Harley's example

Percentage Accurate: 90.2% → 97.7%
Time: 53.7s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 896.0×

Specification

?
\[0 < c\_p \land 0 < c\_n\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\\ t_2 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\\ \frac{{t\_2}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_2\right)}^{c\_n}}{{t\_1}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_1\right)}^{c\_n}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- t))))) (t_2 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- s))))))
   (/
    (* (pow t_2 c_p) (pow (- 1.0 t_2) c_n))
    (* (pow t_1 c_p) (pow (- 1.0 t_1) c_n)))))
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
	double t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-t));
	double t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-s));
	return (pow(t_2, c_p) * pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (pow(t_1, c_p) * pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n));
}
real(8) function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c_p
    real(8), intent (in) :: c_n
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: s
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: t_2
    t_1 = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + exp(-t))
    t_2 = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + exp(-s))
    code = ((t_2 ** c_p) * ((1.0d0 - t_2) ** c_n)) / ((t_1 ** c_p) * ((1.0d0 - t_1) ** c_n))
end function
public static double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
	double t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp(-t));
	double t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp(-s));
	return (Math.pow(t_2, c_p) * Math.pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (Math.pow(t_1, c_p) * Math.pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n));
}
def code(c_p, c_n, t, s):
	t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-t))
	t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-s))
	return (math.pow(t_2, c_p) * math.pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (math.pow(t_1, c_p) * math.pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n))
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
	t_1 = Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-t))))
	t_2 = Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-s))))
	return Float64(Float64((t_2 ^ c_p) * (Float64(1.0 - t_2) ^ c_n)) / Float64((t_1 ^ c_p) * (Float64(1.0 - t_1) ^ c_n)))
end
function tmp = code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
	t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-t));
	t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-s));
	tmp = ((t_2 ^ c_p) * ((1.0 - t_2) ^ c_n)) / ((t_1 ^ c_p) * ((1.0 - t_1) ^ c_n));
end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-t)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-s)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[Power[t$95$2, c$95$p], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[t$95$1, c$95$p], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(1.0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\\
t_2 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\\
\frac{{t\_2}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_2\right)}^{c\_n}}{{t\_1}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_1\right)}^{c\_n}}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 90.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\\ t_2 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\\ \frac{{t\_2}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_2\right)}^{c\_n}}{{t\_1}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_1\right)}^{c\_n}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- t))))) (t_2 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- s))))))
   (/
    (* (pow t_2 c_p) (pow (- 1.0 t_2) c_n))
    (* (pow t_1 c_p) (pow (- 1.0 t_1) c_n)))))
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
	double t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-t));
	double t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-s));
	return (pow(t_2, c_p) * pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (pow(t_1, c_p) * pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n));
}
real(8) function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c_p
    real(8), intent (in) :: c_n
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: s
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: t_2
    t_1 = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + exp(-t))
    t_2 = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + exp(-s))
    code = ((t_2 ** c_p) * ((1.0d0 - t_2) ** c_n)) / ((t_1 ** c_p) * ((1.0d0 - t_1) ** c_n))
end function
public static double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
	double t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp(-t));
	double t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp(-s));
	return (Math.pow(t_2, c_p) * Math.pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (Math.pow(t_1, c_p) * Math.pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n));
}
def code(c_p, c_n, t, s):
	t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-t))
	t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-s))
	return (math.pow(t_2, c_p) * math.pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (math.pow(t_1, c_p) * math.pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n))
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
	t_1 = Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-t))))
	t_2 = Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-s))))
	return Float64(Float64((t_2 ^ c_p) * (Float64(1.0 - t_2) ^ c_n)) / Float64((t_1 ^ c_p) * (Float64(1.0 - t_1) ^ c_n)))
end
function tmp = code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
	t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-t));
	t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-s));
	tmp = ((t_2 ^ c_p) * ((1.0 - t_2) ^ c_n)) / ((t_1 ^ c_p) * ((1.0 - t_1) ^ c_n));
end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-t)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-s)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[Power[t$95$2, c$95$p], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[t$95$1, c$95$p], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(1.0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\\
t_2 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\\
\frac{{t\_2}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_2\right)}^{c\_n}}{{t\_1}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_1\right)}^{c\_n}}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 97.7% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := 1 + e^{-s}\\ \mathbf{if}\;-s \leq 500000000:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{t\_1}\right), c\_n, \left(-c\_n\right) \cdot \log 0.5\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{{t\_1}^{\left(-c\_p\right)}}{1}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (+ 1.0 (exp (- s)))))
   (if (<= (- s) 500000000.0)
     (exp (fma (log1p (/ -1.0 t_1)) c_n (* (- c_n) (log 0.5))))
     (/ (pow t_1 (- c_p)) 1.0))))
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
	double t_1 = 1.0 + exp(-s);
	double tmp;
	if (-s <= 500000000.0) {
		tmp = exp(fma(log1p((-1.0 / t_1)), c_n, (-c_n * log(0.5))));
	} else {
		tmp = pow(t_1, -c_p) / 1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
	t_1 = Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-s)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(-s) <= 500000000.0)
		tmp = exp(fma(log1p(Float64(-1.0 / t_1)), c_n, Float64(Float64(-c_n) * log(0.5))));
	else
		tmp = Float64((t_1 ^ Float64(-c_p)) / 1.0);
	end
	return tmp
end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-s)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[(-s), 500000000.0], N[Exp[N[(N[Log[1 + N[(-1.0 / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * c$95$n + N[((-c$95$n) * N[Log[0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[t$95$1, (-c$95$p)], $MachinePrecision] / 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := 1 + e^{-s}\\
\mathbf{if}\;-s \leq 500000000:\\
\;\;\;\;e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{t\_1}\right), c\_n, \left(-c\_n\right) \cdot \log 0.5\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{{t\_1}^{\left(-c\_p\right)}}{1}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (neg.f64 s) < 5e8

