Trowbridge-Reitz Sample, sample surface normal, cosTheta

Percentage Accurate: 99.3% → 99.3%

Time: 22.2s

Alternatives: 10

Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

\[\left(\left(\left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u0 \land u0 \leq 1\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u1 \land u1 \leq 0.5\right)\right) \land \left(0.0001 \leq alphax \land alphax \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(0.0001 \leq alphay \land alphay \leq 1\right)\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{t\_2 \cdot t\_2}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{t\_1 \cdot t\_1}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0
         (atan
          (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan (+ (* (* 2.0 (PI)) u1) (* 0.5 (PI)))))))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0)))
   (/
    1.0
    (sqrt
     (+
      1.0
      (/
       (*
        (/
         1.0
         (+
          (/ (* t_2 t_2) (* alphax alphax))
          (/ (* t_1 t_1) (* alphay alphay))))
        u0)
       (- 1.0 u0)))))))

Initial Program: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{t\_2 \cdot t\_2}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{t\_1 \cdot t\_1}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0
         (atan
          (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan (+ (* (* 2.0 (PI)) u1) (* 0.5 (PI)))))))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0)))
   (/
    1.0
    (sqrt
     (+
      1.0
      (/
       (*
        (/
         1.0
         (+
          (/ (* t_2 t_2) (* alphax alphax))
          (/ (* t_1 t_1) (* alphay alphay))))
        u0)
       (- 1.0 u0)))))))

Alternative 1: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)\\ t_1 := \cos t\_0\\ t_2 := \sin t\_0\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{-1}{\frac{t\_2 \cdot t\_2}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{t\_1 \cdot t\_1}{alphax \cdot alphax}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0
         (atan
          (* (tan (+ (* 0.5 (PI)) (* u1 (* (PI) 2.0)))) (/ alphay alphax))))
        (t_1 (cos t_0))
        (t_2 (sin t_0)))
   (/
    1.0
    (sqrt
     (-
      1.0
      (/
       (*
        (/
         -1.0
         (+
          (/ (* t_2 t_2) (* alphay alphay))
          (/ (* t_1 t_1) (* alphax alphax))))
        u0)
       (- 1.0 u0)))))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.3%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Final simplification 99.3%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{-1}{\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 86.8% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \cos t\_0\\ \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - \frac{\frac{u0}{u0 - 1}}{\frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin t\_0 \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}}{t\_1}\right)}^{2}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}}{t\_1}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}}}} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (+ (* u1 2.0) 0.5) (PI))) (t_1 (cos t_0)))
   (sqrt
    (/
     1.0
     (-
      1.0
      (/
       (/ u0 (- u0 1.0))
       (+
        (/
         (pow (cos (atan (/ (* (sin t_0) (/ alphay alphax)) t_1))) 2.0)
         (* alphax alphax))
        (/
         (pow
          (sin
           (atan
            (/ (* (sin (* (fma 2.0 u1 0.5) (PI))) (/ alphay alphax)) t_1)))
          2.0)
         (* alphay alphay)))))))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.3%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(\frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{{alphay}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}}}} \]

5. Applied rewrites 98.2%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{\frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphax \cdot alphax}} + 1}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

7. Applied rewrites 98.7%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{\frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphax \cdot alphax}} + 1}} \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

9. Applied rewrites 98.7%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{\frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot u1 + 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphax \cdot alphax}} + 1}} \]
10. Step-by-step derivation

11. Applied rewrites 99.2%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{\frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot u1 + 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot u1 + 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphax \cdot alphax}} + 1}} \]

12. Final simplification 87.7%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - \frac{\frac{u0}{u0 - 1}}{\frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin \left(\left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}}{\cos \left(\left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}}{\cos \left(\left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay}}}} \]
13. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 72.8% accurate, 1.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(1 - \frac{\frac{u0}{u0 - 1}}{{\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{-0.5} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (pow
  (-
   1.0
   (/
    (/ u0 (- u0 1.0))
    (+
     (pow
      (/
       (cos (atan (* (tan (* (+ (* u1 2.0) 0.5) (PI))) (/ alphay alphax))))
       alphax)
      2.0)
     (pow
      (/
       (sin (atan (* (tan (* (fma u1 2.0 0.5) (PI))) (/ alphay alphax))))
       alphay)
      2.0))))
  -0.5))

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.3%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

4. Applied rewrites 87.2%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}}} \]

6. Applied rewrites 88.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1\right)}^{-0.5}} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\color{blue}{\left(u1 \cdot 2 + \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1\right)}^{\frac{-1}{2}} \]

   2. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\left(\color{blue}{u1 \cdot 2} + \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1\right)}^{\frac{-1}{2}} \]

   3. lift-+.f32 86.0

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\color{blue}{\left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1\right)}^{-0.5} \]

   4. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\left(\color{blue}{u1 \cdot 2} + \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1\right)}^{\frac{-1}{2}} \]

