Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (13)

Percentage Accurate: 25.0% → 53.5%
Time: 16.6s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 156.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\ \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))))
   (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c0
    real(8), intent (in) :: w
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (c0 * (d_1 * d_1)) / ((w * h) * (d * d))
    code = (c0 / (2.0d0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (m * m))))
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D))
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D)))
	return Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M)))))
end
function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 25.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\ \frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))))
   (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ t_0 (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M)))))))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c0
    real(8), intent (in) :: w
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (c0 * (d_1 * d_1)) / ((w * h) * (d * d))
    code = (c0 / (2.0d0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (m * m))))
end function
public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
}
def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D))
	return (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))))
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(c0 * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(w * h) * Float64(D * D)))
	return Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(2.0 * w)) * Float64(t_0 + sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M)))))
end
function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = (c0 * (d * d)) / ((w * h) * (D * D));
	tmp = (c0 / (2.0 * w)) * (t_0 + sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))));
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(c0 * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(w * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(c0 / N[(2.0 * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}\\
\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(t\_0 + \sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 53.5% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}\\ t_1 := \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_1 \cdot t\_1 - M \cdot M} + t\_1\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(0.5 \cdot c0\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{d}{t\_0 \cdot \left(D \cdot w\right)}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot t\_0\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right)}{w}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ h (/ d D))) (t_1 (/ (* (* d d) c0) (* (* D D) (* h w)))))
   (if (<=
        (* (+ (sqrt (- (* t_1 t_1) (* M M))) t_1) (/ c0 (* w 2.0)))
        INFINITY)
     (/
      (*
       (* 0.5 c0)
       (fma
        (/ d (* t_0 (* D w)))
        c0
        (sqrt (fma (- M) M (pow (* (/ (/ w c0) (/ d D)) t_0) -2.0)))))
      w)
     0.0)))
double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
	double t_0 = h / (d / D);
	double t_1 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
	double tmp;
	if (((sqrt(((t_1 * t_1) - (M * M))) + t_1) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = ((0.5 * c0) * fma((d / (t_0 * (D * w))), c0, sqrt(fma(-M, M, pow((((w / c0) / (d / D)) * t_0), -2.0))))) / w;
	} else {
		tmp = 0.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
	t_0 = Float64(h / Float64(d / D))
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(d * d) * c0) / Float64(Float64(D * D) * Float64(h * w)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_1 * t_1) - Float64(M * M))) + t_1) * Float64(c0 / Float64(w * 2.0))) <= Inf)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(0.5 * c0) * fma(Float64(d / Float64(t_0 * Float64(D * w))), c0, sqrt(fma(Float64(-M), M, (Float64(Float64(Float64(w / c0) / Float64(d / D)) * t_0) ^ -2.0))))) / w);
	else
		tmp = 0.0;
	end
	return tmp
end
code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(h / N[(d / D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision] * c0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$1 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c0 / N[(w * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], Infinity], N[(N[(N[(0.5 * c0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(d / N[(t$95$0 * N[(D * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * c0 + N[Sqrt[N[((-M) * M + N[Power[N[(N[(N[(w / c0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(d / D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision], -2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / w), $MachinePrecision], 0.0]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}\\
t_1 := \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_1 \cdot t\_1 - M \cdot M} + t\_1\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\left(0.5 \cdot c0\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{d}{t\_0 \cdot \left(D \cdot w\right)}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot t\_0\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right)}{w}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) < +inf.0

    1. Initial program 75.5%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Applied rewrites73.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\frac{h \cdot w}{c0}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{h \cdot w}{c0}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{h \cdot w}{c0}}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      3. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{h \cdot w}}{c0}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      4. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{h \cdot \frac{w}{c0}}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      5. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h \cdot \frac{w}{c0}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      6. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h \cdot \frac{w}{c0}}{\color{blue}{\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      7. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      8. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      9. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\color{blue}{\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      10. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      11. lower-/.f6475.6

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{w}{c0}}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w} \]
    5. Applied rewrites75.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      2. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      3. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      4. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}}{\color{blue}{h \cdot w}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}}{\color{blue}{w \cdot h}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      6. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      7. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      8. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w}} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      9. lower-/.f6478.0

