Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 25.3% → 94.2%
Time: 26.6s
Alternatives: 11
Speedup: 40.5×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 11 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 25.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 94.2% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ -4 \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* a b) (* y-scale x-scale)))) (* -4.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
	return -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
    code = (-4.0d0) * (t_0 * t_0)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
	return -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
	return -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0)
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(a * b) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(t_0 * t_0))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
	tmp = -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(-4.0 * N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
-4 \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 22.3%

    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    2. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    3. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    4. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    5. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    6. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    7. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
    9. times-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    10. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    11. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    12. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    13. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    14. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
    15. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
    16. lower-*.f6452.9

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
  5. Applied rewrites52.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites81.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites95.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{b \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
      2. Final simplification95.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \]
      3. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 2: 80.0% accurate, 26.8× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ t_1 := \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 2.1 \cdot 10^{-160}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 1.2 \cdot 10^{+96}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 1.1 \cdot 10^{+238}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale)))
              (t_1
               (*
                (* (/ (* a b) (* (* x-scale x-scale) y-scale)) (/ (* a b) y-scale))
                -4.0)))
         (if (<= b 2.1e-160)
           t_1
           (if (<= b 1.2e+96)
             (*
              (* (/ (* (* b b) a) (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ a (* y-scale x-scale)))
              -4.0)
             (if (<= b 1.1e+238) t_1 (* (* t_0 t_0) (* (* a a) -4.0)))))))
      double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
      	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
      	double t_1 = (((a * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((a * b) / y_45_scale)) * -4.0;
      	double tmp;
      	if (b <= 2.1e-160) {
      		tmp = t_1;
      	} else if (b <= 1.2e+96) {
      		tmp = ((((b * b) * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
      	} else if (b <= 1.1e+238) {
      		tmp = t_1;
      	} else {
      		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: b
          real(8), intent (in) :: angle
          real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
          real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
          real(8) :: t_0
          real(8) :: t_1
          real(8) :: tmp
          t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
          t_1 = (((a * b) / ((x_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale)) * ((a * b) / y_45scale)) * (-4.0d0)
          if (b <= 2.1d-160) then
              tmp = t_1
          else if (b <= 1.2d+96) then
              tmp = ((((b * b) * a) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (a / (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (-4.0d0)
          else if (b <= 1.1d+238) then
              tmp = t_1
          else
              tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
      	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
      	double t_1 = (((a * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((a * b) / y_45_scale)) * -4.0;
      	double tmp;
      	if (b <= 2.1e-160) {
      		tmp = t_1;
      	} else if (b <= 1.2e+96) {
      		tmp = ((((b * b) * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
      	} else if (b <= 1.1e+238) {
      		tmp = t_1;
      	} else {
      		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
      	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
      	t_1 = (((a * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((a * b) / y_45_scale)) * -4.0
      	tmp = 0
      	if b <= 2.1e-160:
      		tmp = t_1
      	elif b <= 1.2e+96:
      		tmp = ((((b * b) * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0
      	elif b <= 1.1e+238:
      		tmp = t_1
      	else:
      		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
      	return tmp
      
      function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
      	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
      	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * b) / Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(a * b) / y_45_scale)) * -4.0)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (b <= 2.1e-160)
      		tmp = t_1;
      	elseif (b <= 1.2e+96)
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) * a) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0);
      	elseif (b <= 1.1e+238)
      		tmp = t_1;
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0));
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
      	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
      	t_1 = (((a * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((a * b) / y_45_scale)) * -4.0;
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if (b <= 2.1e-160)
      		tmp = t_1;
      	elseif (b <= 1.2e+96)
      		tmp = ((((b * b) * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
      	elseif (b <= 1.1e+238)
      		tmp = t_1;
      	else
      		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, 2.1e-160], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[b, 1.2e+96], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 1.1e+238], t$95$1, N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
      t_1 := \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\
      \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 2.1 \cdot 10^{-160}:\\
      \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 1.2 \cdot 10^{+96}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 1.1 \cdot 10^{+238}:\\
      \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 3 regimes
      2. if b < 2.1e-160 or 1.19999999999999996e96 < b < 1.1e238

        1. Initial program 19.4%

          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-/l*N/A

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          2. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          3. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          4. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          5. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          6. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          7. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          8. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
          9. times-fracN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          10. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          11. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          12. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          13. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          14. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
          15. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
          16. lower-*.f6451.7

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
        5. Applied rewrites51.7%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites84.8%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
          2. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites94.6%

              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{b \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites77.1%