    1. Initial program 95.2%

      \[\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in c_p around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
      2. lower-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
      3. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
      4. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
      6. neg-mul-1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
      7. lower-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
      8. lower-exp.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
      9. neg-mul-1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
      10. lower-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
      11. lower-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites98.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in t around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\frac{1}{2}}^{c\_n}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites97.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{0.5}^{c\_n}} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites99.7%

          \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right), c\_n, -\log 0.5 \cdot c\_n\right)} \]

        if 5e8 < (neg.f64 s)

        1. Initial program 71.4%

          \[\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in c_n around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
          2. lower-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
          3. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
          4. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
          5. neg-mul-1N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
          6. lower-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
          7. lower-exp.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
          8. neg-mul-1N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
          9. lower-neg.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
          10. lower-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
          11. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_p}} \]
          12. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
          13. lower-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
          14. lower-exp.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
          15. lower-neg.f6471.4

            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-t}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites71.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in c_p around 0

          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{1} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites100.0%

            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{1} \]
          2. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites100.0%

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(e^{-s} + 1\right)}^{\left(-1 \cdot c\_p\right)}}{1} \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites100.0%

                \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(e^{-s} + 1\right)}^{\left(-c\_p\right)}}{1} \]
            3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            4. Final simplification99.7%

              \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;-s \leq 500000000:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right), c\_n, \left(-c\_n\right) \cdot \log 0.5\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{{\left(1 + e^{-s}\right)}^{\left(-c\_p\right)}}{1}\\ \end{array} \]
            5. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 2: 96.0% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := e^{-t}\\ t_2 := e^{-s}\\ e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(c\_p, \mathsf{log1p}\left(t\_1\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left(t\_2\right), \left(\mathsf{log1p}\left({\left(-1 - t\_2\right)}^{-1}\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left({\left(-1 - t\_1\right)}^{-1}\right)\right) \cdot c\_n\right)} \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
             :precision binary64
             (let* ((t_1 (exp (- t))) (t_2 (exp (- s))))
               (exp
                (fma
                 c_p
                 (- (log1p t_1) (log1p t_2))
                 (*
                  (- (log1p (pow (- -1.0 t_2) -1.0)) (log1p (pow (- -1.0 t_1) -1.0)))
                  c_n)))))
            double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
            	double t_1 = exp(-t);
            	double t_2 = exp(-s);
            	return exp(fma(c_p, (log1p(t_1) - log1p(t_2)), ((log1p(pow((-1.0 - t_2), -1.0)) - log1p(pow((-1.0 - t_1), -1.0))) * c_n)));
            }
            
