Diagrams.Trail:splitAtParam from diagrams-lib-1.3.0.3, C

Percentage Accurate: 100.0% → 100.0%
Time: 5.6s
Alternatives: 10
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x - y}{1 - y} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ (- x y) (- 1.0 y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
	return (x - y) / (1.0 - y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    code = (x - y) / (1.0d0 - y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	return (x - y) / (1.0 - y);
}
def code(x, y):
	return (x - y) / (1.0 - y)
function code(x, y)
	return Float64(Float64(x - y) / Float64(1.0 - y))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	tmp = (x - y) / (1.0 - y);
end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x - y}{1 - y}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 10 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 100.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x - y}{1 - y} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ (- x y) (- 1.0 y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
	return (x - y) / (1.0 - y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    code = (x - y) / (1.0d0 - y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	return (x - y) / (1.0 - y);
}
def code(x, y):
	return (x - y) / (1.0 - y)
function code(x, y)
	return Float64(Float64(x - y) / Float64(1.0 - y))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	tmp = (x - y) / (1.0 - y);
end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x - y}{1 - y}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 100.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x - y}{1 - y} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (/ (- x y) (- 1.0 y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
	return (x - y) / (1.0 - y);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    code = (x - y) / (1.0d0 - y)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	return (x - y) / (1.0 - y);
}
def code(x, y):
	return (x - y) / (1.0 - y)
function code(x, y)
	return Float64(Float64(x - y) / Float64(1.0 - y))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	tmp = (x - y) / (1.0 - y);
end
code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x - y}{1 - y}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 100.0%

    \[\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 97.8% accurate, 0.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{x - y}{1 - y}\\ t_1 := \frac{x}{1 - y}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -4000000:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-23}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, y, x\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{y}{y - 1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (- x y) (- 1.0 y))) (t_1 (/ x (- 1.0 y))))
   (if (<= t_0 -4000000.0)
     t_1
     (if (<= t_0 4e-23)
       (fma -1.0 y x)
       (if (<= t_0 2.0) (/ y (- y 1.0)) t_1)))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (x - y) / (1.0 - y);
	double t_1 = x / (1.0 - y);
	double tmp;
	if (t_0 <= -4000000.0) {
		tmp = t_1;
	} else if (t_0 <= 4e-23) {
		tmp = fma(-1.0, y, x);
	} else if (t_0 <= 2.0) {
		tmp = y / (y - 1.0);
	} else {
		tmp = t_1;
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(x - y) / Float64(1.0 - y))
	t_1 = Float64(x / Float64(1.0 - y))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_0 <= -4000000.0)
		tmp = t_1;
	elseif (t_0 <= 4e-23)
		tmp = fma(-1.0, y, x);
	elseif (t_0 <= 2.0)
		tmp = Float64(y / Float64(y - 1.0));
	else
		tmp = t_1;
	end
	return tmp
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(x / N[(1.0 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, -4000000.0], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 4e-23], N[(-1.0 * y + x), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2.0], N[(y / N[(y - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{x - y}{1 - y}\\
t_1 := \frac{x}{1 - y}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -4000000:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_1\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-23}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, y, x\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{y}{y - 1}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_1\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (/.f64 (-.f64 x y) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y)) < -4e6 or 2 < (/.f64 (-.f64 x y) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y))

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 - y}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 - y}} \]
      2. lower--.f6498.7

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{1 - y}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites98.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 - y}} \]

    if -4e6 < (/.f64 (-.f64 x y) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y)) < 3.99999999999999984e-23

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + -1 \cdot \left(y \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(y \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right) + x} \]
      2. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(y \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)} + x \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right) \cdot y}\right)\right) + x \]
      4. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \cdot y} + x \]
      5. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right), y, x\right)} \]
      6. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)}\right)\right), y, x\right) \]
      7. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right) + 1\right)}\right), y, x\right) \]
      8. distribute-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}, y, x\right) \]
      9. remove-double-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right), y, x\right) \]
      10. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x - 1}, y, x\right) \]
      11. lower--.f64100.0