                \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]

              if 2.1e-160 < b < 1.19999999999999996e96

              1. Initial program 39.9%

                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. associate-/l*N/A

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                2. associate-*r*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                3. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                5. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                6. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                7. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                8. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                9. times-fracN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                10. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                12. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                13. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                14. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                15. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                16. lower-*.f6466.4

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
              5. Applied rewrites66.4%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
              6. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites80.3%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                2. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites99.2%

                    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]

                  if 1.1e238 < b

                  1. Initial program 0.0%

                    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. associate-/l*N/A

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    2. associate-*r*N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    3. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    5. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    6. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    7. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    8. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    9. times-fracN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    10. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    11. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    12. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    13. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    14. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                    15. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                    16. lower-*.f6423.7

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                  5. Applied rewrites23.7%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites83.5%

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                  7. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                  8. Final simplification82.2%

                    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 2.1 \cdot 10^{-160}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 1.2 \cdot 10^{+96}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 1.1 \cdot 10^{+238}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                  9. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 3: 78.1% accurate, 32.3× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{+154}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                  (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                   :precision binary64
                   (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale))))
                     (if (<= b 1.35e+154)
                       (*
                        (* (/ (* (* b b) a) (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ a (* y-scale x-scale)))
                        -4.0)
                       (* (* t_0 t_0) (* (* a a) -4.0)))))
                  double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                  	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                  	double tmp;
                  	if (b <= 1.35e+154) {
                  		tmp = ((((b * b) * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                  	} else {
                  		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                  	}
                  	return tmp;
                  }
                  
                  real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: a
                      real(8), intent (in) :: b
                      real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                      real(8) :: t_0
                      real(8) :: tmp
                      t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                      if (b <= 1.35d+154) then
                          tmp = ((((b * b) * a) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (a / (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (-4.0d0)
                      else
                          tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                      end if
                      code = tmp
                  end function
                  
                  public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                  	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                  	double tmp;
                  	if (b <= 1.35e+154) {
                  		tmp = ((((b * b) * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                  	} else {
                  		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                  	}
                  	return tmp;
                  }
                  
                  def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                  	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
                  	tmp = 0
                  	if b <= 1.35e+154:
                  		tmp = ((((b * b) * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0
                  	else:
                  		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                  	return tmp
                  
                  function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                  	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                  	tmp = 0.0
                  	if (b <= 1.35e+154)
                  		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) * a) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0);
                  	else
                  		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0));
                  	end
                  	return tmp
                  end
                  
                  function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                  	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                  	tmp = 0.0;
                  	if (b <= 1.35e+154)
                  		tmp = ((((b * b) * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                  	else
                  		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                  	end
                  	tmp_2 = tmp;
                  end
                  
                  code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, 1.35e+154], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  
                  \\
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
                  \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{+154}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\
                  
                  \mathbf{else}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
                  
                  
                  \end{array}
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Split input into 2 regimes
                  2. if b < 1.35000000000000003e154

                    1. Initial program 27.0%

                      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. associate-/l*N/A

                        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                      2. associate-*r*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      3. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      4. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      5. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      6. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      7. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      8. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      9. times-fracN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                      10. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                      11. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                      12. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                      13. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                      14. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                      15. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                      16. lower-*.f6454.6

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                    5. Applied rewrites54.6%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites83.2%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites81.1%

                          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]

                        if 1.35000000000000003e154 < b

                        1. Initial program 0.0%

                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. associate-/l*N/A

                            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                          2. associate-*r*N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                          3. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                          4. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                          5. unpow2N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                          6. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                          7. unpow2N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                          8. *-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                          9. times-fracN/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                          10. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                          11. lower-/.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                          12. unpow2N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                          13. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                          14. lower-/.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                          15. unpow2N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                          16. lower-*.f6444.3

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                        5. Applied rewrites44.3%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites80.1%

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                        7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                        8. Final simplification80.9%

                          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{+154}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                        9. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 4: 72.9% accurate, 32.3× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 3.5 \cdot 10^{-166}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                         :precision binary64
                         (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale))))
                           (if (<= a 3.5e-166)
                             (*
                              (* (/ a x-scale) (/ (* -4.0 a) (* (* y-scale x-scale) y-scale)))
                              (* b b))
                             (* (* t_0 t_0) (* (* a a) -4.0)))))
                        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                        	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                        	double tmp;
                        	if (a <= 3.5e-166) {
                        		tmp = ((a / x_45_scale) * ((-4.0 * a) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                        	} else {
                        		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                        	}
                        	return tmp;
                        }
                        
