right)}{a} \]

      11. mul-1-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}\right)}{a} \]

      12. lower-neg.f64 100.0

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, \color{blue}{-b}\right)}{a} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, -b\right)}{a}} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 85.9%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1.2 \cdot 10^{-136}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{+136}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)} + b\right) \cdot \frac{-0.5}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, -b\right)}{a}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 80.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1.2 \cdot 10^{-136}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 3.9 \cdot 10^{-78}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4} + b}{-2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, -b\right)}{a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b -1.2e-136)
   (/ c (- b))
   (if (<= b 3.9e-78)
     (/ (+ (sqrt (* (* c a) -4.0)) b) (* -2.0 a))
     (/ (fma (/ c b) a (- b)) a))))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -1.2e-136) {
		tmp = c / -b;
	} else if (b <= 3.9e-78) {
		tmp = (sqrt(((c * a) * -4.0)) + b) / (-2.0 * a);
	} else {
		tmp = fma((c / b), a, -b) / a;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= -1.2e-136)
		tmp = Float64(c / Float64(-b));
	elseif (b <= 3.9e-78)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(c * a) * -4.0)) + b) / Float64(-2.0 * a));
	else
		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(c / b), a, Float64(-b)) / a);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -1.2e-136], N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 3.9e-78], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(-2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] * a + (-b)), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if b < -1.1999999999999999e-136

   1. Initial program 18.4%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)} \]

      2. distribute-neg-frac2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]

      3. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot b}} \]

      4. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-1 \cdot b}} \]

      5. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]

      6. lower-neg.f64 83.0

         \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-b}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 83.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-b}} \]

   if -1.1999999999999999e-136 < b < 3.9000000000000002e-78

   1. Initial program 77.8%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + \left(-b\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      4. lift-neg.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      5. unsub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      7. lower-neg.f64 77.8

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      8. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      9. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      10. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\right) + b \cdot b}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + b \cdot b}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      12. distribute-lft-neg-in N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} + b \cdot b}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      13. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right), a \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      14. metadata-eval 77.8

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-4}, a \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      15. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{a \cdot c}, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      16. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{c \cdot a}, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      17. lower-*.f64 77.8

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{c \cdot a}, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 77.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]

   6. Applied rewrites 77.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4\right)} + b}{-2 \cdot a}} \]

   7. Taylor expanded in c around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}} + b}{-2 \cdot a} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}} + b}{-2 \cdot a} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot a\right)}} + b}{-2 \cdot a} \]

      3. lower-*.f64 71.9

         \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot a\right)}} + b}{-2 \cdot a} \]

   9. Applied rewrites 71.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)}} + b}{-2 \cdot a} \]

   if 3.9000000000000002e-78 < b

   1. Initial program 71.9%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b + \frac{a \cdot c}{b}}{a}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} + -1 \cdot b}}{a} \]

      2. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)\right)}}{a} \]

      3. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} - b}}{a} \]

      4. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} - b}{a}} \]

      5. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)\right)}}{a} \]

      6. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot b}}{a} \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{c \cdot a}}{b} + -1 \cdot b}{a} \]

      8. associate-*l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} \cdot a} + -1 \cdot b}{a} \]

      9. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, -1 \cdot b\right)}}{a} \]

      10. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{c}{b}}, a, -1 \cdot b\right)}{a} \]

      11. mul-1-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}\right)}{a} \]

      12. lower-neg.f64 92.4

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, \color{blue}{-b}\right)}{a} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 92.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, -b\right)}{a}} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 82.7%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1.2 \cdot 10^{-136}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 3.9 \cdot 10^{-78}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4} + b}{-2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, -b\right)}{a}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 80.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1.2 \cdot 10^{-136}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 3.9 \cdot 10^{-78}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4} + b\right) \cdot \frac{-0.5}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, -b\right)}{a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b -1.2e-136)
   (/ c (- b))
   (if (<= b 3.9e-78)
     (* (+ (sqrt (* (* c a) -4.0)) b) (/ -0.5 a))
     (/ (fma (/ c b) a (- b)) a))))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -1.2e-136) {
		tmp = c / -b;
	} else if (b <= 3.9e-78) {
		tmp = (sqrt(((c * a) * -4.0)) + b) * (-0.5 / a);
	} else {
		tmp = fma((c / b), a, -b) / a;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= -1.2e-136)
		tmp = Float64(c / Float64(-b));
	elseif (b <= 3.9e-78)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(c * a) * -4.0)) + b) * Float64(-0.5 / a));
	else
		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(c / b), a, Float64(-b)) / a);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -1.2e-136], N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 3.9e-78], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-0.5 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] * a + (-b)), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if b < -1.1999999999999999e-136

