Destination given bearing on a great circle

Percentage Accurate: 99.8% → 99.8%
Time: 14.8s
Alternatives: 13
Speedup: 1.3×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
   (-
    (cos delta)
    (*
     (sin phi1)
     (sin
      (asin
       (+
        (* (sin phi1) (cos delta))
        (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(delta) - (Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin(Math.asin(((Math.sin(phi1) * Math.cos(delta)) + ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(theta))))))));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(delta) - (math.sin(phi1) * math.sin(math.asin(((math.sin(phi1) * math.cos(delta)) + ((math.cos(phi1) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(theta))))))))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta)))))))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 13 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
   (-
    (cos delta)
    (*
     (sin phi1)
     (sin
      (asin
       (+
        (* (sin phi1) (cos delta))
        (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(delta) - (Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin(Math.asin(((Math.sin(phi1) * Math.cos(delta)) + ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(theta))))))));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(delta) - (math.sin(phi1) * math.sin(math.asin(((math.sin(phi1) * math.cos(delta)) + ((math.cos(phi1) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(theta))))))))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta)))))))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.8% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \left(\left(1 + \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot 0.5\right) - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} + \lambda_1 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  (atan2
   (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (sin theta)))
   (-
    (* (cos delta) (* (+ 1.0 (cos (* 2.0 phi1))) 0.5))
    (* (sin phi1) (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta)))))
  lambda1))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), ((cos(delta) * ((1.0 + cos((2.0 * phi1))) * 0.5)) - (sin(phi1) * ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))) + lambda1;
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), ((cos(delta) * ((1.0d0 + cos((2.0d0 * phi1))) * 0.5d0)) - (sin(phi1) * ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))) + lambda1
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.sin(theta))), ((Math.cos(delta) * ((1.0 + Math.cos((2.0 * phi1))) * 0.5)) - (Math.sin(phi1) * ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(theta))))) + lambda1;
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return math.atan2((math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(delta) * math.sin(theta))), ((math.cos(delta) * ((1.0 + math.cos((2.0 * phi1))) * 0.5)) - (math.sin(phi1) * ((math.cos(phi1) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(theta))))) + lambda1
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * sin(theta))), Float64(Float64(cos(delta) * Float64(Float64(1.0 + cos(Float64(2.0 * phi1))) * 0.5)) - Float64(sin(phi1) * Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))) + lambda1)
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), ((cos(delta) * ((1.0 + cos((2.0 * phi1))) * 0.5)) - (sin(phi1) * ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))) + lambda1;
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 + N[Cos[N[(2.0 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \left(\left(1 + \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot 0.5\right) - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} + \lambda_1
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    3. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    4. lift-asin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    5. sin-asinN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    6. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    7. distribute-rgt-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
    8. associate--r+N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-pow.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    2. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    3. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    4. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\cos delta - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}\right) \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    5. sqr-sin-aN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)} \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    6. lower--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)} \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    7. cos-2N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\cos delta - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}\right) \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    8. cos-sumN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\cos delta - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)}\right) \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    9. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\cos delta - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)}\right) \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    10. lower-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\cos delta - \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)}\right) \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    11. lower-+.f6499.8

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\cos delta - \left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)}\right) \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
  6. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)\right)} \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in phi1 around inf

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta - \cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right)} - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)} - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    2. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right) + \cos delta\right)} - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    3. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos delta\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)} + \cos delta\right) - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    4. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos delta\right), \frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta\right)} - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
  9. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-\cos delta, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right), \cos delta\right)} - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
  10. Taylor expanded in phi1 around inf

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\cos delta + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}\right) - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites99.8%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right) + 1\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos delta} - \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    2. Final simplification99.8%

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \left(\left(1 + \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot 0.5\right) - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} + \lambda_1 \]
    3. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 2: 94.5% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} + \lambda_1 \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
     :precision binary64
     (+
      (atan2
       (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (sin theta)))
       (-
        (cos delta)
        (* (fma (sin phi1) (cos delta) (* (cos phi1) (sin delta))) (sin phi1))))
      lambda1))
    double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
    	return atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), (cos(delta) - (fma(sin(phi1), cos(delta), (cos(phi1) * sin(delta))) * sin(phi1)))) + lambda1;
    }
    
    function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    	return Float64(atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * sin(theta))), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(fma(sin(phi1), cos(delta), Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta))) * sin(phi1)))) + lambda1)
    end
    
    code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} + \lambda_1
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      4. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      5. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      6. lower-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      7. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      8. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      9. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      10. lower-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      11. lower-sin.f6495.1

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites95.1%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
    6. Final simplification95.1%