   5. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\left(\color{blue}{2 \cdot u1} + \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1\right)}^{\frac{-1}{2}} \]

   6. lower-*.f32 86.0

      \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\left(\color{blue}{2 \cdot u1} + 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1\right)}^{-0.5} \]

8. Applied rewrites 86.0%

   \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot u1 + 0.5\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1\right)}^{-0.5} \]

9. Final simplification 71.6%

   \[\leadsto {\left(1 - \frac{\frac{u0}{u0 - 1}}{{\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2}}\right)}^{-0.5} \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 72.8% accurate, 1.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - \frac{\frac{u0}{u0 - 1}}{{\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2}}}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (sqrt
  (/
   1.0
   (-
    1.0
    (/
     (/ u0 (- u0 1.0))
     (+
      (pow
       (/
        (cos (atan (* (tan (* (+ (* u1 2.0) 0.5) (PI))) (/ alphay alphax))))
        alphax)
       2.0)
      (pow
       (/
        (sin (atan (* (tan (* (fma u1 2.0 0.5) (PI))) (/ alphay alphax))))
        alphay)
       2.0)))))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.3%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

4. Applied rewrites 87.2%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}}} \]

6. Applied rewrites 98.2%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}}} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\color{blue}{\left(u1 \cdot 2 + \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\left(\color{blue}{2 \cdot u1} + \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}} \]

   3. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\left(\color{blue}{2 \cdot u1} + \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}} \]

   4. lift-+.f32 98.8

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot u1 + 0.5\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}} \]

8. Applied rewrites 98.8%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot u1 + 0.5\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}} \]

9. Final simplification 71.6%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - \frac{\frac{u0}{u0 - 1}}{{\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2}}}} \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 72.6% accurate, 1.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{u0}{u0 - 1}}{{\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2} - \frac{\cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right) - 1}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot 2}}}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (/
  1.0
  (sqrt
   (-
    1.0
    (/
     (/ u0 (- u0 1.0))
     (-
      (pow
       (/
        (cos
         (atan
          (* (tan (+ (* 0.5 (PI)) (* u1 (* (PI) 2.0)))) (/ alphay alphax))))
        alphax)
       2.0)
      (/
       (-
        (cos
         (* (atan (* (tan (* (fma u1 2.0 0.5) (PI))) (/ alphay alphax))) 2.0))
        1.0)
       (* (* alphay alphay) 2.0))))))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.3%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

4. Applied rewrites 87.2%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}}} \]

6. Applied rewrites 91.5%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 - \cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot 2}} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-fma.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{\frac{1 - \cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot 2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}} \]

   2. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{\frac{1 - \cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot 2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \color{blue}{\left(u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}} \]

   3. lower-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{\frac{1 - \cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot 2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \color{blue}{\left(u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}} \]

   4. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{\frac{1 - \cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot 2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\color{blue}{u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}} \]

   5. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{\frac{1 - \cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot 2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}} \]

   6. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{\frac{1 - \cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot 2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}} \]

   7. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{\frac{1 - \cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot 2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1 + \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}} \]

   8. lower-*.f32 98.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{\frac{1 - \cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot 2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1 + \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.5}\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}} \]

8. Applied rewrites 98.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{\frac{1 - \cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot 2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1 + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.5\right)} \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}} \]

9. Final simplification 68.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{u0}{u0 - 1}}{{\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2} - \frac{\cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right) - 1}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot 2}}}} \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 55.7% accurate, 2.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ {\left(\frac{alphay \cdot alphay}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin t\_0}{\cos t\_0} \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{u0}{1 - u0} + 1\right)}^{-0.5} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (fma u1 2.0 0.5) (PI))))
   (pow
    (+
     (*
      (/
       (* alphay alphay)
       (pow (sin (atan (* (/ (sin t_0) (cos t_0)) (/ alphay alphax)))) 2.0))
      (/ u0 (- 1.0 u0)))
     1.0)
    -0.5)))

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.3%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

4. Applied rewrites 87.2%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}}} \]

6. Applied rewrites 88.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1\right)}^{-0.5}} \]

7. Taylor expanded in alphax around inf

   \[\leadsto {\left(\color{blue}{\frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot u1\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot u1\right)\right)}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}} + 1\right)}^{\frac{-1}{2}} \]

9. Applied rewrites 80.2%

   \[\leadsto {\left(\color{blue}{\frac{alphay \cdot alphay}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{u0}{1 - u0}} + 1\right)}^{-0.5} \]