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x - 1}, y, x\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x - 1, y, x\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, y, x\right) \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites100.0%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, y, x\right) \]

      if 3.99999999999999984e-23 < (/.f64 (-.f64 x y) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y)) < 2

      1. Initial program 100.0%

        \[\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{y}{1 - y}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. mul-1-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{y}{1 - y}\right)} \]
        2. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - y\right)\right)}} \]
        3. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - y\right)\right)}} \]
        4. neg-sub0N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{0 - \left(1 - y\right)}} \]
        5. associate--r-N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{\left(0 - 1\right) + y}} \]
        6. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{-1} + y} \]
        7. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{y + -1}} \]
        8. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y}{y + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}} \]
        9. sub-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{y - 1}} \]
        10. lower--.f6499.6

          \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{y - 1}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{y - 1}} \]
    8. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
    9. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 97.3% accurate, 0.2× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{x - y}{1 - y}\\ t_1 := \frac{x}{1 - y}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -4000000:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, y, x\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x y)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_0 (/ (- x y) (- 1.0 y))) (t_1 (/ x (- 1.0 y))))
       (if (<= t_0 -4000000.0)
         t_1
         (if (<= t_0 2e-11) (fma -1.0 y x) (if (<= t_0 2.0) 1.0 t_1)))))
    double code(double x, double y) {
    	double t_0 = (x - y) / (1.0 - y);
    	double t_1 = x / (1.0 - y);
    	double tmp;
    	if (t_0 <= -4000000.0) {
    		tmp = t_1;
    	} else if (t_0 <= 2e-11) {
    		tmp = fma(-1.0, y, x);
    	} else if (t_0 <= 2.0) {
    		tmp = 1.0;
    	} else {
    		tmp = t_1;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    function code(x, y)
    	t_0 = Float64(Float64(x - y) / Float64(1.0 - y))
    	t_1 = Float64(x / Float64(1.0 - y))
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (t_0 <= -4000000.0)
    		tmp = t_1;
    	elseif (t_0 <= 2e-11)
    		tmp = fma(-1.0, y, x);
    	elseif (t_0 <= 2.0)
    		tmp = 1.0;
    	else
    		tmp = t_1;
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(x / N[(1.0 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, -4000000.0], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2e-11], N[(-1.0 * y + x), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2.0], 1.0, t$95$1]]]]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := \frac{x - y}{1 - y}\\
    t_1 := \frac{x}{1 - y}\\
    \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -4000000:\\
    \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, y, x\right)\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2:\\
    \;\;\;\;1\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 3 regimes
    2. if (/.f64 (-.f64 x y) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y)) < -4e6 or 2 < (/.f64 (-.f64 x y) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y))

      1. Initial program 100.0%

        \[\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 - y}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 - y}} \]
        2. lower--.f6498.7

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{1 - y}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites98.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 - y}} \]

      if -4e6 < (/.f64 (-.f64 x y) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y)) < 1.99999999999999988e-11

      1. Initial program 100.0%

        \[\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + -1 \cdot \left(y \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right)} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(y \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right) + x} \]
        2. mul-1-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(y \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)} + x \]
        3. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right) \cdot y}\right)\right) + x \]
        4. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \cdot y} + x \]
        5. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right), y, x\right)} \]
        6. mul-1-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)}\right)\right), y, x\right) \]
        7. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right) + 1\right)}\right), y, x\right) \]
        8. distribute-neg-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}, y, x\right) \]
        9. remove-double-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right), y, x\right) \]
        10. sub-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x - 1}, y, x\right) \]
        11. lower--.f6499.5

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x - 1}, y, x\right) \]
      5. Applied rewrites99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x - 1, y, x\right)} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in x around 0

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, y, x\right) \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites99.5%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, y, x\right) \]

        if 1.99999999999999988e-11 < (/.f64 (-.f64 x y) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y)) < 2