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w} \]
    7. Applied rewrites78.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w}} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      3. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{d}{D}}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      4. associate-/l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{d}{w \cdot D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      5. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{d}{w \cdot D} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      6. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{d}{w \cdot D} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      7. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{d}{w \cdot D} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      8. frac-timesN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{d \cdot 1}{\left(w \cdot D\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      9. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{d \cdot 1}{\left(w \cdot D\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{d \cdot 1}}{\left(w \cdot D\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      11. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{d \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\left(w \cdot D\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      12. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{d \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\left(D \cdot w\right)} \cdot \frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
      13. lower-*.f6478.0

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{d \cdot 1}{\color{blue}{\left(D \cdot w\right)} \cdot \frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w} \]
    9. Applied rewrites78.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{d \cdot 1}{\left(D \cdot w\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w} \]

    if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M)))))

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites34.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0 \cdot \left(c0 \cdot c0\right)}{w} \cdot -0.5} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in w around 0

      \[\leadsto 0 \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites45.2%

        \[\leadsto 0 \]
    8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    9. Final simplification55.8%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} - M \cdot M} + \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(0.5 \cdot c0\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{d}{\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \left(D \cdot w\right)}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right)}{w}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \]
    10. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 2: 53.5% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M} + t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{D \cdot w}{d \cdot c0} \cdot \frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot c0\right)}{w}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_0 (/ (* (* d d) c0) (* (* D D) (* h w)))))
       (if (<=
            (* (+ (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M))) t_0) (/ c0 (* w 2.0)))
            INFINITY)
         (/
          (*
           (fma
            (* (/ (/ d D) h) (/ (/ d D) w))
            c0
            (sqrt (fma (- M) M (pow (* (/ (* D w) (* d c0)) (/ h (/ d D))) -2.0))))
           (* 0.5 c0))
          w)
         0.0)))
    double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
    	double t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
    	double tmp;
    	if (((sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
    		tmp = (fma((((d / D) / h) * ((d / D) / w)), c0, sqrt(fma(-M, M, pow((((D * w) / (d * c0)) * (h / (d / D))), -2.0)))) * (0.5 * c0)) / w;
    	} else {
    		tmp = 0.0;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
    	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(d * d) * c0) / Float64(Float64(D * D) * Float64(h * w)))
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M))) + t_0) * Float64(c0 / Float64(w * 2.0))) <= Inf)
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(Float64(d / D) / h) * Float64(Float64(d / D) / w)), c0, sqrt(fma(Float64(-M), M, (Float64(Float64(Float64(D * w) / Float64(d * c0)) * Float64(h / Float64(d / D))) ^ -2.0)))) * Float64(0.5 * c0)) / w);
    	else
    		tmp = 0.0;
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision] * c0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c0 / N[(w * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], Infinity], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(d / D), $MachinePrecision] / h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(d / D), $MachinePrecision] / w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * c0 + N[Sqrt[N[((-M) * M + N[Power[N[(N[(N[(D * w), $MachinePrecision] / N[(d * c0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h / N[(d / D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 * c0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / w), $MachinePrecision], 0.0]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\
    \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M} + t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{D \cdot w}{d \cdot c0} \cdot \frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot c0\right)}{w}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;0\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) < +inf.0

      1. Initial program 75.5%

        \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Applied rewrites73.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\frac{h \cdot w}{c0}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{h \cdot w}{c0}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        2. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{h \cdot w}{c0}}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        3. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{h \cdot w}}{c0}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        4. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{h \cdot \frac{w}{c0}}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        5. lift-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h \cdot \frac{w}{c0}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        6. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h \cdot \frac{w}{c0}}{\color{blue}{\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        7. times-fracN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        8. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        9. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\color{blue}{\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        10. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        11. lower-/.f6475.6

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{w}{c0}}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w} \]
      5. Applied rewrites75.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        2. lift-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        3. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        4. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}}{\color{blue}{h \cdot w}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        5. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}}{\color{blue}{w \cdot h}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        6. times-fracN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        7. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        8. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w}} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        9. lower-/.f6478.0

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w} \]
      7. Applied rewrites78.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w} \]
      8. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        2. div-invN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{w}{c0} \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        3. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{w}{c0}} \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        4. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \left(\frac{w}{c0} \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{d}{D}}}\right)\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        5. clear-numN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \left(\frac{w}{c0} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{D}{d}}\right)\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        6. frac-timesN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{w \cdot D}{c0 \cdot d}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        7. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{w \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot c0}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        8. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{w \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot c0}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        9. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{w \cdot D}{d \cdot c0}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        10. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{D \cdot w}}{d \cdot c0}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        11. lower-*.f6477.9