            function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
            	t_1 = exp(Float64(-t))
            	t_2 = exp(Float64(-s))
            	return exp(fma(c_p, Float64(log1p(t_1) - log1p(t_2)), Float64(Float64(log1p((Float64(-1.0 - t_2) ^ -1.0)) - log1p((Float64(-1.0 - t_1) ^ -1.0))) * c_n)))
            end
            
            code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[Exp[(-t)], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Exp[(-s)], $MachinePrecision]}, N[Exp[N[(c$95$p * N[(N[Log[1 + t$95$1], $MachinePrecision] - N[Log[1 + t$95$2], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Log[1 + N[Power[N[(-1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], -1.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Log[1 + N[Power[N[(-1.0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], -1.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * c$95$n), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            t_1 := e^{-t}\\
            t_2 := e^{-s}\\
            e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(c\_p, \mathsf{log1p}\left(t\_1\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left(t\_2\right), \left(\mathsf{log1p}\left({\left(-1 - t\_2\right)}^{-1}\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left({\left(-1 - t\_1\right)}^{-1}\right)\right) \cdot c\_n\right)}
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 94.5%

              \[\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Applied rewrites98.8%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(c\_p, \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{-s}\right)\right) - \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{-t}\right)\right), c\_n \cdot \left(\mathsf{log1p}\left({\left(-1 - e^{-s}\right)}^{-1}\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left({\left(-1 - e^{-t}\right)}^{-1}\right)\right)\right)}} \]
            4. Final simplification98.8%

              \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(c\_p, \mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{-t}\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{-s}\right), \left(\mathsf{log1p}\left({\left(-1 - e^{-s}\right)}^{-1}\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left({\left(-1 - e^{-t}\right)}^{-1}\right)\right) \cdot c\_n\right)} \]
            5. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 3: 98.0% accurate, 2.7× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;-s \leq 500000000:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(s, -0.5, \log 0.5\right), c\_n, \left(-c\_n\right) \cdot \log 0.5\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{{\left(1 + e^{-s}\right)}^{\left(-c\_p\right)}}{1}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
             :precision binary64
             (if (<= (- s) 500000000.0)
               (exp (fma (fma s -0.5 (log 0.5)) c_n (* (- c_n) (log 0.5))))
               (/ (pow (+ 1.0 (exp (- s))) (- c_p)) 1.0)))
            double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
            	double tmp;
            	if (-s <= 500000000.0) {
            		tmp = exp(fma(fma(s, -0.5, log(0.5)), c_n, (-c_n * log(0.5))));
            	} else {
            		tmp = pow((1.0 + exp(-s)), -c_p) / 1.0;
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if (Float64(-s) <= 500000000.0)
            		tmp = exp(fma(fma(s, -0.5, log(0.5)), c_n, Float64(Float64(-c_n) * log(0.5))));
            	else
            		tmp = Float64((Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-s))) ^ Float64(-c_p)) / 1.0);
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := If[LessEqual[(-s), 500000000.0], N[Exp[N[(N[(s * -0.5 + N[Log[0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * c$95$n + N[((-c$95$n) * N[Log[0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-s)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], (-c$95$p)], $MachinePrecision] / 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            \mathbf{if}\;-s \leq 500000000:\\
            \;\;\;\;e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(s, -0.5, \log 0.5\right), c\_n, \left(-c\_n\right) \cdot \log 0.5\right)}\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\frac{{\left(1 + e^{-s}\right)}^{\left(-c\_p\right)}}{1}\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 2 regimes
            2. if (neg.f64 s) < 5e8

              1. Initial program 95.2%

                \[\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in c_p around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                2. lower-pow.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                3. lower--.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                4. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                5. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                6. neg-mul-1N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                7. lower-+.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                8. lower-exp.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                9. neg-mul-1N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                10. lower-neg.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                11. lower-pow.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
              5. Applied rewrites98.7%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\frac{1}{2}}^{c\_n}} \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites97.9%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{0.5}^{c\_n}} \]
                2. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites99.7%

                    \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right), c\_n, -\log 0.5 \cdot c\_n\right)} \]
                  2. Taylor expanded in s around 0

                    \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log \frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot s, c\_n, -\log \frac{1}{2} \cdot c\_n\right)} \]
                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites99.7%

                      \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(s, -0.5, \log 0.5\right), c\_n, -\log 0.5 \cdot c\_n\right)} \]

                    if 5e8 < (neg.f64 s)