      \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} + \lambda_1 \]
    7. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 92.4% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)} + \lambda_1 \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
     :precision binary64
     (+
      (atan2
       (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (sin theta)))
       (- (cos delta) (fma (cos (* 2.0 phi1)) -0.5 0.5)))
      lambda1))
    double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
    	return atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), (cos(delta) - fma(cos((2.0 * phi1)), -0.5, 0.5))) + lambda1;
    }
    
    function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    	return Float64(atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * sin(theta))), Float64(cos(delta) - fma(cos(Float64(2.0 * phi1)), -0.5, 0.5))) + lambda1)
    end
    
    code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Cos[N[(2.0 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * -0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)} + \lambda_1
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
      2. lower-sin.f6492.3

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites92.3%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites92.3%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \color{blue}{-0.5}, 0.5\right)} \]
      2. Final simplification92.3%

        \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)} + \lambda_1 \]
      3. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 4: 91.9% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.75 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.22:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1} + \lambda_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_1 (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (sin theta)))))
         (if (<= delta -1.75e-6)
           (+ (atan2 t_1 (cos delta)) lambda1)
           (if (<= delta 0.22)
             (+ (atan2 t_1 (pow (cos phi1) 2.0)) lambda1)
             (+ (atan2 t_1 (- (cos delta) (* phi1 phi1))) lambda1)))))
      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double t_1 = cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta));
      	double tmp;
      	if (delta <= -1.75e-6) {
      		tmp = atan2(t_1, cos(delta)) + lambda1;
      	} else if (delta <= 0.22) {
      		tmp = atan2(t_1, pow(cos(phi1), 2.0)) + lambda1;
      	} else {
      		tmp = atan2(t_1, (cos(delta) - (phi1 * phi1))) + lambda1;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
          real(8), intent (in) :: delta
          real(8), intent (in) :: theta
          real(8) :: t_1
          real(8) :: tmp
          t_1 = cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))
          if (delta <= (-1.75d-6)) then
              tmp = atan2(t_1, cos(delta)) + lambda1
          else if (delta <= 0.22d0) then
              tmp = atan2(t_1, (cos(phi1) ** 2.0d0)) + lambda1
          else
              tmp = atan2(t_1, (cos(delta) - (phi1 * phi1))) + lambda1
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double t_1 = Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.sin(theta));
      	double tmp;
      	if (delta <= -1.75e-6) {
      		tmp = Math.atan2(t_1, Math.cos(delta)) + lambda1;
      	} else if (delta <= 0.22) {
      		tmp = Math.atan2(t_1, Math.pow(Math.cos(phi1), 2.0)) + lambda1;
      	} else {
      		tmp = Math.atan2(t_1, (Math.cos(delta) - (phi1 * phi1))) + lambda1;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
      	t_1 = math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(delta) * math.sin(theta))
      	tmp = 0
      	if delta <= -1.75e-6:
      		tmp = math.atan2(t_1, math.cos(delta)) + lambda1
      	elif delta <= 0.22:
      		tmp = math.atan2(t_1, math.pow(math.cos(phi1), 2.0)) + lambda1
      	else:
      		tmp = math.atan2(t_1, (math.cos(delta) - (phi1 * phi1))) + lambda1
      	return tmp
      
      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	t_1 = Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * sin(theta)))
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (delta <= -1.75e-6)
      		tmp = Float64(atan(t_1, cos(delta)) + lambda1);
      	elseif (delta <= 0.22)
      		tmp = Float64(atan(t_1, (cos(phi1) ^ 2.0)) + lambda1);
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(atan(t_1, Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(phi1 * phi1))) + lambda1);
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	t_1 = cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta));
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if (delta <= -1.75e-6)
      		tmp = atan2(t_1, cos(delta)) + lambda1;
      	elseif (delta <= 0.22)
      		tmp = atan2(t_1, (cos(phi1) ^ 2.0)) + lambda1;
      	else
      		tmp = atan2(t_1, (cos(delta) - (phi1 * phi1))) + lambda1;
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[delta, -1.75e-6], N[(N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[delta, 0.22], N[(N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[Power[N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(phi1 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision]]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_1 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\\
      \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.75 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.22:\\
      \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}} + \lambda_1\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1} + \lambda_1\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 3 regimes
      2. if delta < -1.74999999999999997e-6

        1. Initial program 99.8%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-cos.f6486.5

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites86.5%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]

        if -1.74999999999999997e-6 < delta < 0.220000000000000001

        1. Initial program 99.7%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
          2. flip--N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\cos delta \cdot \cos delta - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)\right)}{\cos delta + \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}}} \]
          3. clear-numN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos delta + \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \cos delta - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)\right)}}}} \]
          4. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos delta + \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}{\cos delta \cdot \cos delta - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)\right)}}}} \]
        4. Applied rewrites99.7%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}}}} \]
        5. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
          2. 1-sub-sinN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}} \]
          3. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          4. lower-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          5. lower-cos.f6499.3

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
        7. Applied rewrites99.3%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}} \]

        if 0.220000000000000001 < delta

        1. Initial program 99.8%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          2. lower-sin.f6484.0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites84.0%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\phi_1}^{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites82.1%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\phi_1}} \]
        8. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
        9. Final simplification91.4%