10. Final simplification 80.2%

    \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{alphay \cdot alphay}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{u0}{1 - u0} + 1\right)}^{-0.5} \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 65.7% accurate, 2.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{alphay \cdot alphay}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin t\_0}{\cos t\_0} \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{u0}{1 - u0} + 1}} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (fma 2.0 u1 0.5) (PI))))
   (sqrt
    (/
     1.0
     (+
      (*
       (/
        (* alphay alphay)
        (pow (sin (atan (* (/ (sin t_0) (cos t_0)) (/ alphay alphax)))) 2.0))
       (/ u0 (- 1.0 u0)))
      1.0)))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.3%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

4. Applied rewrites 87.2%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}}} \]

6. Applied rewrites 98.2%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} + 1}}} \]

7. Taylor expanded in alphax around inf

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot u1\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot u1\right)\right)}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}} + 1}} \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. times-frac N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{{alphay}^{2}}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot u1\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot u1\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{u0}{1 - u0}} + 1}} \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{{alphay}^{2}}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot u1\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot u1\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{u0}{1 - u0}} + 1}} \]

9. Applied rewrites 94.2%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{alphay \cdot alphay}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{u0}{1 - u0}} + 1}} \]

10. Final simplification 94.2%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{alphay \cdot alphay}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{u0}{1 - u0} + 1}} \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 96.0% accurate, 3.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2}}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (sqrt
  (-
   1.0
   (/
    (/ u0 (- 1.0 u0))
    (pow
     (/
      (sin (atan (* (tan (* (+ (* u1 2.0) 0.5) (PI))) (/ alphay alphax))))
      alphay)
     2.0)))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.3%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(\frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{{alphay}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}}}} \]

5. Applied rewrites 98.2%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{\frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphax \cdot alphax}} + 1}}} \]

6. Taylor expanded in alphay around 0

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 + -1 \cdot \frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot u1\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot u1\right)\right)}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}} \]

8. Applied rewrites 19.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{alphay \cdot alphay}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}, -\frac{u0}{1 - u0}, 1\right)} \]

10. Applied rewrites 96.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2}}}} \]
11. Step-by-step derivation

12. Applied rewrites 96.1%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\left(2 \cdot u1 + 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2}}} \]

13. Final simplification 96.1%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2}}} \]
14. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 62.4% accurate, 3.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{u0}{u0 - 1}}{\frac{\cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot 0.5}{alphay \cdot alphay} - \frac{0.5}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (sqrt
  (-
   1.0
   (/
    (/ u0 (- u0 1.0))
    (-
     (/
      (*
       (cos
        (* (atan (* (tan (* (fma 2.0 u1 0.5) (PI))) (/ alphay alphax))) 2.0))
       0.5)
      (* alphay alphay))
     (/ 0.5 (* alphay alphay)))))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.3%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 + \frac{u0}{\left(\frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{{alphay}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}}}} \]

5. Applied rewrites 98.2%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{\frac{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphax \cdot alphax}} + 1}}} \]

6. Taylor expanded in alphay around 0

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 + -1 \cdot \frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot u1\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 2 \cdot u1\right)\right)}\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - u0\right)}} \]

8. Applied rewrites 19.4%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{alphay \cdot alphay}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}, -\frac{u0}{1 - u0}, 1\right)} \]

10. Applied rewrites 96.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{{\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2}}}} \]

12. Applied rewrites 96.1%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{u0}{1 - u0}}{\frac{0.5}{alphay \cdot alphay} - \frac{\cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot 0.5}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]

13. Final simplification 96.1%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{u0}{u0 - 1}}{\frac{\cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot 0.5}{alphay \cdot alphay} - \frac{0.5}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
14. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 91.2% accurate, 1436.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay) :precision binary32 1.0)

C

float code(float u0, float u1, float alphax, float alphay) {
	return 1.0f;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(u0, u1, alphax, alphay)
    real(4), intent (in) :: u0
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
    code = 1.0e0
end function

Julia

function code(u0, u1, alphax, alphay)
	return Float32(1.0)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(u0, u1, alphax, alphay)
	tmp = single(1.0);
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.3%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in alphax around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

5. Applied rewrites 90.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024249 
(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
  :name "Trowbridge-Reitz Sample, sample surface normal, cosTheta"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u0) (<= u0 1.0)) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u1) (<= u1 0.5))) (and (<= 0.0001 alphax) (<= alphax 1.0))) (and (<= 0.0001 alphay) (<= alphay 1.0)))
  (/ 1.0 (sqrt (+ 1.0 (/ (* (/ 1.0 (+ (/ (* (cos (atan (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan (+ (* (* 2.0 (PI)) u1) (* 0.5 (PI))))))) (cos (atan (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan (+ (* (* 2.0 (PI)) u1) (* 0.5 (PI)))))))) (* alphax alphax)) (/ (* (sin (atan (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan (+ (* (* 2.0 (PI)) u1) (* 0.5 (PI))))))) (sin (atan (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan (+ (* (* 2.0 (PI)) u1) (* 0.5 (PI)))))))) (* alphay alphay)))) u0) (- 1.0 u0))))))