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{D \cdot w}}{d \cdot c0}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w} \]
      9. Applied rewrites77.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{D \cdot w}{d \cdot c0}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w} \]

      if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M)))))

      1. Initial program 0.0%

        \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites34.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0 \cdot \left(c0 \cdot c0\right)}{w} \cdot -0.5} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in w around 0

        \[\leadsto 0 \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites45.2%

          \[\leadsto 0 \]
      8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      9. Final simplification55.8%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} - M \cdot M} + \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{D \cdot w}{d \cdot c0} \cdot \frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot c0\right)}{w}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \]
      10. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 3: 53.4% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M} + t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{d}{\left(D \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot w\right)} \cdot d, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot c0\right)}{w}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_0 (/ (* (* d d) c0) (* (* D D) (* h w)))))
         (if (<=
              (* (+ (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M))) t_0) (/ c0 (* w 2.0)))
              INFINITY)
           (/
            (*
             (fma
              (* (/ d (* (* D h) (* D w))) d)
              c0
              (sqrt (fma (- M) M (pow (* (/ (/ w c0) (/ d D)) (/ h (/ d D))) -2.0))))
             (* 0.5 c0))
            w)
           0.0)))
      double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
      	double t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
      	double tmp;
      	if (((sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
      		tmp = (fma(((d / ((D * h) * (D * w))) * d), c0, sqrt(fma(-M, M, pow((((w / c0) / (d / D)) * (h / (d / D))), -2.0)))) * (0.5 * c0)) / w;
      	} else {
      		tmp = 0.0;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
      	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(d * d) * c0) / Float64(Float64(D * D) * Float64(h * w)))
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M))) + t_0) * Float64(c0 / Float64(w * 2.0))) <= Inf)
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(d / Float64(Float64(D * h) * Float64(D * w))) * d), c0, sqrt(fma(Float64(-M), M, (Float64(Float64(Float64(w / c0) / Float64(d / D)) * Float64(h / Float64(d / D))) ^ -2.0)))) * Float64(0.5 * c0)) / w);
      	else
      		tmp = 0.0;
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision] * c0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c0 / N[(w * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], Infinity], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(d / N[(N[(D * h), $MachinePrecision] * N[(D * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * d), $MachinePrecision] * c0 + N[Sqrt[N[((-M) * M + N[Power[N[(N[(N[(w / c0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(d / D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h / N[(d / D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 * c0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / w), $MachinePrecision], 0.0]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\
      \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M} + t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{d}{\left(D \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot w\right)} \cdot d, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot c0\right)}{w}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;0\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) < +inf.0

        1. Initial program 75.5%

          \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Applied rewrites73.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\frac{h \cdot w}{c0}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{h \cdot w}{c0}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          2. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{h \cdot w}{c0}}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          3. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{h \cdot w}}{c0}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          4. associate-/l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{h \cdot \frac{w}{c0}}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          5. lift-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h \cdot \frac{w}{c0}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          6. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h \cdot \frac{w}{c0}}{\color{blue}{\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          7. times-fracN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          8. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          9. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\color{blue}{\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          10. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          11. lower-/.f6475.6

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{w}{c0}}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w} \]
        5. Applied rewrites75.6%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          2. lift-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          3. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          4. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}}{\color{blue}{h \cdot w}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          5. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}}{\color{blue}{w \cdot h}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          6. times-fracN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          7. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          8. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w}} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          9. lower-/.f6478.0

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w} \]
        7. Applied rewrites78.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w} \]
        8. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          2. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w}} \cdot \frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          3. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{w} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D}}{h}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          4. frac-timesN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}}{w \cdot h}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          5. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{d}{D}}{w \cdot h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          6. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{D} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{d}{D}}}{w \cdot h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          7. frac-timesN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}}}{w \cdot h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          8. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{d \cdot d}}{D \cdot D}}{w \cdot h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          9. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d \cdot d}{\color{blue}{D \cdot D}}}{w \cdot h}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          10. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}}{\color{blue}{h \cdot w}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          11. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{d \cdot d}{D \cdot D}}{\color{blue}{h \cdot w}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          12. associate-/r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{d \cdot d}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          13. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{d \cdot d}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(h \cdot w\right)}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          14. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{d \cdot d}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(w \cdot h\right)}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          15. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{d \cdot d}{\color{blue}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          16. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{d \cdot d}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(D \cdot D\right)}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          17. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{d \cdot d}}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          18. associate-/l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{d \cdot \frac{d}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          19. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{d \cdot \frac{d}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          20. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{d}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          21. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot D\right) \cdot D}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          22. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(h \cdot w\right)} \cdot D\right) \cdot D}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          23. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(h \cdot w\right)} \cdot D\right) \cdot D}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          24. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\color{blue}{\left(D \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)\right)} \cdot D}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
          25. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\color{blue}{D \cdot \left(\left(h \cdot w\right) \cdot D\right)}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
        9. Applied rewrites77.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{d \cdot \frac{d}{\left(h \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot w\right)}}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w} \]

        if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M)))))