        1. Initial program 100.0%

          \[\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites97.4%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
        5. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
        6. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 4: 84.9% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{x - y}{1 - y}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, y, x\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 500000000:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, y, x\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (x y)
         :precision binary64
         (let* ((t_0 (/ (- x y) (- 1.0 y))))
           (if (<= t_0 2e-11)
             (fma -1.0 y x)
             (if (<= t_0 500000000.0) 1.0 (fma -1.0 y x)))))
        double code(double x, double y) {
        	double t_0 = (x - y) / (1.0 - y);
        	double tmp;
        	if (t_0 <= 2e-11) {
        		tmp = fma(-1.0, y, x);
        	} else if (t_0 <= 500000000.0) {
        		tmp = 1.0;
        	} else {
        		tmp = fma(-1.0, y, x);
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        function code(x, y)
        	t_0 = Float64(Float64(x - y) / Float64(1.0 - y))
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (t_0 <= 2e-11)
        		tmp = fma(-1.0, y, x);
        	elseif (t_0 <= 500000000.0)
        		tmp = 1.0;
        	else
        		tmp = fma(-1.0, y, x);
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2e-11], N[(-1.0 * y + x), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 500000000.0], 1.0, N[(-1.0 * y + x), $MachinePrecision]]]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        t_0 := \frac{x - y}{1 - y}\\
        \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, y, x\right)\\
        
        \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 500000000:\\
        \;\;\;\;1\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-1, y, x\right)\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if (/.f64 (-.f64 x y) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y)) < 1.99999999999999988e-11 or 5e8 < (/.f64 (-.f64 x y) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y))

          1. Initial program 100.0%

            \[\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + -1 \cdot \left(y \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right)} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(y \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right) + x} \]
            2. mul-1-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(y \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)} + x \]
            3. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right) \cdot y}\right)\right) + x \]
            4. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \cdot y} + x \]
            5. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right), y, x\right)} \]
            6. mul-1-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)}\right)\right), y, x\right) \]
            7. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right) + 1\right)}\right), y, x\right) \]
            8. distribute-neg-inN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}, y, x\right) \]
            9. remove-double-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right), y, x\right) \]
            10. sub-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x - 1}, y, x\right) \]
            11. lower--.f6482.2

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x - 1}, y, x\right) \]
          5. Applied rewrites82.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x - 1, y, x\right)} \]
          6. Taylor expanded in x around 0

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, y, x\right) \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites82.4%

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, y, x\right) \]

            if 1.99999999999999988e-11 < (/.f64 (-.f64 x y) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y)) < 5e8

            1. Initial program 100.0%

              \[\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites96.5%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
            5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            6. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 5: 98.3% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{1 - x}{y} - -1\\ \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x - 1, y, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (x y)
             :precision binary64
             (let* ((t_0 (- (/ (- 1.0 x) y) -1.0)))
               (if (<= y -1.0) t_0 (if (<= y 1.0) (fma (- x 1.0) y x) t_0))))
            double code(double x, double y) {
            	double t_0 = ((1.0 - x) / y) - -1.0;
            	double tmp;
            	if (y <= -1.0) {
            		tmp = t_0;
            	} else if (y <= 1.0) {
            		tmp = fma((x - 1.0), y, x);
            	} else {
            		tmp = t_0;
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            function code(x, y)
            	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 - x) / y) - -1.0)
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if (y <= -1.0)
            		tmp = t_0;
            	elseif (y <= 1.0)
            		tmp = fma(Float64(x - 1.0), y, x);
            	else
            		tmp = t_0;
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] / y), $MachinePrecision] - -1.0), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[y, -1.0], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[y, 1.0], N[(N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * y + x), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            t_0 := \frac{1 - x}{y} - -1\\
            \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1:\\
            \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
            
            \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 1:\\
            \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x - 1, y, x\right)\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 2 regimes
            2. if y < -1 or 1 < y

              1. Initial program 100.0%

                \[\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y} + \frac{1}{y}\right)} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y} + \frac{1}{y}\right) + 1} \]
                2. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{y} + -1 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)} + 1 \]
                3. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{y} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)\right)}\right) + 1 \]
                4. sub-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{y} - \frac{x}{y}\right)} + 1 \]
                5. div-subN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - x}{y}} + 1 \]
                6. metadata-evalN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1 - x}{y} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)} \]
                7. sub-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - x}{y} - -1} \]
                8. lower--.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - x}{y} - -1} \]
                9. sub-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)}}{y} - -1 \]
                10. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1 + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot x}}{y} - -1 \]
                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 + -1 \cdot x}{y}} - -1 \]
                12. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1 + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)}}{y} - -1 \]
                13. sub-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 - x}}{y} - -1 \]
                14. lower--.f6499.0

