
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (cbrt (+ x 1.0)) (cbrt x)))
double code(double x) {
return cbrt((x + 1.0)) - cbrt(x);
}
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.cbrt((x + 1.0)) - Math.cbrt(x);
}
function code(x) return Float64(cbrt(Float64(x + 1.0)) - cbrt(x)) end
code[x_] := N[(N[Power[N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], 1/3], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[x, 1/3], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt[3]{x + 1} - \sqrt[3]{x}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (cbrt (+ x 1.0)) (cbrt x)))
double code(double x) {
return cbrt((x + 1.0)) - cbrt(x);
}
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.cbrt((x + 1.0)) - Math.cbrt(x);
}
function code(x) return Float64(cbrt(Float64(x + 1.0)) - cbrt(x)) end
code[x_] := N[(N[Power[N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], 1/3], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[x, 1/3], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt[3]{x + 1} - \sqrt[3]{x}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* (pow (cbrt x) -1.0) (/ 1.0 (* 3.0 (/ x (fma (cbrt x) (cbrt x) 0.0))))))
double code(double x) {
return pow(cbrt(x), -1.0) * (1.0 / (3.0 * (x / fma(cbrt(x), cbrt(x), 0.0))));
}
function code(x) return Float64((cbrt(x) ^ -1.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(3.0 * Float64(x / fma(cbrt(x), cbrt(x), 0.0))))) end
code[x_] := N[(N[Power[N[Power[x, 1/3], $MachinePrecision], -1.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(3.0 * N[(x / N[(N[Power[x, 1/3], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[x, 1/3], $MachinePrecision] + 0.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{\left(\sqrt[3]{x}\right)}^{-1} \cdot \frac{1}{3 \cdot \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt[3]{x}, \sqrt[3]{x}, 0\right)}}
\end{array}
Initial program 6.4%
Taylor expanded in x around inf
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-cbrt.f64N/A
unpow2N/A
associate-/r*N/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f6451.3
Applied rewrites51.3%
Applied rewrites96.8%
Applied rewrites96.9%
Applied rewrites97.3%
Final simplification97.3%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* (pow (/ x (fma (cbrt x) (cbrt x) 0.0)) -1.0) (/ 1.0 (* 3.0 (cbrt x)))))
double code(double x) {
return pow((x / fma(cbrt(x), cbrt(x), 0.0)), -1.0) * (1.0 / (3.0 * cbrt(x)));
}
function code(x) return Float64((Float64(x / fma(cbrt(x), cbrt(x), 0.0)) ^ -1.0) * Float64(1.0 / Float64(3.0 * cbrt(x)))) end
code[x_] := N[(N[Power[N[(x / N[(N[Power[x, 1/3], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[x, 1/3], $MachinePrecision] + 0.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -1.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[(3.0 * N[Power[x, 1/3], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{\left(\frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt[3]{x}, \sqrt[3]{x}, 0\right)}\right)}^{-1} \cdot \frac{1}{3 \cdot \sqrt[3]{x}}
\end{array}
Initial program 6.4%
Taylor expanded in x around inf
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-cbrt.f64N/A
unpow2N/A
associate-/r*N/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f6451.3
Applied rewrites51.3%
Applied rewrites96.8%
Applied rewrites96.9%
Applied rewrites97.3%
Final simplification97.3%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* (/ 1.0 (* 3.0 (cbrt x))) (pow (cbrt x) -1.0)))
double code(double x) {
return (1.0 / (3.0 * cbrt(x))) * pow(cbrt(x), -1.0);
}
public static double code(double x) {
return (1.0 / (3.0 * Math.cbrt(x))) * Math.pow(Math.cbrt(x), -1.0);
}
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(3.0 * cbrt(x))) * (cbrt(x) ^ -1.0)) end
code[x_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[(3.0 * N[Power[x, 1/3], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[Power[x, 1/3], $MachinePrecision], -1.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{3 \cdot \sqrt[3]{x}} \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{x}\right)}^{-1}
\end{array}
Initial program 6.4%
Taylor expanded in x around inf
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-cbrt.f64N/A
unpow2N/A
associate-/r*N/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f6451.3
Applied rewrites51.3%
Applied rewrites96.8%
Applied rewrites96.9%