        1. Initial program 0.0%

          \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites34.7%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0 \cdot \left(c0 \cdot c0\right)}{w} \cdot -0.5} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in w around 0

          \[\leadsto 0 \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites45.2%

            \[\leadsto 0 \]
        8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        9. Final simplification55.8%

          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} - M \cdot M} + \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{d}{\left(D \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot w\right)} \cdot d, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot c0\right)}{w}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \]
        10. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 4: 53.2% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M} + t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\left(d \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot c0\right)}{\left(\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot h\right) \cdot w}}{w}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
         :precision binary64
         (let* ((t_0 (/ (* (* d d) c0) (* (* D D) (* h w)))))
           (if (<=
                (* (+ (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M))) t_0) (/ c0 (* w 2.0)))
                INFINITY)
             (/ (/ (* (* d c0) (* d c0)) (* (* (* D D) h) w)) w)
             0.0)))
        double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
        	double t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
        	double tmp;
        	if (((sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
        		tmp = (((d * c0) * (d * c0)) / (((D * D) * h) * w)) / w;
        	} else {
        		tmp = 0.0;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
        	double t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
        	double tmp;
        	if (((Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
        		tmp = (((d * c0) * (d * c0)) / (((D * D) * h) * w)) / w;
        	} else {
        		tmp = 0.0;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
        	t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w))
        	tmp = 0
        	if ((math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= math.inf:
        		tmp = (((d * c0) * (d * c0)) / (((D * D) * h) * w)) / w
        	else:
        		tmp = 0.0
        	return tmp
        
        function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
        	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(d * d) * c0) / Float64(Float64(D * D) * Float64(h * w)))
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M))) + t_0) * Float64(c0 / Float64(w * 2.0))) <= Inf)
        		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(d * c0) * Float64(d * c0)) / Float64(Float64(Float64(D * D) * h) * w)) / w);
        	else
        		tmp = 0.0;
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        function tmp_2 = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
        	t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
        	tmp = 0.0;
        	if (((sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= Inf)
        		tmp = (((d * c0) * (d * c0)) / (((D * D) * h) * w)) / w;
        	else
        		tmp = 0.0;
        	end
        	tmp_2 = tmp;
        end
        
        code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision] * c0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c0 / N[(w * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], Infinity], N[(N[(N[(N[(d * c0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(d * c0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision] * h), $MachinePrecision] * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / w), $MachinePrecision], 0.0]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        t_0 := \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\
        \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M} + t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\
        \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\left(d \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot c0\right)}{\left(\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot h\right) \cdot w}}{w}\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;0\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) < +inf.0

          1. Initial program 75.5%

            \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Applied rewrites73.1%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\frac{h \cdot w}{c0}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w}} \]
          4. Taylor expanded in w around 0

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}}{w} \]
          5. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}}{w} \]
            2. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot c0\right)} \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}{w} \]
            3. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(c0 \cdot c0\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(d \cdot d\right)}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}{w} \]
            4. unswap-sqrN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot d\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot d\right)}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}{w} \]
            5. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot d\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot d\right)}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}{w} \]
            6. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(d \cdot c0\right)} \cdot \left(c0 \cdot d\right)}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}{w} \]
            7. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(d \cdot c0\right)} \cdot \left(c0 \cdot d\right)}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}{w} \]
            8. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(d \cdot c0\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(d \cdot c0\right)}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}{w} \]
            9. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(d \cdot c0\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(d \cdot c0\right)}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}{w} \]
            10. associate-*r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(d \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot c0\right)}{\color{blue}{\left({D}^{2} \cdot h\right) \cdot w}}}{w} \]
            11. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(d \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot c0\right)}{\color{blue}{\left({D}^{2} \cdot h\right) \cdot w}}}{w} \]
            12. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(d \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot c0\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(h \cdot {D}^{2}\right)} \cdot w}}{w} \]
            13. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(d \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot c0\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(h \cdot {D}^{2}\right)} \cdot w}}{w} \]
            14. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(d \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot c0\right)}{\left(h \cdot \color{blue}{\left(D \cdot D\right)}\right) \cdot w}}{w} \]
            15. lower-*.f6477.7

