
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 (PI)) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 12 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 (PI)) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* (exp (/ r (* -3.0 s))) 0.75) (* (* (* s r) (PI)) 6.0)) (/ (* (exp (/ (- r) s)) 0.25) (* (* (* (PI) 2.0) s) r))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{e^{\frac{r}{-3 \cdot s}} \cdot 0.75}{\left(\left(s \cdot r\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 6} + \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}} \cdot 0.25}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*l*N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*l*N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f3299.6
Applied rewrites99.6%
lift-/.f32N/A
frac-2negN/A
lift-neg.f32N/A
remove-double-negN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
distribute-lft-neg-inN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
metadata-eval99.6
Applied rewrites99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(if (<=
(+
(/ (* (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s))) 0.75) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r))
(/ (* (exp (/ (- r) s)) 0.25) (* (* (* (PI) 2.0) s) r)))
5.000000058430487e-8)
(fma
1.0
(/ (/ (/ 0.125 s) (PI)) r)
(* (/ (exp (/ r (* -3.0 s))) (* (* s r) (PI))) 0.125))
(/
(-
(/ (/ -0.16666666666666666 (PI)) s)
(- (/ (/ (* -0.06944444444444445 (/ r (PI))) s) s) (/ 0.25 (* (PI) r))))
s)))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}} \cdot 0.75}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}} \cdot 0.25}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} \leq 5.000000058430487 \cdot 10^{-8}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(1, \frac{\frac{\frac{0.125}{s}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{r}, \frac{e^{\frac{r}{-3 \cdot s}}}{\left(s \cdot r\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot 0.125\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s} - \left(\frac{\frac{-0.06944444444444445 \cdot \frac{r}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s}}{s} - \frac{0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot r}\right)}{s}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) < 5.00000006e-8Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
Applied rewrites4.7%
Applied rewrites4.7%
lift-fma.f32N/A
+-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
associate-*l/N/A
associate-/l*N/A
lower-fma.f32N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
Applied rewrites99.6%
lift-cbrt.f32N/A
pow1/3N/A
lift-exp.f32N/A
lift-neg.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
div-invN/A
lift-/.f32N/A
exp-prodN/A
pow-powN/A
lift-/.f32N/A
inv-powN/A
metadata-evalN/A
unpow-prod-downN/A
*-commutativeN/A
inv-powN/A
exp-prodN/A
div-invN/A
metadata-evalN/A
distribute-lft-neg-inN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
frac-2negN/A
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-exp.f3299.2
Applied rewrites99.2%
if 5.00000006e-8 < (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) Initial program 97.2%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-/l/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f3239.4
Applied rewrites39.4%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf
associate-*r/N/A
Applied rewrites54.2%
Applied rewrites54.2%
Final simplification93.9%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ r (PI))))
(if (<=
(+
(/ (* (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s))) 0.75) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r))
(/ (* (exp (/ (- r) s)) 0.25) (* (* (* (PI) 2.0) s) r)))
0.0)
(/
(fma
(/
(fma t_0 0.06944444444444445 (* (/ s (PI)) -0.16666666666666666))
(pow s 3.0))
r
(/ 0.25 (* (PI) s)))
r)
(/
(-
(/ (/ -0.16666666666666666 (PI)) s)
(- (/ (/ (* -0.06944444444444445 t_0) s) s) (/ 0.25 (* (PI) r))))
s))))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{r}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}} \cdot 0.75}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}} \cdot 0.25}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} \leq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, 0.06944444444444445, \frac{s}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -0.16666666666666666\right)}{{s}^{3}}, r, \frac{0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot s}\right)}{r}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s} - \left(\frac{\frac{-0.06944444444444445 \cdot t\_0}{s}}{s} - \frac{0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot r}\right)}{s}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) < 0.0Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-/l/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f324.6
Applied rewrites4.6%
Taylor expanded in r around 0
Applied rewrites5.5%
Taylor expanded in s around 0
Applied rewrites4.7%
if 0.0 < (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) Initial program 96.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-/l/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f3237.1
Applied rewrites37.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf
associate-*r/N/A
Applied rewrites50.4%
Applied rewrites50.4%
Final simplification10.7%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* (exp (* (/ -0.3333333333333333 s) r)) 0.75) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r)) (/ (* (exp (/ (- r) s)) 0.25) (* (* (* (PI) 2.0) s) r))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{e^{\frac{-0.3333333333333333}{s} \cdot r} \cdot 0.75}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}} \cdot 0.25}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
lift-/.f32N/A
frac-2negN/A
div-invN/A
lift-neg.f32N/A
remove-double-negN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
distribute-lft-neg-inN/A
associate-/r*N/A
metadata-evalN/A
metadata-evalN/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
metadata-eval99.5
Applied rewrites99.5%
Final simplification99.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (fma 1.0 (/ (/ 0.125 s) (* (PI) r)) (* (/ (cbrt (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* s r) (PI))) 0.125)))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(1, \frac{\frac{0.125}{s}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot r}, \frac{\sqrt[3]{e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}}{\left(s \cdot r\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot 0.125\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
Applied rewrites8.9%
Applied rewrites7.1%
lift-fma.f32N/A
+-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
frac-timesN/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-/l*N/A
lower-fma.f32N/A
Applied rewrites93.3%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (- (/ (/ -0.16666666666666666 (PI)) s) (- (/ (/ (* -0.06944444444444445 (/ r (PI))) s) s) (/ 0.25 (* (PI) r)))) s))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s} - \left(\frac{\frac{-0.06944444444444445 \cdot \frac{r}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s}}{s} - \frac{0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot r}\right)}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-/l/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf
associate-*r/N/A
Applied rewrites9.6%
Applied rewrites9.6%
Final simplification9.6%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(/
(-
(/ 0.25 (* (PI) r))
(/
(- (/ (* -0.06944444444444445 (/ r (PI))) s) (/ -0.16666666666666666 (PI)))
s))
s))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot r} - \frac{\frac{-0.06944444444444445 \cdot \frac{r}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s} - \frac{-0.16666666666666666}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-/l/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf
associate-*r/N/A
Applied rewrites9.6%
Final simplification9.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (sqrt (PI)))) (/ 0.25 (* (* (* t_0 r) t_0) s))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sqrt{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\\
\frac{0.25}{\left(\left(t\_0 \cdot r\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot s}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-/l/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
Applied rewrites8.8%
Applied rewrites8.8%
Applied rewrites8.8%
Final simplification8.8%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (/ 0.25 (PI)) (* s r)))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s \cdot r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-/l/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
Applied rewrites8.8%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (/ 0.25 r) (* (PI) s)))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{r}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-/l/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
Applied rewrites8.8%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* (* (PI) r) s)))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot r\right) \cdot s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-/l/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
Applied rewrites8.8%
Applied rewrites8.8%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* (* s r) (PI))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\left(s \cdot r\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-/l/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.8
Applied rewrites8.8%
Applied rewrites8.8%
herbie shell --seed 2024254
(FPCore (s r)
:name "Disney BSSRDF, PDF of scattering profile"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 256.0)) (and (< 1e-6 r) (< r 1000000.0)))
(+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 (PI)) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r))))