Final simplification96.9%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (pow (cbrt x) -2.0) 3.0))
double code(double x) {
return pow(cbrt(x), -2.0) / 3.0;
}
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.pow(Math.cbrt(x), -2.0) / 3.0;
}
function code(x) return Float64((cbrt(x) ^ -2.0) / 3.0) end
code[x_] := N[(N[Power[N[Power[x, 1/3], $MachinePrecision], -2.0], $MachinePrecision] / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{{\left(\sqrt[3]{x}\right)}^{-2}}{3}
\end{array}
Initial program 6.4%
Taylor expanded in x around inf
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-cbrt.f64N/A
unpow2N/A
associate-/r*N/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f6451.3
Applied rewrites51.3%
Applied rewrites96.8%
Applied rewrites96.9%
Applied rewrites96.9%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 0.3333333333333333 (pow (cbrt x) -2.0)))
double code(double x) {
return 0.3333333333333333 * pow(cbrt(x), -2.0);
}
public static double code(double x) {
return 0.3333333333333333 * Math.pow(Math.cbrt(x), -2.0);
}
function code(x) return Float64(0.3333333333333333 * (cbrt(x) ^ -2.0)) end
code[x_] := N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[Power[N[Power[x, 1/3], $MachinePrecision], -2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
0.3333333333333333 \cdot {\left(\sqrt[3]{x}\right)}^{-2}
\end{array}
Initial program 6.4%
Taylor expanded in x around inf
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-cbrt.f64N/A
unpow2N/A
associate-/r*N/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f6451.3
Applied rewrites51.3%
Applied rewrites96.8%
Final simplification96.8%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 1.86e+155) (* (cbrt (/ (/ 1.0 x) x)) 0.3333333333333333) (* (pow x -0.6666666666666666) 0.3333333333333333)))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.86e+155) {
tmp = cbrt(((1.0 / x) / x)) * 0.3333333333333333;
} else {
tmp = pow(x, -0.6666666666666666) * 0.3333333333333333;
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.86e+155) {
tmp = Math.cbrt(((1.0 / x) / x)) * 0.3333333333333333;
} else {
tmp = Math.pow(x, -0.6666666666666666) * 0.3333333333333333;
}
return tmp;
}
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 1.86e+155) tmp = Float64(cbrt(Float64(Float64(1.0 / x) / x)) * 0.3333333333333333); else tmp = Float64((x ^ -0.6666666666666666) * 0.3333333333333333); end return tmp end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 1.86e+155], N[(N[Power[N[(N[(1.0 / x), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision], 1/3], $MachinePrecision] * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[x, -0.6666666666666666], $MachinePrecision] * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1.86 \cdot 10^{+155}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt[3]{\frac{\frac{1}{x}}{x}} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{x}^{-0.6666666666666666} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < 1.86000000000000008e155Initial program 8.2%
Taylor expanded in x around inf
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-cbrt.f64N/A
unpow2N/A
associate-/r*N/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f6495.7
Applied rewrites95.7%
if 1.86000000000000008e155 < x Initial program 4.7%
Taylor expanded in x around inf
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-cbrt.f64N/A
unpow2N/A
associate-/r*N/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f647.7
Applied rewrites7.7%
Applied rewrites89.1%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x 1.35e+154) (* (cbrt (/ 1.0 (* x x))) 0.3333333333333333) (* (pow x -0.6666666666666666) 0.3333333333333333)))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.35e+154) {
tmp = cbrt((1.0 / (x * x))) * 0.3333333333333333;
} else {
tmp = pow(x, -0.6666666666666666) * 0.3333333333333333;
}
return tmp;
}
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= 1.35e+154) {
tmp = Math.cbrt((1.0 / (x * x))) * 0.3333333333333333;
} else {
tmp = Math.pow(x, -0.6666666666666666) * 0.3333333333333333;
}
return tmp;
}