                    1. Initial program 71.4%

                      \[\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in c_n around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                      2. lower-pow.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                      3. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                      4. +-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                      5. neg-mul-1N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                      6. lower-+.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                      7. lower-exp.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                      8. neg-mul-1N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                      9. lower-neg.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                      10. lower-pow.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                      11. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_p}} \]
                      12. +-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                      13. lower-+.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                      14. lower-exp.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                      15. lower-neg.f6471.4

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-t}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                    5. Applied rewrites71.4%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                    6. Taylor expanded in c_p around 0

                      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{1} \]
                    7. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites100.0%

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{1} \]
                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites100.0%

                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(e^{-s} + 1\right)}^{\left(-1 \cdot c\_p\right)}}{1} \]
                        2. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites100.0%

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(e^{-s} + 1\right)}^{\left(-c\_p\right)}}{1} \]
                        3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                        4. Final simplification99.7%

                          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;-s \leq 500000000:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(s, -0.5, \log 0.5\right), c\_n, \left(-c\_n\right) \cdot \log 0.5\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{{\left(1 + e^{-s}\right)}^{\left(-c\_p\right)}}{1}\\ \end{array} \]
                        5. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 4: 96.5% accurate, 2.8× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;-s \leq 500000000:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log 0.5, c\_n, \left(-c\_n\right) \cdot \log 0.5\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{{\left(1 + e^{-s}\right)}^{\left(-c\_p\right)}}{1}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                        (FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
                         :precision binary64
                         (if (<= (- s) 500000000.0)
                           (exp (fma (log 0.5) c_n (* (- c_n) (log 0.5))))
                           (/ (pow (+ 1.0 (exp (- s))) (- c_p)) 1.0)))
                        double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
                        	double tmp;
                        	if (-s <= 500000000.0) {
                        		tmp = exp(fma(log(0.5), c_n, (-c_n * log(0.5))));
                        	} else {
                        		tmp = pow((1.0 + exp(-s)), -c_p) / 1.0;
                        	}
                        	return tmp;
                        }
                        
                        function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
                        	tmp = 0.0
                        	if (Float64(-s) <= 500000000.0)
                        		tmp = exp(fma(log(0.5), c_n, Float64(Float64(-c_n) * log(0.5))));
                        	else
                        		tmp = Float64((Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-s))) ^ Float64(-c_p)) / 1.0);
                        	end
                        	return tmp
                        end
                        
                        code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := If[LessEqual[(-s), 500000000.0], N[Exp[N[(N[Log[0.5], $MachinePrecision] * c$95$n + N[((-c$95$n) * N[Log[0.5], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-s)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], (-c$95$p)], $MachinePrecision] / 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        
                        \\
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        \mathbf{if}\;-s \leq 500000000:\\
                        \;\;\;\;e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log 0.5, c\_n, \left(-c\_n\right) \cdot \log 0.5\right)}\\
                        
                        \mathbf{else}:\\
                        \;\;\;\;\frac{{\left(1 + e^{-s}\right)}^{\left(-c\_p\right)}}{1}\\
                        
                        
                        \end{array}
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Split input into 2 regimes
                        2. if (neg.f64 s) < 5e8

                          1. Initial program 95.2%

                            \[\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in c_p around 0

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                            2. lower-pow.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                            3. lower--.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                            4. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                            5. +-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                            6. neg-mul-1N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                            7. lower-+.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                            8. lower-exp.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                            9. neg-mul-1N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                            10. lower-neg.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                            11. lower-pow.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                          5. Applied rewrites98.7%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                          6. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\frac{1}{2}}^{c\_n}} \]
                          7. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites97.9%

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{0.5}^{c\_n}} \]
                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites99.7%

                                \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right), c\_n, -\log 0.5 \cdot c\_n\right)} \]
                              2. Taylor expanded in s around 0

                                \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log \frac{1}{2}, c\_n, -\log \frac{1}{2} \cdot c\_n\right)} \]
                              3. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites98.0%

                                  \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log 0.5, c\_n, -\log 0.5 \cdot c\_n\right)} \]

                                if 5e8 < (neg.f64 s)