   1. Initial program 18.4%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)} \]

      2. distribute-neg-frac2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]

      3. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot b}} \]

      4. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-1 \cdot b}} \]

      5. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]

      6. lower-neg.f64 83.0

         \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-b}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 83.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-b}} \]

   if -1.1999999999999999e-136 < b < 3.9000000000000002e-78

   1. Initial program 77.8%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      2. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + \left(-b\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      4. lift-neg.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      5. unsub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      6. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]

      7. lower-neg.f64 77.8

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      8. lift--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      9. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      10. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\right) + b \cdot b}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + b \cdot b}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      12. distribute-lft-neg-in N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} + b \cdot b}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      13. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right), a \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      14. metadata-eval 77.8

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-4}, a \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      15. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{a \cdot c}, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      16. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{c \cdot a}, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      17. lower-*.f64 77.8

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{c \cdot a}, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 77.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in c around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

      3. lower-*.f64 71.9

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot a\right)} \cdot c}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 71.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-\sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a}} \]

      2. frac-2neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(-\sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right) - b\right)\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot a\right)}} \]

      3. div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(-\sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right) - b\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot a\right)}} \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(-\sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right) - b\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{2 \cdot a}\right)} \]

      5. distribute-lft-neg-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(-\sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right) - b\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right) \cdot a}} \]

      6. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(-\sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right) - b\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-2} \cdot a} \]

      7. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(-\sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right) - b\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{-2 \cdot a}} \]

      8. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(-\sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right) - b\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{-2 \cdot a}} \]

   9. Applied rewrites 71.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{-4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)} + b\right) \cdot \frac{-0.5}{a}} \]

   if 3.9000000000000002e-78 < b

   1. Initial program 71.9%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b + \frac{a \cdot c}{b}}{a}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} + -1 \cdot b}}{a} \]

      2. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)\right)}}{a} \]

      3. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} - b}}{a} \]

      4. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} - b}{a}} \]

      5. sub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)\right)}}{a} \]

      6. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot b}}{a} \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{c \cdot a}}{b} + -1 \cdot b}{a} \]

      8. associate-*l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} \cdot a} + -1 \cdot b}{a} \]

      9. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, -1 \cdot b\right)}}{a} \]

      10. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{c}{b}}, a, -1 \cdot b\right)}{a} \]

      11. mul-1-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}\right)}{a} \]

      12. lower-neg.f64 92.4

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, \color{blue}{-b}\right)}{a} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 92.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, -b\right)}{a}} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 82.7%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1.2 \cdot 10^{-136}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 3.9 \cdot 10^{-78}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4} + b\right) \cdot \frac{-0.5}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, -b\right)}{a}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 67.3% accurate, 1.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b -2e-310) (/ c (- b)) (- (/ c b) (/ b a))))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -2e-310) {
		tmp = c / -b;
	} else {
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (b <= (-2d-310)) then
        tmp = c / -b
    else
        tmp = (c / b) - (b / a)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -2e-310) {
		tmp = c / -b;
	} else {
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(a, b, c):
	tmp = 0
	if b <= -2e-310:
		tmp = c / -b
	else:
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a)
	return tmp

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= -2e-310)
		tmp = Float64(c / Float64(-b));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(c / b) - Float64(b / a));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (b <= -2e-310)
		tmp = c / -b;
	else
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -2e-310], N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(b / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if b < -1.999999999999994e-310

   1. Initial program 34.0%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)} \]

      2. distribute-neg-frac2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]

      3. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot b}} \]

      4. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-1 \cdot b}} \]

      5. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]

      6. lower-neg.f64 65.2

         \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-b}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 65.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-b}} \]

   if -1.999999999999994e-310 < b

   1. Initial program 72.5%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in c around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{b}{a} + \frac{c}{b}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} + -1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}} \]

      2. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{c}{b} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)\right)} \]

      3. unsub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}} \]

      4. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}} \]

      5. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b}} - \frac{b}{a} \]

      6. lower-/.f64 71.2

         \[\leadsto \frac{c}{b} - \color{blue}{\frac{b}{a}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 71.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 67.2% accurate, 2.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b -2e-310) (/ c (- b)) (/ (- b) a)))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -2e-310) {
		tmp = c / -b;
	} else {
		tmp = -b / a;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (b <= (-2d-310)) then
        tmp = c / -b
    else
        tmp = -b / a
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -2e-310) {
		tmp = c / -b;
	} else {
		tmp = -b / a;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(a, b, c):
	tmp = 0
	if b <= -2e-310:
		tmp = c / -b
	else:
		tmp = -b / a
	return tmp