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 - x}}{y} - -1 \]
              5. Applied rewrites99.0%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - x}{y} - -1} \]

              if -1 < y < 1

              1. Initial program 100.0%

                \[\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + -1 \cdot \left(y \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right)} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(y \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right) + x} \]
                2. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(y \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)} + x \]
                3. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right) \cdot y}\right)\right) + x \]
                4. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \cdot y} + x \]
                5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right), y, x\right)} \]
                6. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)}\right)\right), y, x\right) \]
                7. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right) + 1\right)}\right), y, x\right) \]
                8. distribute-neg-inN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}, y, x\right) \]
                9. remove-double-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right), y, x\right) \]
                10. sub-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x - 1}, y, x\right) \]
                11. lower--.f6499.2

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x - 1}, y, x\right) \]
              5. Applied rewrites99.2%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x - 1, y, x\right)} \]
            3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            4. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 6: 98.0% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{-x}{y} - -1\\ \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -0.82:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x - 1, y, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (x y)
             :precision binary64
             (let* ((t_0 (- (/ (- x) y) -1.0)))
               (if (<= y -0.82) t_0 (if (<= y 1.0) (fma (- x 1.0) y x) t_0))))
            double code(double x, double y) {
            	double t_0 = (-x / y) - -1.0;
            	double tmp;
            	if (y <= -0.82) {
            		tmp = t_0;
            	} else if (y <= 1.0) {
            		tmp = fma((x - 1.0), y, x);
            	} else {
            		tmp = t_0;
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            function code(x, y)
            	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(-x) / y) - -1.0)
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if (y <= -0.82)
            		tmp = t_0;
            	elseif (y <= 1.0)
            		tmp = fma(Float64(x - 1.0), y, x);
            	else
            		tmp = t_0;
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[((-x) / y), $MachinePrecision] - -1.0), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[y, -0.82], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[y, 1.0], N[(N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * y + x), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            t_0 := \frac{-x}{y} - -1\\
            \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -0.82:\\
            \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
            
            \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 1:\\
            \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x - 1, y, x\right)\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 2 regimes
            2. if y < -0.819999999999999951 or 1 < y

              1. Initial program 100.0%

                \[\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y} + \frac{1}{y}\right)} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y} + \frac{1}{y}\right) + 1} \]
                2. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{y} + -1 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)} + 1 \]
                3. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{y} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)\right)}\right) + 1 \]
                4. sub-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{y} - \frac{x}{y}\right)} + 1 \]
                5. div-subN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - x}{y}} + 1 \]
                6. metadata-evalN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1 - x}{y} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)} \]
                7. sub-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - x}{y} - -1} \]
                8. lower--.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - x}{y} - -1} \]
                9. sub-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)}}{y} - -1 \]
                10. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1 + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot x}}{y} - -1 \]
                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 + -1 \cdot x}{y}} - -1 \]
                12. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1 + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)}}{y} - -1 \]
                13. sub-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 - x}}{y} - -1 \]
                14. lower--.f6499.0

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 - x}}{y} - -1 \]
              5. Applied rewrites99.0%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - x}{y} - -1} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                \[\leadsto \frac{-1 \cdot x}{y} - -1 \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites97.8%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-x}{y} - -1 \]

                if -0.819999999999999951 < y < 1

                1. Initial program 100.0%

                  \[\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + -1 \cdot \left(y \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right)} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(y \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right) + x} \]
                  2. mul-1-negN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(y \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)} + x \]
                  3. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right) \cdot y}\right)\right) + x \]
                  4. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \cdot y} + x \]
                  5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right), y, x\right)} \]
                  6. mul-1-negN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)}\right)\right), y, x\right) \]
                  7. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right) + 1\right)}\right), y, x\right) \]
                  8. distribute-neg-inN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}, y, x\right) \]
                  9. remove-double-negN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right), y, x\right) \]
                  10. sub-negN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x - 1}, y, x\right) \]
                  11. lower--.f6499.2