          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.75 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.22:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1} + \lambda_1\\ \end{array} \]
        10. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 5: 91.9% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.75 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.22:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1} + \lambda_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
         :precision binary64
         (let* ((t_1 (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (sin theta)))))
           (if (<= delta -1.75e-6)
             (+ (atan2 t_1 (cos delta)) lambda1)
             (if (<= delta 0.22)
               (+
                (atan2 (* (* delta (sin theta)) (cos phi1)) (* (cos phi1) (cos phi1)))
                lambda1)
               (+ (atan2 t_1 (- (cos delta) (* phi1 phi1))) lambda1)))))
        double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	double t_1 = cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta));
        	double tmp;
        	if (delta <= -1.75e-6) {
        		tmp = atan2(t_1, cos(delta)) + lambda1;
        	} else if (delta <= 0.22) {
        		tmp = atan2(((delta * sin(theta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(phi1) * cos(phi1))) + lambda1;
        	} else {
        		tmp = atan2(t_1, (cos(delta) - (phi1 * phi1))) + lambda1;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
            real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
            real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
            real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
            real(8), intent (in) :: delta
            real(8), intent (in) :: theta
            real(8) :: t_1
            real(8) :: tmp
            t_1 = cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))
            if (delta <= (-1.75d-6)) then
                tmp = atan2(t_1, cos(delta)) + lambda1
            else if (delta <= 0.22d0) then
                tmp = atan2(((delta * sin(theta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(phi1) * cos(phi1))) + lambda1
            else
                tmp = atan2(t_1, (cos(delta) - (phi1 * phi1))) + lambda1
            end if
            code = tmp
        end function
        
        public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	double t_1 = Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.sin(theta));
        	double tmp;
        	if (delta <= -1.75e-6) {
        		tmp = Math.atan2(t_1, Math.cos(delta)) + lambda1;
        	} else if (delta <= 0.22) {
        		tmp = Math.atan2(((delta * Math.sin(theta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(phi1) * Math.cos(phi1))) + lambda1;
        	} else {
        		tmp = Math.atan2(t_1, (Math.cos(delta) - (phi1 * phi1))) + lambda1;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
        	t_1 = math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(delta) * math.sin(theta))
        	tmp = 0
        	if delta <= -1.75e-6:
        		tmp = math.atan2(t_1, math.cos(delta)) + lambda1
        	elif delta <= 0.22:
        		tmp = math.atan2(((delta * math.sin(theta)) * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(phi1) * math.cos(phi1))) + lambda1
        	else:
        		tmp = math.atan2(t_1, (math.cos(delta) - (phi1 * phi1))) + lambda1
        	return tmp
        
        function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	t_1 = Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * sin(theta)))
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (delta <= -1.75e-6)
        		tmp = Float64(atan(t_1, cos(delta)) + lambda1);
        	elseif (delta <= 0.22)
        		tmp = Float64(atan(Float64(Float64(delta * sin(theta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi1))) + lambda1);
        	else
        		tmp = Float64(atan(t_1, Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(phi1 * phi1))) + lambda1);
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	t_1 = cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta));
        	tmp = 0.0;
        	if (delta <= -1.75e-6)
        		tmp = atan2(t_1, cos(delta)) + lambda1;
        	elseif (delta <= 0.22)
        		tmp = atan2(((delta * sin(theta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(phi1) * cos(phi1))) + lambda1;
        	else
        		tmp = atan2(t_1, (cos(delta) - (phi1 * phi1))) + lambda1;
        	end
        	tmp_2 = tmp;
        end
        
        code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[delta, -1.75e-6], N[(N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[delta, 0.22], N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[(delta * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(phi1 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision]]]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        t_1 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)\\
        \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.75 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\
        
        \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.22:\\
        \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} + \lambda_1\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1} + \lambda_1\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 3 regimes
        2. if delta < -1.74999999999999997e-6

          1. Initial program 99.8%

            \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-cos.f6486.5

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          5. Applied rewrites86.5%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]

          if -1.74999999999999997e-6 < delta < 0.220000000000000001

          1. Initial program 99.7%

            \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
            2. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
            3. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
            4. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
            5. lower-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
            6. lower-cos.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
            7. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
            8. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
            9. lower-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
            10. lower-cos.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
            11. lower-sin.f6499.2

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}} \]
          5. Applied rewrites99.2%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
          6. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
            2. lower-sin.f6481.3

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          8. Applied rewrites81.3%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          10. Step-by-step derivation
            1. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
            2. 1-sub-sinN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}} \]
            3. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}} \]
            4. lower-cos.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]
            5. lower-cos.f6481.3

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}} \]
          11. Applied rewrites81.3%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}} \]
          12. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]
          13. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]
            2. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]
            3. lower-sin.f6499.3