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= -2e-310)
		tmp = Float64(c / Float64(-b));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-b) / a);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (b <= -2e-310)
		tmp = c / -b;
	else
		tmp = -b / a;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -2e-310], N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision], N[((-b) / a), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if b < -1.999999999999994e-310

   1. Initial program 34.0%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)} \]

      2. distribute-neg-frac2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]

      3. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot b}} \]

      4. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-1 \cdot b}} \]

      5. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]

      6. lower-neg.f64 65.2

         \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-b}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 65.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-b}} \]

   if -1.999999999999994e-310 < b

   1. Initial program 72.5%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in c around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b}{a}} \]

      2. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b}{a}} \]

      3. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}}{a} \]

      4. lower-neg.f64 70.8

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-b}}{a} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 70.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-b}{a}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 34.7% accurate, 3.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{c}{-b} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c (- b)))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return c / -b;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = c / -b
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return c / -b;
}

Python

def code(a, b, c):
	return c / -b

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(c / Float64(-b))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = c / -b;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 51.4%

   \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. mul-1-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)} \]

   2. distribute-neg-frac2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]

   3. mul-1-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot b}} \]

   4. lower-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-1 \cdot b}} \]

   5. mul-1-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]

   6. lower-neg.f64 36.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-b}} \]

5. Applied rewrites 36.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-b}} \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 10.7% accurate, 4.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{c}{b} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c b))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return c / b;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = c / b
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return c / b;
}

Python

def code(a, b, c):
	return c / b

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(c / b)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = c / b;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 51.4%

   \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

4. Applied rewrites 33.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\frac{a}{b - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)}}}} \]

5. Taylor expanded in c around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-/.f64 8.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b}} \]

7. Applied rewrites 8.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b}} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 2.6% accurate, 4.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{b}{a} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ b a))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return b / a;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = b / a
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return b / a;
}

Python

def code(a, b, c):
	return b / a

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(b / a)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = b / a;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(b / a), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 51.4%

   \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

4. Applied rewrites 33.3%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\frac{a}{b - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)}}}} \]

5. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{b}{a}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-/.f64 2.6

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{b}{a}} \]

7. Applied rewrites 2.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{b}{a}} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Developer Target 1: 70.4% accurate, 0.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;b < 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{a \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) + t\_0}{2 \cdot a}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - t\_0}{2 \cdot a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))))
   (if (< b 0.0)
     (/ c (* a (/ (+ (- b) t_0) (* 2.0 a))))
     (/ (- (- b) t_0) (* 2.0 a)))))

C

double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double t_0 = sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))));
	double tmp;
	if (b < 0.0) {
		tmp = c / (a * ((-b + t_0) / (2.0 * a)));
	} else {
		tmp = (-b - t_0) / (2.0 * a);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0d0 * (a * c))))
    if (b < 0.0d0) then
        tmp = c / (a * ((-b + t_0) / (2.0d0 * a)))
    else
        tmp = (-b - t_0) / (2.0d0 * a)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double t_0 = Math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))));
	double tmp;
	if (b < 0.0) {
		tmp = c / (a * ((-b + t_0) / (2.0 * a)));
	} else {
		tmp = (-b - t_0) / (2.0 * a);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(a, b, c):
	t_0 = math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))
	tmp = 0
	if b < 0.0:
		tmp = c / (a * ((-b + t_0) / (2.0 * a)))
	else:
		tmp = (-b - t_0) / (2.0 * a)
	return tmp

Julia

function code(a, b, c)
	t_0 = sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(4.0 * Float64(a * c))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b < 0.0)
		tmp = Float64(c / Float64(a * Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + t_0) / Float64(2.0 * a))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) - t_0) / Float64(2.0 * a));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c)
	t_0 = sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (b < 0.0)
		tmp = c / (a * ((-b + t_0) / (2.0 * a)));
	else
		tmp = (-b - t_0) / (2.0 * a);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[b, 0.0], N[(c / N[(a * N[(N[((-b) + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[((-b) - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024267 
(FPCore (a b c)
  :name "The quadratic formula (r2)"
  :precision binary64

  :alt
  (! :herbie-platform default (let ((d (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4 (* a c)))))) (let ((r1 (/ (+ (- b) d) (* 2 a)))) (let ((r2 (/ (- (- b) d) (* 2 a)))) (if (< b 0) (/ c (* a r1)) r2)))))

  (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))