                                1. Initial program 71.4%

                                  \[\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                3. Taylor expanded in c_n around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. lower-/.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                                  2. lower-pow.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                  3. lower-/.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                  4. +-commutativeN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                  5. neg-mul-1N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                  6. lower-+.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                  7. lower-exp.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                  8. neg-mul-1N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                  9. lower-neg.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                  10. lower-pow.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                                  11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_p}} \]
                                  12. +-commutativeN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                  13. lower-+.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                  14. lower-exp.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                  15. lower-neg.f6471.4

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-t}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                5. Applied rewrites71.4%

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                                6. Taylor expanded in c_p around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{1} \]
                                7. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites100.0%

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{1} \]
                                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites100.0%

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(e^{-s} + 1\right)}^{\left(-1 \cdot c\_p\right)}}{1} \]
                                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. Applied rewrites100.0%

                                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(e^{-s} + 1\right)}^{\left(-c\_p\right)}}{1} \]
                                    3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                    4. Final simplification98.0%

                                      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;-s \leq 500000000:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log 0.5, c\_n, \left(-c\_n\right) \cdot \log 0.5\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{{\left(1 + e^{-s}\right)}^{\left(-c\_p\right)}}{1}\\ \end{array} \]
                                    5. Add Preprocessing

                                    Alternative 5: 96.0% accurate, 3.9× speedup?

                                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;-s \leq 500000000:\\ \;\;\;\;{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, s, 0.5\right) \cdot {0.5}^{-1}\right)}^{c\_n}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{{\left(1 + e^{-s}\right)}^{\left(-c\_p\right)}}{1}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                    (FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
                                     :precision binary64
                                     (if (<= (- s) 500000000.0)
                                       (pow (* (fma -0.25 s 0.5) (pow 0.5 -1.0)) c_n)
                                       (/ (pow (+ 1.0 (exp (- s))) (- c_p)) 1.0)))
                                    double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
                                    	double tmp;
                                    	if (-s <= 500000000.0) {
                                    		tmp = pow((fma(-0.25, s, 0.5) * pow(0.5, -1.0)), c_n);
                                    	} else {
                                    		tmp = pow((1.0 + exp(-s)), -c_p) / 1.0;
                                    	}
                                    	return tmp;
                                    }
                                    
                                    function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
                                    	tmp = 0.0
                                    	if (Float64(-s) <= 500000000.0)
                                    		tmp = Float64(fma(-0.25, s, 0.5) * (0.5 ^ -1.0)) ^ c_n;
                                    	else
                                    		tmp = Float64((Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-s))) ^ Float64(-c_p)) / 1.0);
                                    	end
                                    	return tmp
                                    end
                                    
                                    code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := If[LessEqual[(-s), 500000000.0], N[Power[N[(N[(-0.25 * s + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[0.5, -1.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-s)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], (-c$95$p)], $MachinePrecision] / 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]
                                    
                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                    
                                    \\
                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                    \mathbf{if}\;-s \leq 500000000:\\
                                    \;\;\;\;{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, s, 0.5\right) \cdot {0.5}^{-1}\right)}^{c\_n}\\
                                    
                                    \mathbf{else}:\\
                                    \;\;\;\;\frac{{\left(1 + e^{-s}\right)}^{\left(-c\_p\right)}}{1}\\
                                    
                                    
                                    \end{array}
                                    \end{array}
                                    
                                    Derivation
                                    1. Split input into 2 regimes
                                    2. if (neg.f64 s) < 5e8

                                      1. Initial program 95.2%

                                        \[\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                      2. Add Preprocessing
                                      3. Taylor expanded in c_p around 0

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. lower-/.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                                        2. lower-pow.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                        3. lower--.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                        4. lower-/.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                        5. +-commutativeN/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                        6. neg-mul-1N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                        7. lower-+.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                        8. lower-exp.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                        9. neg-mul-1N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                        10. lower-neg.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                        11. lower-pow.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                                      5. Applied rewrites98.7%

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                                      6. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\frac{1}{2}}^{c\_n}} \]
                                      7. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. Applied rewrites97.9%

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{0.5}^{c\_n}} \]
                                        2. Taylor expanded in s around 0

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{4} \cdot s\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\frac{1}{2}}^{c\_n}} \]
                                        3. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. Applied rewrites97.1%

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, s, 0.5\right)\right)}^{c\_n}}{{0.5}^{c\_n}} \]
                                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. Applied rewrites97.5%

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left({0.5}^{-1} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, s, 0.5\right)\right)}^{c\_n}} \]