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]
          14. Applied rewrites99.3%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]

          if 0.220000000000000001 < delta

          1. Initial program 99.8%

            \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-pow.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
            2. lower-sin.f6484.0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
          5. Applied rewrites84.0%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\phi_1}^{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites82.1%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\phi_1}} \]
          8. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
          9. Final simplification91.4%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.75 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.22:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1} + \lambda_1\\ \end{array} \]
          10. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 6: 92.2% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.75 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.21:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
           :precision binary64
           (let* ((t_1
                   (+
                    (atan2 (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (sin theta))) (cos delta))
                    lambda1)))
             (if (<= delta -1.75e-6)
               t_1
               (if (<= delta 0.21)
                 (+
                  (atan2 (* (* delta (sin theta)) (cos phi1)) (* (cos phi1) (cos phi1)))
                  lambda1)
                 t_1))))
          double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
          	double t_1 = atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), cos(delta)) + lambda1;
          	double tmp;
          	if (delta <= -1.75e-6) {
          		tmp = t_1;
          	} else if (delta <= 0.21) {
          		tmp = atan2(((delta * sin(theta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(phi1) * cos(phi1))) + lambda1;
          	} else {
          		tmp = t_1;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
              real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
              real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
              real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
              real(8), intent (in) :: delta
              real(8), intent (in) :: theta
              real(8) :: t_1
              real(8) :: tmp
              t_1 = atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), cos(delta)) + lambda1
              if (delta <= (-1.75d-6)) then
                  tmp = t_1
              else if (delta <= 0.21d0) then
                  tmp = atan2(((delta * sin(theta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(phi1) * cos(phi1))) + lambda1
              else
                  tmp = t_1
              end if
              code = tmp
          end function
          
          public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
          	double t_1 = Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.sin(theta))), Math.cos(delta)) + lambda1;
          	double tmp;
          	if (delta <= -1.75e-6) {
          		tmp = t_1;
          	} else if (delta <= 0.21) {
          		tmp = Math.atan2(((delta * Math.sin(theta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(phi1) * Math.cos(phi1))) + lambda1;
          	} else {
          		tmp = t_1;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
          	t_1 = math.atan2((math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(delta) * math.sin(theta))), math.cos(delta)) + lambda1
          	tmp = 0
          	if delta <= -1.75e-6:
          		tmp = t_1
          	elif delta <= 0.21:
          		tmp = math.atan2(((delta * math.sin(theta)) * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(phi1) * math.cos(phi1))) + lambda1
          	else:
          		tmp = t_1
          	return tmp
          
          function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          	t_1 = Float64(atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * sin(theta))), cos(delta)) + lambda1)
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (delta <= -1.75e-6)
          		tmp = t_1;
          	elseif (delta <= 0.21)
          		tmp = Float64(atan(Float64(Float64(delta * sin(theta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi1))) + lambda1);
          	else
          		tmp = t_1;
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          	t_1 = atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), cos(delta)) + lambda1;
          	tmp = 0.0;
          	if (delta <= -1.75e-6)
          		tmp = t_1;
          	elseif (delta <= 0.21)
          		tmp = atan2(((delta * sin(theta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(phi1) * cos(phi1))) + lambda1;
          	else
          		tmp = t_1;
          	end
          	tmp_2 = tmp;
          end
          
          code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[delta, -1.75e-6], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[delta, 0.21], N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[(delta * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          t_1 := \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\
          \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.75 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
          \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
          
          \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.21:\\
          \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} + \lambda_1\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 2 regimes
          2. if delta < -1.74999999999999997e-6 or 0.209999999999999992 < delta

            1. Initial program 99.8%

              \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-cos.f6484.2

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            5. Applied rewrites84.2%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]

            if -1.74999999999999997e-6 < delta < 0.209999999999999992

            1. Initial program 99.7%

              \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
              2. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
              3. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
              4. lower-fma.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
              5. lower-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
              6. lower-cos.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
              7. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
              8. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
              9. lower-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
              10. lower-cos.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
              11. lower-sin.f6499.2

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}} \]
            5. Applied rewrites99.2%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
              2. lower-sin.f6481.3

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
            8. Applied rewrites81.3%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
            9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
            10. Step-by-step derivation
              1. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
              2. 1-sub-sinN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}} \]
              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}} \]
              4. lower-cos.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]
              5. lower-cos.f6481.3

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}} \]
            11. Applied rewrites81.3%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}} \]
            12. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]
            13. Step-by-step derivation
              1. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]
              2. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]
              3. lower-sin.f6499.3