                        real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                            real(8), intent (in) :: b
                            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                            real(8) :: t_0
                            real(8) :: tmp
                            t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                            if (a <= 3.5d-166) then
                                tmp = ((a / x_45scale) * (((-4.0d0) * a) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale))) * (b * b)
                            else
                                tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                            end if
                            code = tmp
                        end function
                        
                        public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                        	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                        	double tmp;
                        	if (a <= 3.5e-166) {
                        		tmp = ((a / x_45_scale) * ((-4.0 * a) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                        	} else {
                        		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                        	}
                        	return tmp;
                        }
                        
                        def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                        	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
                        	tmp = 0
                        	if a <= 3.5e-166:
                        		tmp = ((a / x_45_scale) * ((-4.0 * a) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                        	else:
                        		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                        	return tmp
                        
                        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                        	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                        	tmp = 0.0
                        	if (a <= 3.5e-166)
                        		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(a / x_45_scale) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b));
                        	else
                        		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0));
                        	end
                        	return tmp
                        end
                        
                        function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                        	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                        	tmp = 0.0;
                        	if (a <= 3.5e-166)
                        		tmp = ((a / x_45_scale) * ((-4.0 * a) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                        	else
                        		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                        	end
                        	tmp_2 = tmp;
                        end
                        
                        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, 3.5e-166], N[(N[(N[(a / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        
                        \\
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
                        \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 3.5 \cdot 10^{-166}:\\
                        \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
                        
                        \mathbf{else}:\\
                        \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
                        
                        
                        \end{array}
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Split input into 2 regimes
                        2. if a < 3.4999999999999999e-166

                          1. Initial program 24.2%

                            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                          4. Applied rewrites53.7%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                          5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites57.7%

                              \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites70.3%

                                \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]

                              if 3.4999999999999999e-166 < a

                              1. Initial program 20.3%

                                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                              2. Add Preprocessing
                              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. associate-/l*N/A

                                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                2. associate-*r*N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                5. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                7. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                8. *-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                9. times-fracN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                12. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                15. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                16. lower-*.f6452.8

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                              5. Applied rewrites52.8%

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                              6. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites82.9%

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                              7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                              8. Final simplification76.3%

                                \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 3.5 \cdot 10^{-166}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                              9. Add Preprocessing

                              Alternative 5: 58.1% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 3.5 \cdot 10^{-166}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                              (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                               :precision binary64
                               (if (<= a 3.5e-166)
                                 (* (/ (* (* (* b b) a) a) (* (* y-scale y-scale) (* x-scale x-scale))) -4.0)
                                 (*
                                  (/ (* b b) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale)))
                                  (* (* -4.0 a) a))))
                              double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                              	double tmp;
                              	if (a <= 3.5e-166) {
                              		tmp = ((((b * b) * a) * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                              	} else {
                              		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((-4.0 * a) * a);
                              	}
                              	return tmp;
                              }
                              
                              real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                  real(8) :: tmp
                                  if (a <= 3.5d-166) then
                                      tmp = ((((b * b) * a) * a) / ((y_45scale * y_45scale) * (x_45scale * x_45scale))) * (-4.0d0)
                                  else
                                      tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (((-4.0d0) * a) * a)
                                  end if
                                  code = tmp
                              end function
                              
                              public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                              	double tmp;
                              	if (a <= 3.5e-166) {
                              		tmp = ((((b * b) * a) * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                              	} else {
                              		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((-4.0 * a) * a);
                              	}
                              	return tmp;
                              }
                              
                              def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                              	tmp = 0
                              	if a <= 3.5e-166:
                              		tmp = ((((b * b) * a) * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0
                              	else:
                              		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((-4.0 * a) * a)
                              	return tmp
                              
                              function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                              	tmp = 0.0
                              	if (a <= 3.5e-166)
                              		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) * a) * a) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0);
                              	else
                              		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) * a));
                              	end
                              	return tmp
                              end
                              
                              function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                              	tmp = 0.0;
                              	if (a <= 3.5e-166)
                              		tmp = ((((b * b) * a) * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                              	else
                              		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((-4.0 * a) * a);
                              	end
                              	tmp_2 = tmp;
                              end
                              
                              code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := If[LessEqual[a, 3.5e-166], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                              
                              \begin{array}{l}
                              
                              \\
                              \begin{array}{l}
                              \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 3.5 \cdot 10^{-166}:\\
                              \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\
                              
                              \mathbf{else}:\\
                              \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right)\\
                              
                              
                              \end{array}
                              \end{array}
                              
                              Derivation
                              1. Split input into 2 regimes
                              2. if a < 3.4999999999999999e-166