                                            if 5e8 < (neg.f64 s)

                                            1. Initial program 71.4%

                                              \[\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                            2. Add Preprocessing
                                            3. Taylor expanded in c_n around 0

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                                              2. lower-pow.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                              3. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                              4. +-commutativeN/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                              5. neg-mul-1N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                              6. lower-+.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                              7. lower-exp.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                              8. neg-mul-1N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                              9. lower-neg.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                              10. lower-pow.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                                              11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_p}} \]
                                              12. +-commutativeN/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                              13. lower-+.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                              14. lower-exp.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                              15. lower-neg.f6471.4

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-t}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                            5. Applied rewrites71.4%

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                                            6. Taylor expanded in c_p around 0

                                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{1} \]
                                            7. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. Applied rewrites100.0%

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{1} \]
                                              2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. Applied rewrites100.0%

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(e^{-s} + 1\right)}^{\left(-1 \cdot c\_p\right)}}{1} \]
                                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. Applied rewrites100.0%

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(e^{-s} + 1\right)}^{\left(-c\_p\right)}}{1} \]
                                                3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                                4. Final simplification97.6%

                                                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;-s \leq 500000000:\\ \;\;\;\;{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, s, 0.5\right) \cdot {0.5}^{-1}\right)}^{c\_n}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{{\left(1 + e^{-s}\right)}^{\left(-c\_p\right)}}{1}\\ \end{array} \]
                                                5. Add Preprocessing

                                                Alternative 6: 93.9% accurate, 4.2× speedup?

                                                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, s, 0.5\right) \cdot {0.5}^{-1}\right)}^{c\_n} \end{array} \]
                                                (FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
                                                 :precision binary64
                                                 (pow (* (fma -0.25 s 0.5) (pow 0.5 -1.0)) c_n))
                                                double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
                                                	return pow((fma(-0.25, s, 0.5) * pow(0.5, -1.0)), c_n);
                                                }
                                                
                                                function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
                                                	return Float64(fma(-0.25, s, 0.5) * (0.5 ^ -1.0)) ^ c_n
                                                end
                                                
                                                code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := N[Power[N[(N[(-0.25 * s + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[0.5, -1.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]
                                                
                                                \begin{array}{l}
                                                
                                                \\
                                                {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, s, 0.5\right) \cdot {0.5}^{-1}\right)}^{c\_n}
                                                \end{array}
                                                
                                                Derivation
                                                1. Initial program 94.5%

                                                  \[\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                                3. Taylor expanded in c_p around 0

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                                                  2. lower-pow.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                                  3. lower--.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                                  4. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                                  5. +-commutativeN/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                                  6. neg-mul-1N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                                  7. lower-+.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                                  8. lower-exp.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                                  9. neg-mul-1N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                                  10. lower-neg.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                                  11. lower-pow.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                                                5. Applied rewrites96.1%

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                                                6. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\frac{1}{2}}^{c\_n}} \]
                                                7. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. Applied rewrites95.3%

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{0.5}^{c\_n}} \]
                                                  2. Taylor expanded in s around 0

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{4} \cdot s\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\frac{1}{2}}^{c\_n}} \]
                                                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                                                    1. Applied rewrites94.5%

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, s, 0.5\right)\right)}^{c\_n}}{{0.5}^{c\_n}} \]
                                                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                      1. Applied rewrites94.9%

                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left({0.5}^{-1} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, s, 0.5\right)\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                                      2. Final simplification94.9%

                                                        \[\leadsto {\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, s, 0.5\right) \cdot {0.5}^{-1}\right)}^{c\_n} \]
                                                      3. Add Preprocessing

                                                      Alternative 7: 94.3% accurate, 896.0× speedup?

                                                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 \end{array} \]
                                                      (FPCore (c_p c_n t s) :precision binary64 1.0)
                                                      double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
                                                      	return 1.0;
                                                      }
                                                      
                                                      real(8) function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: c_p
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: c_n
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: t
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: s
                                                          code = 1.0d0
                                                      end function
                                                      
                                                      public static double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
                                                      	return 1.0;
                                                      }
                                                      
                                                      def code(c_p, c_n, t, s):
                                                      	return 1.0
                                                      
                                                      function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
                                                      	return 1.0
                                                      end
                                                      
                                                      function tmp = code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
                                                      	tmp = 1.0;
                                                      end
                                                      