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]
            14. Applied rewrites99.3%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]
          3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
          4. Final simplification91.3%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.75 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.21:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \end{array} \]
          5. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 7: 92.2% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.75 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.21:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot delta\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
           :precision binary64
           (let* ((t_1
                   (+
                    (atan2 (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (sin theta))) (cos delta))
                    lambda1)))
             (if (<= delta -1.75e-6)
               t_1
               (if (<= delta 0.21)
                 (+
                  (atan2 (* (* (cos phi1) delta) (sin theta)) (* (cos phi1) (cos phi1)))
                  lambda1)
                 t_1))))
          double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
          	double t_1 = atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), cos(delta)) + lambda1;
          	double tmp;
          	if (delta <= -1.75e-6) {
          		tmp = t_1;
          	} else if (delta <= 0.21) {
          		tmp = atan2(((cos(phi1) * delta) * sin(theta)), (cos(phi1) * cos(phi1))) + lambda1;
          	} else {
          		tmp = t_1;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
              real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
              real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
              real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
              real(8), intent (in) :: delta
              real(8), intent (in) :: theta
              real(8) :: t_1
              real(8) :: tmp
              t_1 = atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), cos(delta)) + lambda1
              if (delta <= (-1.75d-6)) then
                  tmp = t_1
              else if (delta <= 0.21d0) then
                  tmp = atan2(((cos(phi1) * delta) * sin(theta)), (cos(phi1) * cos(phi1))) + lambda1
              else
                  tmp = t_1
              end if
              code = tmp
          end function
          
          public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
          	double t_1 = Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.sin(theta))), Math.cos(delta)) + lambda1;
          	double tmp;
          	if (delta <= -1.75e-6) {
          		tmp = t_1;
          	} else if (delta <= 0.21) {
          		tmp = Math.atan2(((Math.cos(phi1) * delta) * Math.sin(theta)), (Math.cos(phi1) * Math.cos(phi1))) + lambda1;
          	} else {
          		tmp = t_1;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
          	t_1 = math.atan2((math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(delta) * math.sin(theta))), math.cos(delta)) + lambda1
          	tmp = 0
          	if delta <= -1.75e-6:
          		tmp = t_1
          	elif delta <= 0.21:
          		tmp = math.atan2(((math.cos(phi1) * delta) * math.sin(theta)), (math.cos(phi1) * math.cos(phi1))) + lambda1
          	else:
          		tmp = t_1
          	return tmp
          
          function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          	t_1 = Float64(atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * sin(theta))), cos(delta)) + lambda1)
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (delta <= -1.75e-6)
          		tmp = t_1;
          	elseif (delta <= 0.21)
          		tmp = Float64(atan(Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * delta) * sin(theta)), Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi1))) + lambda1);
          	else
          		tmp = t_1;
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          	t_1 = atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), cos(delta)) + lambda1;
          	tmp = 0.0;
          	if (delta <= -1.75e-6)
          		tmp = t_1;
          	elseif (delta <= 0.21)
          		tmp = atan2(((cos(phi1) * delta) * sin(theta)), (cos(phi1) * cos(phi1))) + lambda1;
          	else
          		tmp = t_1;
          	end
          	tmp_2 = tmp;
          end
          
          code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[delta, -1.75e-6], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[delta, 0.21], N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          t_1 := \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\
          \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.75 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
          \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
          
          \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.21:\\
          \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot delta\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} + \lambda_1\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 2 regimes
          2. if delta < -1.74999999999999997e-6 or 0.209999999999999992 < delta

            1. Initial program 99.8%

              \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-cos.f6484.2

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            5. Applied rewrites84.2%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]

            if -1.74999999999999997e-6 < delta < 0.209999999999999992

            1. Initial program 99.7%

              \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
              2. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
              3. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
              4. lower-fma.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
              5. lower-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
              6. lower-cos.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
              7. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
              8. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
              9. lower-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
              10. lower-cos.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
              11. lower-sin.f6499.2

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}} \]
            5. Applied rewrites99.2%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
              2. lower-sin.f6481.3

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
            8. Applied rewrites81.3%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
            9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
            10. Step-by-step derivation
              1. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
              2. 1-sub-sinN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}} \]
              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}} \]
              4. lower-cos.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]
              5. lower-cos.f6481.3

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}} \]
            11. Applied rewrites81.3%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}} \]
            12. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{delta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin theta\right)}}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]
            13. Step-by-step derivation
              1. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]
              2. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]
              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]
              4. lower-cos.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]
              5. lower-sin.f6499.2

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]
            14. Applied rewrites99.2%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} \]
          3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
          4. Final simplification91.3%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.75 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.21:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot delta\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \end{array} \]
          5. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 8: 88.9% accurate, 2.6× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1 \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
           :precision binary64
           (+ (atan2 (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (sin theta))) (cos delta)) lambda1))
          double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
          	return atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), cos(delta)) + lambda1;
          }
          
          real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
              real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
              real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
              real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
              real(8), intent (in) :: delta
              real(8), intent (in) :: theta
              code = atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), cos(delta)) + lambda1
          end function
          
          public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
          	return Math.atan2((Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.sin(theta))), Math.cos(delta)) + lambda1;
          }
          
          def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
          	return math.atan2((math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(delta) * math.sin(theta))), math.cos(delta)) + lambda1
          
          function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          	return Float64(atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * sin(theta))), cos(delta)) + lambda1)
          end
          
          function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          	tmp = atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(theta))), cos(delta)) + lambda1;
          end
          
          code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 99.8%

            \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-cos.f6487.5

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          5. Applied rewrites87.5%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          6. Final simplification87.5%