                                1. Initial program 24.2%

                                  \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. associate-/l*N/A

                                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                  2. associate-*r*N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  5. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  7. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  8. *-commutativeN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  9. times-fracN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                  10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                  11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                  12. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                  13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                  14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                  15. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                  16. lower-*.f6452.9

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                5. Applied rewrites52.9%

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                6. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites84.7%

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites96.7%

                                      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{b \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. Applied rewrites60.6%

                                        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(-a\right)}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\left(-y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right)} \cdot -4 \]

                                      if 3.4999999999999999e-166 < a

                                      1. Initial program 20.3%

                                        \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                      2. Add Preprocessing
                                      3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. associate-/l*N/A

                                          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                        2. associate-*r*N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                        3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                        4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                        5. unpow2N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                        6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                        7. unpow2N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                        8. *-commutativeN/A

                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                        9. times-fracN/A

                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                        10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                        11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                        12. unpow2N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                        13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                        14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                        15. unpow2N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                        16. lower-*.f6452.8

                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                      5. Applied rewrites52.8%

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                      6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                      7. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. Applied rewrites63.6%

                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                        2. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. Applied rewrites63.6%

                                            \[\leadsto \left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \]
                                        3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                        4. Final simplification62.0%

                                          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 3.5 \cdot 10^{-166}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                                        5. Add Preprocessing

                                        Alternative 6: 92.5% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \end{array} \]
                                        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                         :precision binary64
                                         (* (* (* (/ b (* y-scale x-scale)) a) (/ (* a b) (* y-scale x-scale))) -4.0))
                                        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                        	return (((b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * a) * ((a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                        }
                                        
                                        real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                            code = (((b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * a) * ((a * b) / (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (-4.0d0)
                                        end function
                                        
                                        public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                        	return (((b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * a) * ((a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                        }
                                        
                                        def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                        	return (((b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * a) * ((a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0
                                        
                                        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                        	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * a) * Float64(Float64(a * b) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0)
                                        end
                                        
                                        function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                        	tmp = (((b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * a) * ((a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                        end
                                        
                                        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]
                                        
                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                        
                                        \\
                                        \left(\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4
                                        \end{array}
                                        
                                        Derivation
                                        1. Initial program 22.3%

                                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. associate-/l*N/A

                                            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                          2. associate-*r*N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          5. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          7. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          8. *-commutativeN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          9. times-fracN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                          10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                          11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                          12. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                          13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                          14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                          15. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                          16. lower-*.f6452.9

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                        5. Applied rewrites52.9%

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. Applied rewrites81.8%

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. Applied rewrites95.2%

                                              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{b \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. Applied rewrites94.1%

                                                \[\leadsto \left(\frac{b \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(a \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                              2. Final simplification94.1%

                                                \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                              3. Add Preprocessing

                                              Alternative 7: 68.8% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                                              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \end{array} \]
                                              (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                               :precision binary64
                                               (* (* (/ a x-scale) (/ (* -4.0 a) (* (* y-scale x-scale) y-scale))) (* b b)))
                                              double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                              	return ((a / x_45_scale) * ((-4.0 * a) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                              }
                                              
                                              real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                  code = ((a / x_45scale) * (((-4.0d0) * a) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale))) * (b * b)
                                              end function
                                              
                                              public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                              	return ((a / x_45_scale) * ((-4.0 * a) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                              }
                                              
                                              def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                              	return ((a / x_45_scale) * ((-4.0 * a) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                                              
                                              function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                              	return Float64(Float64(Float64(a / x_45_scale) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b))
                                              end
                                              
                                              function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                              	tmp = ((a / x_45_scale) * ((-4.0 * a) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                              end
                                              
                                              code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(a / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                              
                                              \begin{array}{l}
                                              
                                              \\
                                              \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)
                                              \end{array}
                                              
                                              Derivation
                                              1. Initial program 22.3%

                                                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                              2. Add Preprocessing
                                              3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                              4. Applied rewrites51.1%

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                              5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                              6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. Applied rewrites60.5%

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. Applied rewrites67.0%

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                  2. Final simplification67.0%

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                  3. Add Preprocessing

                                                  Alternative 8: 61.9% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right) \end{array} \]
                                                  (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                   :precision binary64
                                                   (* (/ (* b b) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) (* (* -4.0 a) a)))
                                                  double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                  	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((-4.0 * a) * a);
                                                  }
                                                  
                                                  real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                      code = ((b * b) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (((-4.0d0) * a) * a)
                                                  end function
                                                  
                                                  public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                  	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((-4.0 * a) * a);
                                                  }
                                                  