              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(d \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot c0\right)}{\left(h \cdot \color{blue}{\left(D \cdot D\right)}\right) \cdot w}}{w} \]
          6. Applied rewrites77.7%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(d \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot c0\right)}{\left(h \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)\right) \cdot w}}}{w} \]

          if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M)))))

          1. Initial program 0.0%

            \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} \]
          5. Applied rewrites34.7%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0 \cdot \left(c0 \cdot c0\right)}{w} \cdot -0.5} \]
          6. Taylor expanded in w around 0

            \[\leadsto 0 \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites45.2%

              \[\leadsto 0 \]
          8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
          9. Final simplification55.7%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} - M \cdot M} + \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\left(d \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot c0\right)}{\left(\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot h\right) \cdot w}}{w}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \]
          10. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 5: 50.2% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M} + t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\left(c0 \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot h\right) \cdot w}}{w}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
           :precision binary64
           (let* ((t_0 (/ (* (* d d) c0) (* (* D D) (* h w)))))
             (if (<=
                  (* (+ (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M))) t_0) (/ c0 (* w 2.0)))
                  INFINITY)
               (/ (/ (* (* c0 c0) (* d d)) (* (* (* D D) h) w)) w)
               0.0)))
          double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
          	double t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
          	double tmp;
          	if (((sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
          		tmp = (((c0 * c0) * (d * d)) / (((D * D) * h) * w)) / w;
          	} else {
          		tmp = 0.0;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
          	double t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
          	double tmp;
          	if (((Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
          		tmp = (((c0 * c0) * (d * d)) / (((D * D) * h) * w)) / w;
          	} else {
          		tmp = 0.0;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
          	t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w))
          	tmp = 0
          	if ((math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= math.inf:
          		tmp = (((c0 * c0) * (d * d)) / (((D * D) * h) * w)) / w
          	else:
          		tmp = 0.0
          	return tmp
          
          function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
          	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(d * d) * c0) / Float64(Float64(D * D) * Float64(h * w)))
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M))) + t_0) * Float64(c0 / Float64(w * 2.0))) <= Inf)
          		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(c0 * c0) * Float64(d * d)) / Float64(Float64(Float64(D * D) * h) * w)) / w);
          	else
          		tmp = 0.0;
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          function tmp_2 = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
          	t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
          	tmp = 0.0;
          	if (((sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= Inf)
          		tmp = (((c0 * c0) * (d * d)) / (((D * D) * h) * w)) / w;
          	else
          		tmp = 0.0;
          	end
          	tmp_2 = tmp;
          end
          
          code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision] * c0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c0 / N[(w * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], Infinity], N[(N[(N[(N[(c0 * c0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision] * h), $MachinePrecision] * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / w), $MachinePrecision], 0.0]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          t_0 := \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\
          \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M} + t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\
          \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\left(c0 \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot h\right) \cdot w}}{w}\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;0\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 2 regimes
          2. if (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) < +inf.0

            1. Initial program 75.5%

              \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Applied rewrites73.1%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\frac{h \cdot w}{c0}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-/.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{\frac{h \cdot w}{c0}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
              2. lift-/.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{h \cdot w}{c0}}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
              3. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{h \cdot w}}{c0}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
              4. associate-/l*N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{\color{blue}{h \cdot \frac{w}{c0}}}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
              5. lift-pow.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h \cdot \frac{w}{c0}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
              6. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h \cdot \frac{w}{c0}}{\color{blue}{\frac{d}{D} \cdot \frac{d}{D}}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
              7. times-fracN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
              8. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
              9. lower-/.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\color{blue}{\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
              10. lower-/.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{w} \]
              11. lower-/.f6475.6

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{w}{c0}}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w} \]
            5. Applied rewrites75.6%

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\frac{d}{D}\right)}^{2}}{h \cdot w}, c0, \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-M, M, {\color{blue}{\left(\frac{h}{\frac{d}{D}} \cdot \frac{\frac{w}{c0}}{\frac{d}{D}}\right)}}^{-2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot 0.5\right)}{w} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in w around 0