            \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1 \]
          7. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 9: 86.5% accurate, 3.3× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1 \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
           :precision binary64
           (+ (atan2 (* (sin delta) (sin theta)) (cos delta)) lambda1))
          double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
          	return atan2((sin(delta) * sin(theta)), cos(delta)) + lambda1;
          }
          
          real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
              real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
              real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
              real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
              real(8), intent (in) :: delta
              real(8), intent (in) :: theta
              code = atan2((sin(delta) * sin(theta)), cos(delta)) + lambda1
          end function
          
          public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
          	return Math.atan2((Math.sin(delta) * Math.sin(theta)), Math.cos(delta)) + lambda1;
          }
          
          def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
          	return math.atan2((math.sin(delta) * math.sin(theta)), math.cos(delta)) + lambda1
          
          function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          	return Float64(atan(Float64(sin(delta) * sin(theta)), cos(delta)) + lambda1)
          end
          
          function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          	tmp = atan2((sin(delta) * sin(theta)), cos(delta)) + lambda1;
          end
          
          code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 99.8%

            \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-cos.f6487.5

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          5. Applied rewrites87.5%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
            2. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
            3. lower-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
            4. lower-sin.f6484.4

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          8. Applied rewrites84.4%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          9. Final simplification84.4%

            \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1 \]
          10. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 10: 79.6% accurate, 4.0× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -2.45 \cdot 10^{+16}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(theta \cdot theta, -0.16666666666666666, 1\right) \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.18 \cdot 10^{+61}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot delta, delta, 1\right) \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot delta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
           :precision binary64
           (if (<= delta -2.45e+16)
             (+
              (atan2
               (* (* (fma (* theta theta) -0.16666666666666666 1.0) (sin delta)) theta)
               (cos delta))
              lambda1)
             (if (<= delta 1.18e+61)
               (+
                (atan2
                 (* (* (fma (* -0.16666666666666666 delta) delta 1.0) (sin theta)) delta)
                 (cos delta))
                lambda1)
               (+ (atan2 (* (sin delta) theta) (cos delta)) lambda1))))
          double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
          	double tmp;
          	if (delta <= -2.45e+16) {
          		tmp = atan2(((fma((theta * theta), -0.16666666666666666, 1.0) * sin(delta)) * theta), cos(delta)) + lambda1;
          	} else if (delta <= 1.18e+61) {
          		tmp = atan2(((fma((-0.16666666666666666 * delta), delta, 1.0) * sin(theta)) * delta), cos(delta)) + lambda1;
          	} else {
          		tmp = atan2((sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta)) + lambda1;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (delta <= -2.45e+16)
          		tmp = Float64(atan(Float64(Float64(fma(Float64(theta * theta), -0.16666666666666666, 1.0) * sin(delta)) * theta), cos(delta)) + lambda1);
          	elseif (delta <= 1.18e+61)
          		tmp = Float64(atan(Float64(Float64(fma(Float64(-0.16666666666666666 * delta), delta, 1.0) * sin(theta)) * delta), cos(delta)) + lambda1);
          	else
          		tmp = Float64(atan(Float64(sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta)) + lambda1);
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := If[LessEqual[delta, -2.45e+16], N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[(N[(theta * theta), $MachinePrecision] * -0.16666666666666666 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * theta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[delta, 1.18e+61], N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[(N[(-0.16666666666666666 * delta), $MachinePrecision] * delta + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * theta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision]]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -2.45 \cdot 10^{+16}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(theta \cdot theta, -0.16666666666666666, 1\right) \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\
          
          \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.18 \cdot 10^{+61}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot delta, delta, 1\right) \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot delta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 3 regimes
          2. if delta < -2.45e16

            1. Initial program 99.8%

              \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-cos.f6485.2

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            5. Applied rewrites85.2%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
              2. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
              3. lower-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
              4. lower-sin.f6484.0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
            8. Applied rewrites84.0%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
            9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin delta + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left({theta}^{2} \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
            10. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites77.5%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(theta \cdot theta, -0.16666666666666666, 1\right) \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{theta}}{\cos delta} \]

              if -2.45e16 < delta < 1.18000000000000004e61

              1. Initial program 99.7%

                \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-cos.f6491.0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              5. Applied rewrites91.0%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                2. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                3. lower-sin.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
                4. lower-sin.f6489.4