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x - 1}, y, x\right) \]
                5. Applied rewrites99.2%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x - 1, y, x\right)} \]
              8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
              9. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 7: 50.0% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\ \;\;\;\;-y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (x y)
               :precision binary64
               (if (<= (/ (- x y) (- 1.0 y)) 2e-11) (- y) 1.0))
              double code(double x, double y) {
              	double tmp;
              	if (((x - y) / (1.0 - y)) <= 2e-11) {
              		tmp = -y;
              	} else {
              		tmp = 1.0;
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              real(8) function code(x, y)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  real(8) :: tmp
                  if (((x - y) / (1.0d0 - y)) <= 2d-11) then
                      tmp = -y
                  else
                      tmp = 1.0d0
                  end if
                  code = tmp
              end function
              
              public static double code(double x, double y) {
              	double tmp;
              	if (((x - y) / (1.0 - y)) <= 2e-11) {
              		tmp = -y;
              	} else {
              		tmp = 1.0;
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              def code(x, y):
              	tmp = 0
              	if ((x - y) / (1.0 - y)) <= 2e-11:
              		tmp = -y
              	else:
              		tmp = 1.0
              	return tmp
              
              function code(x, y)
              	tmp = 0.0
              	if (Float64(Float64(x - y) / Float64(1.0 - y)) <= 2e-11)
              		tmp = Float64(-y);
              	else
              		tmp = 1.0;
              	end
              	return tmp
              end
              
              function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
              	tmp = 0.0;
              	if (((x - y) / (1.0 - y)) <= 2e-11)
              		tmp = -y;
              	else
              		tmp = 1.0;
              	end
              	tmp_2 = tmp;
              end
              
              code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(x - y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2e-11], (-y), 1.0]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \begin{array}{l}
              \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-11}:\\
              \;\;\;\;-y\\
              
              \mathbf{else}:\\
              \;\;\;\;1\\
              
              
              \end{array}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Split input into 2 regimes
              2. if (/.f64 (-.f64 x y) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y)) < 1.99999999999999988e-11

                1. Initial program 100.0%

                  \[\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{y}{1 - y}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. mul-1-negN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{y}{1 - y}\right)} \]
                  2. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - y\right)\right)}} \]
                  3. lower-/.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - y\right)\right)}} \]
                  4. neg-sub0N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{0 - \left(1 - y\right)}} \]
                  5. associate--r-N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{\left(0 - 1\right) + y}} \]
                  6. metadata-evalN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{-1} + y} \]
                  7. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{y + -1}} \]
                  8. metadata-evalN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{y}{y + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}} \]
                  9. sub-negN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{y - 1}} \]
                  10. lower--.f6422.2

                    \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{y - 1}} \]
                5. Applied rewrites22.2%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{y - 1}} \]
                6. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                  \[\leadsto -1 \cdot \color{blue}{y} \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites22.5%

                    \[\leadsto -y \]

                  if 1.99999999999999988e-11 < (/.f64 (-.f64 x y) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y))

                  1. Initial program 100.0%

                    \[\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites70.8%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                  5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                  6. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 8: 86.0% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x - 1, y, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                  (FPCore (x y)
                   :precision binary64
                   (if (<= y -1.0) 1.0 (if (<= y 1.0) (fma (- x 1.0) y x) 1.0)))
                  double code(double x, double y) {
                  	double tmp;
                  	if (y <= -1.0) {
                  		tmp = 1.0;
                  	} else if (y <= 1.0) {
                  		tmp = fma((x - 1.0), y, x);
                  	} else {
                  		tmp = 1.0;
                  	}
                  	return tmp;
                  }
                  
                  function code(x, y)
                  	tmp = 0.0
                  	if (y <= -1.0)
                  		tmp = 1.0;
                  	elseif (y <= 1.0)
                  		tmp = fma(Float64(x - 1.0), y, x);
                  	else
                  		tmp = 1.0;
                  	end
                  	return tmp
                  end
                  
                  code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[y, -1.0], 1.0, If[LessEqual[y, 1.0], N[(N[(x - 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * y + x), $MachinePrecision], 1.0]]
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  
                  \\
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1:\\
                  \;\;\;\;1\\
                  