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}}{w} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-/.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}}{w} \]
              2. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{{d}^{2} \cdot {c0}^{2}}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}{w} \]
              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{{d}^{2} \cdot {c0}^{2}}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}{w} \]
              4. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(d \cdot d\right)} \cdot {c0}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}{w} \]
              5. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(d \cdot d\right)} \cdot {c0}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}{w} \]
              6. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot c0\right)}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}{w} \]
              7. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot c0\right)}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}}{w} \]
              8. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot c0\right)}{\color{blue}{\left({D}^{2} \cdot h\right) \cdot w}}}{w} \]
              9. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot c0\right)}{\color{blue}{\left({D}^{2} \cdot h\right) \cdot w}}}{w} \]
              10. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot c0\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(h \cdot {D}^{2}\right)} \cdot w}}{w} \]
              11. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot c0\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(h \cdot {D}^{2}\right)} \cdot w}}{w} \]
              12. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot c0\right)}{\left(h \cdot \color{blue}{\left(D \cdot D\right)}\right) \cdot w}}{w} \]
              13. lower-*.f6468.2

                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot c0\right)}{\left(h \cdot \color{blue}{\left(D \cdot D\right)}\right) \cdot w}}{w} \]
            8. Applied rewrites68.2%

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot \left(c0 \cdot c0\right)}{\left(h \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)\right) \cdot w}}}{w} \]

            if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M)))))

            1. Initial program 0.0%

              \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} \]
            5. Applied rewrites34.7%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0 \cdot \left(c0 \cdot c0\right)}{w} \cdot -0.5} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in w around 0

              \[\leadsto 0 \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites45.2%

                \[\leadsto 0 \]
            8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            9. Final simplification52.6%

              \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} - M \cdot M} + \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\left(c0 \cdot c0\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot h\right) \cdot w}}{w}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \]
            10. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 6: 51.4% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M} + t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{d}{\left(w \cdot w\right) \cdot h} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{D \cdot D} \cdot d\right)\right) \cdot c0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
             :precision binary64
             (let* ((t_0 (/ (* (* d d) c0) (* (* D D) (* h w)))))
               (if (<=
                    (* (+ (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M))) t_0) (/ c0 (* w 2.0)))
                    INFINITY)
                 (* (* (/ d (* (* w w) h)) (* (/ c0 (* D D)) d)) c0)
                 0.0)))
            double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
            	double t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
            	double tmp;
            	if (((sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
            		tmp = ((d / ((w * w) * h)) * ((c0 / (D * D)) * d)) * c0;
            	} else {
            		tmp = 0.0;
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
            	double t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
            	double tmp;
            	if (((Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
            		tmp = ((d / ((w * w) * h)) * ((c0 / (D * D)) * d)) * c0;
            	} else {
            		tmp = 0.0;
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
            	t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w))
            	tmp = 0
            	if ((math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= math.inf:
            		tmp = ((d / ((w * w) * h)) * ((c0 / (D * D)) * d)) * c0
            	else:
            		tmp = 0.0
            	return tmp
            
            function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
            	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(d * d) * c0) / Float64(Float64(D * D) * Float64(h * w)))
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M))) + t_0) * Float64(c0 / Float64(w * 2.0))) <= Inf)
            		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(d / Float64(Float64(w * w) * h)) * Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(D * D)) * d)) * c0);
            	else
            		tmp = 0.0;
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            function tmp_2 = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
            	t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
            	tmp = 0.0;
            	if (((sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= Inf)
            		tmp = ((d / ((w * w) * h)) * ((c0 / (D * D)) * d)) * c0;
            	else
            		tmp = 0.0;
            	end
            	tmp_2 = tmp;
            end
            
            code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision] * c0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c0 / N[(w * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], Infinity], N[(N[(N[(d / N[(N[(w * w), $MachinePrecision] * h), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c0 / N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * c0), $MachinePrecision], 0.0]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            t_0 := \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\
            \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M} + t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\
            \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{d}{\left(w \cdot w\right) \cdot h} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{D \cdot D} \cdot d\right)\right) \cdot c0\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;0\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 2 regimes
            2. if (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) < +inf.0