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
              8. Applied rewrites89.4%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
              9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin theta + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left({delta}^{2} \cdot \sin theta\right)\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
              10. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites89.4%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot delta, delta, 1\right) \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{delta}}{\cos delta} \]

                if 1.18000000000000004e61 < delta

                1. Initial program 99.8%

                  \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-cos.f6481.7

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                5. Applied rewrites81.7%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  2. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  3. lower-sin.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
                  4. lower-sin.f6473.4

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                8. Applied rewrites73.4%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                10. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites61.8%

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                11. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                12. Final simplification80.1%

                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -2.45 \cdot 10^{+16}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(theta \cdot theta, -0.16666666666666666, 1\right) \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.18 \cdot 10^{+61}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot delta, delta, 1\right) \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot delta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \end{array} \]
                13. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 11: 79.7% accurate, 4.0× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -2.45 \cdot 10^{+16}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.18 \cdot 10^{+61}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot delta, delta, 1\right) \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot delta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
                 :precision binary64
                 (let* ((t_1 (+ (atan2 (* (sin delta) theta) (cos delta)) lambda1)))
                   (if (<= delta -2.45e+16)
                     t_1
                     (if (<= delta 1.18e+61)
                       (+
                        (atan2
                         (*
                          (* (fma (* -0.16666666666666666 delta) delta 1.0) (sin theta))
                          delta)
                         (cos delta))
                        lambda1)
                       t_1))))
                double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                	double t_1 = atan2((sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta)) + lambda1;
                	double tmp;
                	if (delta <= -2.45e+16) {
                		tmp = t_1;
                	} else if (delta <= 1.18e+61) {
                		tmp = atan2(((fma((-0.16666666666666666 * delta), delta, 1.0) * sin(theta)) * delta), cos(delta)) + lambda1;
                	} else {
                		tmp = t_1;
                	}
                	return tmp;
                }
                
                function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                	t_1 = Float64(atan(Float64(sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta)) + lambda1)
                	tmp = 0.0
                	if (delta <= -2.45e+16)
                		tmp = t_1;
                	elseif (delta <= 1.18e+61)
                		tmp = Float64(atan(Float64(Float64(fma(Float64(-0.16666666666666666 * delta), delta, 1.0) * sin(theta)) * delta), cos(delta)) + lambda1);
                	else
                		tmp = t_1;
                	end
                	return tmp
                end
                
                code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * theta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[delta, -2.45e+16], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[delta, 1.18e+61], N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[(N[(-0.16666666666666666 * delta), $MachinePrecision] * delta + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]]]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \begin{array}{l}
                t_1 := \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\
                \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -2.45 \cdot 10^{+16}:\\
                \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
                
                \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.18 \cdot 10^{+61}:\\
                \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot delta, delta, 1\right) \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot delta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\
                
                \mathbf{else}:\\
                \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
                
                
                \end{array}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Split input into 2 regimes
                2. if delta < -2.45e16 or 1.18000000000000004e61 < delta

                  1. Initial program 99.8%

                    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. lower-cos.f6483.6

                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                  5. Applied rewrites83.6%

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                  6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  7. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                    2. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                    3. lower-sin.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
                    4. lower-sin.f6479.0

                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  8. Applied rewrites79.0%

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  10. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites69.7%

                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]

                    if -2.45e16 < delta < 1.18000000000000004e61

                    1. Initial program 99.7%

                      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. lower-cos.f6491.0

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                    5. Applied rewrites91.0%

                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                    6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                    7. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                      2. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                      3. lower-sin.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
                      4. lower-sin.f6489.4

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                    8. Applied rewrites89.4%

                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                    9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin theta + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left({delta}^{2} \cdot \sin theta\right)\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
                    10. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites89.4%

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot delta, delta, 1\right) \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                    11. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                    12. Final simplification79.9%

                      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -2.45 \cdot 10^{+16}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.18 \cdot 10^{+61}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666 \cdot delta, delta, 1\right) \cdot \sin theta\right) \cdot delta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \end{array} \]
                    13. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 12: 80.3% accurate, 4.2× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1 \cdot 10^{+22}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.38 \cdot 10^{-9}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                    (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
                     :precision binary64
                     (let* ((t_1 (+ (atan2 (* (sin delta) theta) (cos delta)) lambda1)))
                       (if (<= delta -1e+22)
                         t_1
                         (if (<= delta 1.38e-9)
                           (+ (atan2 (* delta (sin theta)) (cos delta)) lambda1)
                           t_1))))
                    double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                    	double t_1 = atan2((sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta)) + lambda1;
                    	double tmp;
                    	if (delta <= -1e+22) {
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	} else if (delta <= 1.38e-9) {
                    		tmp = atan2((delta * sin(theta)), cos(delta)) + lambda1;
                    	} else {
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	}
                    	return tmp;
                    }
                    