                  \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 1:\\
                  \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x - 1, y, x\right)\\
                  
                  \mathbf{else}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;1\\
                  
                  
                  \end{array}
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Split input into 2 regimes
                  2. if y < -1 or 1 < y

                    1. Initial program 100.0%

                      \[\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites77.9%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

                      if -1 < y < 1

                      1. Initial program 100.0%

                        \[\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + -1 \cdot \left(y \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right)} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. +-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(y \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right) + x} \]
                        2. mul-1-negN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(y \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right)\right)} + x \]
                        3. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right) \cdot y}\right)\right) + x \]
                        4. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right)\right) \cdot y} + x \]
                        5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + -1 \cdot x\right)\right), y, x\right)} \]
                        6. mul-1-negN/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)}\right)\right), y, x\right) \]
                        7. +-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right) + 1\right)}\right), y, x\right) \]
                        8. distribute-neg-inN/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}, y, x\right) \]
                        9. remove-double-negN/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right), y, x\right) \]
                        10. sub-negN/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x - 1}, y, x\right) \]
                        11. lower--.f6499.2

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x - 1}, y, x\right) \]
                      5. Applied rewrites99.2%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x - 1, y, x\right)} \]
                    5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                    6. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 9: 74.0% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -0.45:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 1:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                    (FPCore (x y)
                     :precision binary64
                     (if (<= y -0.45) 1.0 (if (<= y 1.0) (fma y x x) 1.0)))
                    double code(double x, double y) {
                    	double tmp;
                    	if (y <= -0.45) {
                    		tmp = 1.0;
                    	} else if (y <= 1.0) {
                    		tmp = fma(y, x, x);
                    	} else {
                    		tmp = 1.0;
                    	}
                    	return tmp;
                    }
                    
                    function code(x, y)
                    	tmp = 0.0
                    	if (y <= -0.45)
                    		tmp = 1.0;
                    	elseif (y <= 1.0)
                    		tmp = fma(y, x, x);
                    	else
                    		tmp = 1.0;
                    	end
                    	return tmp
                    end
                    
                    code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[y, -0.45], 1.0, If[LessEqual[y, 1.0], N[(y * x + x), $MachinePrecision], 1.0]]
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    
                    \\
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -0.45:\\
                    \;\;\;\;1\\
                    
                    \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 1:\\
                    \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, x\right)\\
                    
                    \mathbf{else}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;1\\
                    
                    
                    \end{array}
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Split input into 2 regimes
                    2. if y < -0.450000000000000011 or 1 < y

                      1. Initial program 100.0%

                        \[\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites77.9%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

                        if -0.450000000000000011 < y < 1

                        1. Initial program 100.0%

                          \[\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 - y}} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. lower-/.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 - y}} \]
                          2. lower--.f6480.9

                            \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{1 - y}} \]
                        5. Applied rewrites80.9%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{1 - y}} \]
                        6. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                          \[\leadsto x + \color{blue}{x \cdot y} \]
                        7. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites80.4%

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(y, \color{blue}{x}, x\right) \]
                        8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                        9. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 10: 38.6% accurate, 18.0× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 \end{array} \]
                        (FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 1.0)
                        double code(double x, double y) {
                        	return 1.0;
                        }
                        
                        real(8) function code(x, y)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                            code = 1.0d0
                        end function
                        
                        public static double code(double x, double y) {
                        	return 1.0;
                        }
                        
                        def code(x, y):
                        	return 1.0
                        
                        function code(x, y)
                        	return 1.0
                        end
                        
                        function tmp = code(x, y)
                        	tmp = 1.0;
                        end
                        
                        code[x_, y_] := 1.0
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        
                        \\
                        1
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Initial program 100.0%

                          \[\frac{x - y}{1 - y} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites41.5%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing

                          Reproduce

                          ?
                          herbie shell --seed 2024256 
                          (FPCore (x y)
                            :name "Diagrams.Trail:splitAtParam  from diagrams-lib-1.3.0.3, C"
                            :precision binary64
                            (/ (- x y) (- 1.0 y)))