              1. Initial program 75.5%

                \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in w around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot {w}^{2}\right)}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. times-fracN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2}}{{D}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}}} \]
                2. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2}}{{D}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}}} \]
                3. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{c0 \cdot c0}}{{D}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
                4. associate-/l*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{{D}^{2}}\right)} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
                5. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{{D}^{2}}\right)} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
                6. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{{D}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
                7. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{\color{blue}{D \cdot D}}\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
                8. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{\color{blue}{D \cdot D}}\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
                9. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{d \cdot d}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
                10. associate-/l*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(d \cdot \frac{d}{h \cdot {w}^{2}}\right)} \]
                11. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(d \cdot \frac{d}{h \cdot {w}^{2}}\right)} \]
                12. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{d}{h \cdot {w}^{2}}}\right) \]
                13. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\color{blue}{{w}^{2} \cdot h}}\right) \]
                14. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\color{blue}{{w}^{2} \cdot h}}\right) \]
                15. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\color{blue}{\left(w \cdot w\right)} \cdot h}\right) \]
                16. lower-*.f6459.1

                  \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\color{blue}{\left(w \cdot w\right)} \cdot h}\right) \]
              5. Applied rewrites59.1%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\left(w \cdot w\right) \cdot h}\right)} \]
              6. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites61.7%

                  \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{c0}{D \cdot D} \cdot d\right) \cdot \frac{d}{\left(w \cdot w\right) \cdot h}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{c0} \]

                if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M)))))

                1. Initial program 0.0%

                  \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} \]
                5. Applied rewrites34.7%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0 \cdot \left(c0 \cdot c0\right)}{w} \cdot -0.5} \]
                6. Taylor expanded in w around 0

                  \[\leadsto 0 \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites45.2%

                    \[\leadsto 0 \]
                8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                9. Final simplification50.5%

                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} - M \cdot M} + \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{d}{\left(w \cdot w\right) \cdot h} \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{D \cdot D} \cdot d\right)\right) \cdot c0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \]
                10. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 7: 50.4% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M} + t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{d}{\left(w \cdot w\right) \cdot h} \cdot d\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{D \cdot D} \cdot c0\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
                 :precision binary64
                 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* (* d d) c0) (* (* D D) (* h w)))))
                   (if (<=
                        (* (+ (sqrt (- (* t_0 t_0) (* M M))) t_0) (/ c0 (* w 2.0)))
                        INFINITY)
                     (* (* (/ d (* (* w w) h)) d) (* (/ c0 (* D D)) c0))
                     0.0)))
                double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
                	double t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
                	double tmp;
                	if (((sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
                		tmp = ((d / ((w * w) * h)) * d) * ((c0 / (D * D)) * c0);
                	} else {
                		tmp = 0.0;
                	}
                	return tmp;
                }
                
                public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
                	double t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
                	double tmp;
                	if (((Math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
                		tmp = ((d / ((w * w) * h)) * d) * ((c0 / (D * D)) * c0);
                	} else {
                		tmp = 0.0;
                	}
                	return tmp;
                }
                
                def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
                	t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w))
                	tmp = 0
                	if ((math.sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= math.inf:
                		tmp = ((d / ((w * w) * h)) * d) * ((c0 / (D * D)) * c0)
                	else:
                		tmp = 0.0
                	return tmp
                
                function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
                	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(d * d) * c0) / Float64(Float64(D * D) * Float64(h * w)))
                	tmp = 0.0
                	if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) - Float64(M * M))) + t_0) * Float64(c0 / Float64(w * 2.0))) <= Inf)
                		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(d / Float64(Float64(w * w) * h)) * d) * Float64(Float64(c0 / Float64(D * D)) * c0));
                	else
                		tmp = 0.0;
                	end
                	return tmp
                end
                
                function tmp_2 = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
                	t_0 = ((d * d) * c0) / ((D * D) * (h * w));
                	tmp = 0.0;
                	if (((sqrt(((t_0 * t_0) - (M * M))) + t_0) * (c0 / (w * 2.0))) <= Inf)
                		tmp = ((d / ((w * w) * h)) * d) * ((c0 / (D * D)) * c0);
                	else
                		tmp = 0.0;
                	end
                	tmp_2 = tmp;
                end
                
                code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision] * c0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h * w), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] - N[(M * M), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c0 / N[(w * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], Infinity], N[(N[(N[(d / N[(N[(w * w), $MachinePrecision] * h), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * d), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c0 / N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * c0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.0]]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \begin{array}{l}
                t_0 := \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\\
                \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{t\_0 \cdot t\_0 - M \cdot M} + t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\
                \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{d}{\left(w \cdot w\right) \cdot h} \cdot d\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{D \cdot D} \cdot c0\right)\\
                
                \mathbf{else}:\\
                \;\;\;\;0\\
                
                
                \end{array}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Split input into 2 regimes
                2. if (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M))))) < +inf.0