                                                  def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                  	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((-4.0 * a) * a)
                                                  
                                                  function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                  	return Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) * a))
                                                  end
                                                  
                                                  function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                  	tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((-4.0 * a) * a);
                                                  end
                                                  
                                                  code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                  
                                                  \begin{array}{l}
                                                  
                                                  \\
                                                  \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right)
                                                  \end{array}
                                                  
                                                  Derivation
                                                  1. Initial program 22.3%

                                                    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                                  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                    1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                    2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                    3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                    5. unpow2N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                    6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                    7. unpow2N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                    8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                    9. times-fracN/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                    10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                    11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                    12. unpow2N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                    13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                    14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                    15. unpow2N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                    16. lower-*.f6452.9

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                  5. Applied rewrites52.9%

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                  6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                  7. Step-by-step derivation
                                                    1. Applied rewrites60.6%

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                      1. Applied rewrites60.6%

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \]
                                                      2. Final simplification60.6%

                                                        \[\leadsto \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right) \]
                                                      3. Add Preprocessing

                                                      Alternative 9: 61.9% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \end{array} \]
                                                      (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                       :precision binary64
                                                       (* (/ (* b b) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) (* (* a a) -4.0)))
                                                      double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                      	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                                      }
                                                      
                                                      real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                          code = ((b * b) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                                                      end function
                                                      
                                                      public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                      	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                                      }
                                                      
                                                      def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                      	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                                                      
                                                      function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                      	return Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0))
                                                      end
                                                      
                                                      function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                      	tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                                      end
                                                      
                                                      code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                      
                                                      \begin{array}{l}
                                                      
                                                      \\
                                                      \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)
                                                      \end{array}
                                                      
                                                      Derivation
                                                      1. Initial program 22.3%

                                                        \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                      2. Add Preprocessing
                                                      3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                        1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                        2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                        3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                        4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                        5. unpow2N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                        6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                        7. unpow2N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                        8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                        9. times-fracN/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                        10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                        11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                        12. unpow2N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                        13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                        14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                        15. unpow2N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                        16. lower-*.f6452.9

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                      5. Applied rewrites52.9%

                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                      6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                      7. Step-by-step derivation
                                                        1. Applied rewrites60.6%

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                                        2. Final simplification60.6%

                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \]
                                                        3. Add Preprocessing

                                                        Alternative 10: 61.8% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \end{array} \]
                                                        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                         :precision binary64
                                                         (* (/ (* (* -4.0 a) a) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) (* b b)))
                                                        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                        	return (((-4.0 * a) * a) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                        }
                                                        
                                                        real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                            code = ((((-4.0d0) * a) * a) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (b * b)
                                                        end function
                                                        
                                                        public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                        	return (((-4.0 * a) * a) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                        }
                                                        
                                                        def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                        	return (((-4.0 * a) * a) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                                                        
                                                        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                        	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) * a) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b))
                                                        end
                                                        
                                                        function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                        	tmp = (((-4.0 * a) * a) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                        end
                                                        
                                                        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                        
                                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                                        
                                                        \\
                                                        \frac{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)
                                                        \end{array}
                                                        
                                                        Derivation
                                                        1. Initial program 22.3%

                                                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                                        3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                        4. Applied rewrites51.1%

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                                        5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                          1. Applied rewrites60.5%

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                            1. Applied rewrites60.5%

                                                              \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                            2. Add Preprocessing

                                                            Alternative 11: 61.8% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \end{array} \]
                                                            (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                             :precision binary64
                                                             (* (/ (* (* a a) -4.0) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) (* b b)))
                                                            double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                            	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                            }
                                                            
                                                            real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                                code = (((a * a) * (-4.0d0)) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (b * b)
                                                            end function
                                                            
                                                            public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                            	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                            }
                                                            
                                                            def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                            	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                                                            
                                                            function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                            	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b))
                                                            end
                                                            
                                                            function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                            	tmp = (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                            end
                                                            
                                                            code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                            
                                                            \begin{array}{l}
                                                            
                                                            \\
                                                            \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)
                                                            \end{array}
                                                            
                                                            Derivation
                                                            1. Initial program 22.3%

                                                              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                            2. Add Preprocessing
                                                            3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                            4. Applied rewrites51.1%

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                                            5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                              1. Applied rewrites60.5%

                                                                \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                              2. Final simplification60.5%

                                                                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                              3. Add Preprocessing

                                                              Reproduce

                                                              ?
                                                              herbie shell --seed 2024248 
                                                              (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                                :name "Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse"
                                                                :precision binary64
                                                                (- (* (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale) (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale)) (* (* 4.0 (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale)) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))))