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= 1.35e+154) tmp = Float64(cbrt(Float64(1.0 / Float64(x * x))) * 0.3333333333333333); else tmp = Float64((x ^ -0.6666666666666666) * 0.3333333333333333); end return tmp end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, 1.35e+154], N[(N[Power[N[(1.0 / N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 1/3], $MachinePrecision] * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[x, -0.6666666666666666], $MachinePrecision] * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{+154}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{x \cdot x}} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{x}^{-0.6666666666666666} \cdot 0.3333333333333333\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < 1.35000000000000003e154Initial program 8.2%
lift-+.f64N/A
rem-cube-cbrtN/A
lift-cbrt.f64N/A
sqr-powN/A
lower-fma.f64N/A
lift-cbrt.f64N/A
pow1/3N/A
pow-powN/A
metadata-evalN/A
metadata-evalN/A
unpow1/2N/A
lower-sqrt.f64N/A
lift-cbrt.f64N/A
pow1/3N/A
pow-powN/A
metadata-evalN/A
metadata-evalN/A
unpow1/2N/A
lower-sqrt.f648.2
Applied rewrites8.2%
Taylor expanded in x around inf
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-cbrt.f64N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
unpow2N/A
lower-*.f6495.6
Applied rewrites95.6%
if 1.35000000000000003e154 < x Initial program 4.7%
Taylor expanded in x around inf
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-cbrt.f64N/A
unpow2N/A
associate-/r*N/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f649.1
Applied rewrites9.1%
Applied rewrites89.1%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* (pow x -0.6666666666666666) 0.3333333333333333))
double code(double x) {
return pow(x, -0.6666666666666666) * 0.3333333333333333;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (x ** (-0.6666666666666666d0)) * 0.3333333333333333d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.pow(x, -0.6666666666666666) * 0.3333333333333333;
}
def code(x): return math.pow(x, -0.6666666666666666) * 0.3333333333333333
function code(x) return Float64((x ^ -0.6666666666666666) * 0.3333333333333333) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (x ^ -0.6666666666666666) * 0.3333333333333333; end
code[x_] := N[(N[Power[x, -0.6666666666666666], $MachinePrecision] * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{x}^{-0.6666666666666666} \cdot 0.3333333333333333
\end{array}
Initial program 6.4%
Taylor expanded in x around inf
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-cbrt.f64N/A
unpow2N/A
associate-/r*N/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f6451.3
Applied rewrites51.3%
Applied rewrites89.0%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- 1.0 (cbrt x)))
double code(double x) {
return 1.0 - cbrt(x);
}
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.0 - Math.cbrt(x);
}
function code(x) return Float64(1.0 - cbrt(x)) end
code[x_] := N[(1.0 - N[Power[x, 1/3], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
1 - \sqrt[3]{x}
\end{array}
Initial program 6.4%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
Applied rewrites1.8%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (cbrt (+ x 1.0)))) (/ 1.0 (+ (+ (* t_0 t_0) (* (cbrt x) t_0)) (* (cbrt x) (cbrt x))))))
double code(double x) {
double t_0 = cbrt((x + 1.0));
return 1.0 / (((t_0 * t_0) + (cbrt(x) * t_0)) + (cbrt(x) * cbrt(x)));
}
public static double code(double x) {
double t_0 = Math.cbrt((x + 1.0));
return 1.0 / (((t_0 * t_0) + (Math.cbrt(x) * t_0)) + (Math.cbrt(x) * Math.cbrt(x)));
}
function code(x) t_0 = cbrt(Float64(x + 1.0)) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) + Float64(cbrt(x) * t_0)) + Float64(cbrt(x) * cbrt(x)))) end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Power[N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], 1/3], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(1.0 / N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Power[x, 1/3], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Power[x, 1/3], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[x, 1/3], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sqrt[3]{x + 1}\\
\frac{1}{\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0 + \sqrt[3]{x} \cdot t\_0\right) + \sqrt[3]{x} \cdot \sqrt[3]{x}}
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024249
(FPCore (x)
:name "2cbrt (problem 3.3.4)"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (> x 1.0) (< x 1e+308))
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (/ 1 (+ (* (cbrt (+ x 1)) (cbrt (+ x 1))) (* (cbrt x) (cbrt (+ x 1))) (* (cbrt x) (cbrt x)))))
(- (cbrt (+ x 1.0)) (cbrt x)))