                    real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                        real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
                        real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
                        real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
                        real(8), intent (in) :: delta
                        real(8), intent (in) :: theta
                        real(8) :: t_1
                        real(8) :: tmp
                        t_1 = atan2((sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta)) + lambda1
                        if (delta <= (-1d+22)) then
                            tmp = t_1
                        else if (delta <= 1.38d-9) then
                            tmp = atan2((delta * sin(theta)), cos(delta)) + lambda1
                        else
                            tmp = t_1
                        end if
                        code = tmp
                    end function
                    
                    public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                    	double t_1 = Math.atan2((Math.sin(delta) * theta), Math.cos(delta)) + lambda1;
                    	double tmp;
                    	if (delta <= -1e+22) {
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	} else if (delta <= 1.38e-9) {
                    		tmp = Math.atan2((delta * Math.sin(theta)), Math.cos(delta)) + lambda1;
                    	} else {
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	}
                    	return tmp;
                    }
                    
                    def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
                    	t_1 = math.atan2((math.sin(delta) * theta), math.cos(delta)) + lambda1
                    	tmp = 0
                    	if delta <= -1e+22:
                    		tmp = t_1
                    	elif delta <= 1.38e-9:
                    		tmp = math.atan2((delta * math.sin(theta)), math.cos(delta)) + lambda1
                    	else:
                    		tmp = t_1
                    	return tmp
                    
                    function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                    	t_1 = Float64(atan(Float64(sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta)) + lambda1)
                    	tmp = 0.0
                    	if (delta <= -1e+22)
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	elseif (delta <= 1.38e-9)
                    		tmp = Float64(atan(Float64(delta * sin(theta)), cos(delta)) + lambda1);
                    	else
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	end
                    	return tmp
                    end
                    
                    function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                    	t_1 = atan2((sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta)) + lambda1;
                    	tmp = 0.0;
                    	if (delta <= -1e+22)
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	elseif (delta <= 1.38e-9)
                    		tmp = atan2((delta * sin(theta)), cos(delta)) + lambda1;
                    	else
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	end
                    	tmp_2 = tmp;
                    end
                    
                    code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * theta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[delta, -1e+22], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[delta, 1.38e-9], N[(N[ArcTan[N[(delta * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]]]
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    
                    \\
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    t_1 := \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\
                    \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1 \cdot 10^{+22}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
                    
                    \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.38 \cdot 10^{-9}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\
                    
                    \mathbf{else}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
                    
                    
                    \end{array}
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Split input into 2 regimes
                    2. if delta < -1e22 or 1.37999999999999999e-9 < delta

                      1. Initial program 99.8%

                        \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. lower-cos.f6483.5

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                      5. Applied rewrites83.5%

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                      6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                      7. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                        2. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                        3. lower-sin.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
                        4. lower-sin.f6478.3

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                      8. Applied rewrites78.3%

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                      9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                      10. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites69.2%

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]

                        if -1e22 < delta < 1.37999999999999999e-9

                        1. Initial program 99.8%

                          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. lower-cos.f6491.8

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                        5. Applied rewrites91.8%

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                        6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                        7. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. *-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                          2. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                          3. lower-sin.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
                          4. lower-sin.f6491.2

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                        8. Applied rewrites91.2%

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                        9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                        10. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites91.0%

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                        11. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                        12. Final simplification79.6%

                          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1 \cdot 10^{+22}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.38 \cdot 10^{-9}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1\\ \end{array} \]
                        13. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 13: 73.5% accurate, 4.3× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1 \end{array} \]
                        (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
                         :precision binary64
                         (+ (atan2 (* (sin delta) theta) (cos delta)) lambda1))
                        double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                        	return atan2((sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta)) + lambda1;
                        }
                        
                        real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
                            real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
                            real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
                            real(8), intent (in) :: delta
                            real(8), intent (in) :: theta
                            code = atan2((sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta)) + lambda1
                        end function
                        
                        public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                        	return Math.atan2((Math.sin(delta) * theta), Math.cos(delta)) + lambda1;
                        }
                        
                        def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
                        	return math.atan2((math.sin(delta) * theta), math.cos(delta)) + lambda1
                        
                        function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                        	return Float64(atan(Float64(sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta)) + lambda1)
                        end
                        
                        function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                        	tmp = atan2((sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta)) + lambda1;
                        end
                        
                        code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * theta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision]
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        
                        \\
                        \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Initial program 99.8%

                          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. lower-cos.f6487.5

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                        5. Applied rewrites87.5%

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                        6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                        7. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. *-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                          2. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                          3. lower-sin.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
                          4. lower-sin.f6484.4

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                        8. Applied rewrites84.4%

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                        9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                        10. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites74.1%

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                          2. Final simplification74.1%

                            \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta} + \lambda_1 \]
                          3. Add Preprocessing

                          Reproduce

                          ?
                          herbie shell --seed 2024254 
                          (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
                            :name "Destination given bearing on a great circle"
                            :precision binary64
                            (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1)) (- (cos delta) (* (sin phi1) (sin (asin (+ (* (sin phi1) (cos delta)) (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))