                  1. Initial program 75.5%

                    \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in w around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot {d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot {w}^{2}\right)}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. times-fracN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2}}{{D}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}}} \]
                    2. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2}}{{D}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}}} \]
                    3. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{c0 \cdot c0}}{{D}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
                    4. associate-/l*N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{{D}^{2}}\right)} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
                    5. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{{D}^{2}}\right)} \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
                    6. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{c0}{{D}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
                    7. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{\color{blue}{D \cdot D}}\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
                    8. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{\color{blue}{D \cdot D}}\right) \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
                    9. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{d \cdot d}}{h \cdot {w}^{2}} \]
                    10. associate-/l*N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(d \cdot \frac{d}{h \cdot {w}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    11. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(d \cdot \frac{d}{h \cdot {w}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    12. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{d}{h \cdot {w}^{2}}}\right) \]
                    13. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\color{blue}{{w}^{2} \cdot h}}\right) \]
                    14. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\color{blue}{{w}^{2} \cdot h}}\right) \]
                    15. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\color{blue}{\left(w \cdot w\right)} \cdot h}\right) \]
                    16. lower-*.f6459.1

                      \[\leadsto \left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\color{blue}{\left(w \cdot w\right)} \cdot h}\right) \]
                  5. Applied rewrites59.1%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(c0 \cdot \frac{c0}{D \cdot D}\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot \frac{d}{\left(w \cdot w\right) \cdot h}\right)} \]

                  if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (/.f64 c0 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) w)) (+.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D))) (/.f64 (*.f64 c0 (*.f64 d d)) (*.f64 (*.f64 w h) (*.f64 D D)))) (*.f64 M M)))))

                  1. Initial program 0.0%

                    \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} \]
                  5. Applied rewrites34.7%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0 \cdot \left(c0 \cdot c0\right)}{w} \cdot -0.5} \]
                  6. Taylor expanded in w around 0

                    \[\leadsto 0 \]
                  7. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites45.2%

                      \[\leadsto 0 \]
                  8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                  9. Final simplification49.7%

                    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} \cdot \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} - M \cdot M} + \frac{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot c0}{\left(D \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{c0}{w \cdot 2} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{d}{\left(w \cdot w\right) \cdot h} \cdot d\right) \cdot \left(\frac{c0}{D \cdot D} \cdot c0\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \]
                  10. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 8: 33.1% accurate, 156.0× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0 \end{array} \]
                  (FPCore (c0 w h D d M) :precision binary64 0.0)
                  double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
                  	return 0.0;
                  }
                  
                  real(8) function code(c0, w, h, d, d_1, m)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: c0
                      real(8), intent (in) :: w
                      real(8), intent (in) :: h
                      real(8), intent (in) :: d
                      real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
                      real(8), intent (in) :: m
                      code = 0.0d0
                  end function
                  
                  public static double code(double c0, double w, double h, double D, double d, double M) {
                  	return 0.0;
                  }
                  
                  def code(c0, w, h, D, d, M):
                  	return 0.0
                  
                  function code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
                  	return 0.0
                  end
                  
                  function tmp = code(c0, w, h, D, d, M)
                  	tmp = 0.0;
                  end
                  
                  code[c0_, w_, h_, D_, d_, M_] := 0.0
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  
                  \\
                  0
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Initial program 24.5%

                    \[\frac{c0}{2 \cdot w} \cdot \left(\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} + \sqrt{\frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} \cdot \frac{c0 \cdot \left(d \cdot d\right)}{\left(w \cdot h\right) \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)} - M \cdot M}\right) \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in c0 around -inf

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{c0}^{2} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)} + \frac{{d}^{2}}{{D}^{2} \cdot \left(h \cdot w\right)}\right)}{w} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} \]
                  5. Applied rewrites26.4%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0 \cdot \left(c0 \cdot c0\right)}{w} \cdot -0.5} \]
                  6. Taylor expanded in w around 0

                    \[\leadsto 0 \]
                  7. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites34.4%

                      \[\leadsto 0 \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing

                    Reproduce

                    ?
                    herbie shell --seed 2024254 
                    (FPCore (c0 w h D d M)
                      :name "Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (13)"
                      :precision binary64
                      (* (/ c0 (* 2.0 w)) (+ (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D))) (sqrt (- (* (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D))) (/ (* c0 (* d d)) (* (* w h) (* D D)))) (* M M))))))