                                                      code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := 1.0
                                                      
                                                      \begin{array}{l}
                                                      
                                                      \\
                                                      1
                                                      \end{array}
                                                      
                                                      Derivation
                                                      1. Initial program 94.5%

                                                        \[\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                                                      2. Add Preprocessing
                                                      3. Taylor expanded in c_n around 0

                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                                                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                        1. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                                                        2. lower-pow.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                                        3. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                                        4. +-commutativeN/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                                        5. neg-mul-1N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                                        6. lower-+.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                                        7. lower-exp.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                                        8. neg-mul-1N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                                        9. lower-neg.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                                        10. lower-pow.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                                                        11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_p}} \]
                                                        12. +-commutativeN/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                                        13. lower-+.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                                        14. lower-exp.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                                        15. lower-neg.f6494.0

                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-t}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                                      5. Applied rewrites94.0%

                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                                                      6. Taylor expanded in c_p around 0

                                                        \[\leadsto 1 \]
                                                      7. Step-by-step derivation
                                                        1. Applied rewrites94.8%

                                                          \[\leadsto 1 \]
                                                        2. Add Preprocessing

                                                        Developer Target 1: 96.4% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

                                                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(\frac{1 + e^{-t}}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(\frac{1 + e^{t}}{1 + e^{s}}\right)}^{c\_n} \end{array} \]
                                                        (FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
                                                         :precision binary64
                                                         (*
                                                          (pow (/ (+ 1.0 (exp (- t))) (+ 1.0 (exp (- s)))) c_p)
                                                          (pow (/ (+ 1.0 (exp t)) (+ 1.0 (exp s))) c_n)))
                                                        double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
                                                        	return pow(((1.0 + exp(-t)) / (1.0 + exp(-s))), c_p) * pow(((1.0 + exp(t)) / (1.0 + exp(s))), c_n);
                                                        }
                                                        
                                                        real(8) function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: c_p
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: c_n
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: t
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: s
                                                            code = (((1.0d0 + exp(-t)) / (1.0d0 + exp(-s))) ** c_p) * (((1.0d0 + exp(t)) / (1.0d0 + exp(s))) ** c_n)
                                                        end function
                                                        
                                                        public static double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
                                                        	return Math.pow(((1.0 + Math.exp(-t)) / (1.0 + Math.exp(-s))), c_p) * Math.pow(((1.0 + Math.exp(t)) / (1.0 + Math.exp(s))), c_n);
                                                        }
                                                        
                                                        def code(c_p, c_n, t, s):
                                                        	return math.pow(((1.0 + math.exp(-t)) / (1.0 + math.exp(-s))), c_p) * math.pow(((1.0 + math.exp(t)) / (1.0 + math.exp(s))), c_n)
                                                        
                                                        function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
                                                        	return Float64((Float64(Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-t))) / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-s)))) ^ c_p) * (Float64(Float64(1.0 + exp(t)) / Float64(1.0 + exp(s))) ^ c_n))
                                                        end
                                                        
                                                        function tmp = code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
                                                        	tmp = (((1.0 + exp(-t)) / (1.0 + exp(-s))) ^ c_p) * (((1.0 + exp(t)) / (1.0 + exp(s))) ^ c_n);
                                                        end
                                                        
                                                        code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := N[(N[Power[N[(N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-t)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-s)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], c$95$p], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(1.0 + N[Exp[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[s], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                        
                                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                                        
                                                        \\
                                                        {\left(\frac{1 + e^{-t}}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(\frac{1 + e^{t}}{1 + e^{s}}\right)}^{c\_n}
                                                        \end{array}
                                                        

                                                        Reproduce

                                                        ?
                                                        herbie shell --seed 2024248 
                                                        (FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
                                                          :name "Harley's example"
                                                          :precision binary64
                                                          :pre (and (< 0.0 c_p) (< 0.0 c_n))
                                                        
                                                          :alt
                                                          (! :herbie-platform default (* (pow (/ (+ 1 (exp (- t))) (+ 1 (exp (- s)))) c_p) (pow (/ (+ 1 (exp t)) (+ 1 (exp s))) c_n)))
                                                        
                                                          (/ (* (pow (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- s)))) c_p) (pow (- 1.0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- s))))) c_n)) (* (pow (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- t)))) c_p) (pow (- 1.0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- t))))) c_n))))