Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 25.3% → 94.2%
Time: 26.9s
Alternatives: 11
Speedup: 40.5×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 11 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 25.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 94.2% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ -4 \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* a b) (* y-scale x-scale)))) (* -4.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
	return -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
    code = (-4.0d0) * (t_0 * t_0)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
	return -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
	return -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0)
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(a * b) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(t_0 * t_0))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
	tmp = -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(-4.0 * N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
-4 \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 22.3%

    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    2. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    3. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    4. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    5. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    6. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    7. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
    9. times-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    10. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    11. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    12. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    13. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    14. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
    15. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
    16. lower-*.f6452.9

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
  5. Applied rewrites52.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites81.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites95.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
      2. Final simplification95.2%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \]
      3. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 2: 66.6% accurate, 27.2× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{angle}{180} \leq 1.6 \cdot 10^{-264}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
       :precision binary64
       (if (<= (/ angle 180.0) 1.6e-264)
         (* (/ (* (* (* a b) b) a) (* (* y-scale y-scale) (* x-scale x-scale))) -4.0)
         (*
          (* b b)
          (* (/ (* -4.0 a) (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ a (* y-scale x-scale))))))
      double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
      	double tmp;
      	if ((angle / 180.0) <= 1.6e-264) {
      		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
      	} else {
      		tmp = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: b
          real(8), intent (in) :: angle
          real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
          real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
          real(8) :: tmp
          if ((angle / 180.0d0) <= 1.6d-264) then
              tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * a) / ((y_45scale * y_45scale) * (x_45scale * x_45scale))) * (-4.0d0)
          else
              tmp = (b * b) * ((((-4.0d0) * a) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (a / (y_45scale * x_45scale)))
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
      	double tmp;
      	if ((angle / 180.0) <= 1.6e-264) {
      		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
      	} else {
      		tmp = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
      	tmp = 0
      	if (angle / 180.0) <= 1.6e-264:
      		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0
      	else:
      		tmp = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))
      	return tmp
      
      function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (Float64(angle / 180.0) <= 1.6e-264)
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * b) * b) * a) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0);
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))));
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if ((angle / 180.0) <= 1.6e-264)
      		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
      	else
      		tmp = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := If[LessEqual[N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision], 1.6e-264], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;\frac{angle}{180} \leq 1.6 \cdot 10^{-264}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) < 1.59999999999999998e-264

        1. Initial program 27.3%

          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-/l*N/A

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          2. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          3. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          4. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          5. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          6. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          7. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          8. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
          9. times-fracN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          10. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          11. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          12. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          13. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          14. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
          15. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
          16. lower-*.f6458.8

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
        5. Applied rewrites58.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites85.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
          2. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites96.3%

              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites64.5%

                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot a}{\left(\left(-x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)} \cdot -4 \]

              if 1.59999999999999998e-264 < (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64))

              1. Initial program 16.8%

                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
              4. Applied rewrites47.9%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
              5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
              6. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites54.2%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                2. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites72.0%

                    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                4. Final simplification68.0%

                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{angle}{180} \leq 1.6 \cdot 10^{-264}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                5. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 3: 78.5% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{-167}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 2.2 \cdot 10^{+156}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                 :precision binary64
                 (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale))))
                   (if (<= a 9.5e-167)
                     (*
                      (* (/ (* a b) (* (* x-scale x-scale) y-scale)) (* (/ a y-scale) b))
                      -4.0)
                     (if (<= a 2.2e+156)
                       (* (* t_0 t_0) (* (* a a) -4.0))
                       (*
                        (* b b)
                        (* (/ (* -4.0 a) (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ a (* y-scale x-scale))))))))
                double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                	double tmp;
                	if (a <= 9.5e-167) {
                		tmp = (((a * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((a / y_45_scale) * b)) * -4.0;
                	} else if (a <= 2.2e+156) {
                		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                	} else {
                		tmp = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                	}
                	return tmp;
                }
                
                real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: a
                    real(8), intent (in) :: b
                    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                    real(8) :: t_0
                    real(8) :: tmp
                    t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                    if (a <= 9.5d-167) then
                        tmp = (((a * b) / ((x_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale)) * ((a / y_45scale) * b)) * (-4.0d0)
                    else if (a <= 2.2d+156) then
                        tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                    else
                        tmp = (b * b) * ((((-4.0d0) * a) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (a / (y_45scale * x_45scale)))
                    end if
                    code = tmp
                end function
                
                public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                	double tmp;
                	if (a <= 9.5e-167) {
                		tmp = (((a * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((a / y_45_scale) * b)) * -4.0;
                	} else if (a <= 2.2e+156) {
                		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                	} else {
                		tmp = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                	}
                	return tmp;
                }
                
                def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
                	tmp = 0
                	if a <= 9.5e-167:
                		tmp = (((a * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((a / y_45_scale) * b)) * -4.0
                	elif a <= 2.2e+156:
                		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                	else:
                		tmp = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))
                	return tmp
                
                function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                	tmp = 0.0
                	if (a <= 9.5e-167)
                		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * b) / Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(a / y_45_scale) * b)) * -4.0);
                	elseif (a <= 2.2e+156)
                		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0));
                	else
                		tmp = Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))));
                	end
                	return tmp
                end
                
                function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                	tmp = 0.0;
                	if (a <= 9.5e-167)
                		tmp = (((a * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((a / y_45_scale) * b)) * -4.0;
                	elseif (a <= 2.2e+156)
                		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                	else
                		tmp = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                	end
                	tmp_2 = tmp;
                end
                
                code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, 9.5e-167], N[(N[(N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[a, 2.2e+156], N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \begin{array}{l}
                t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
                \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{-167}:\\
                \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4\\
                
                \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 2.2 \cdot 10^{+156}:\\
                \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
                
                \mathbf{else}:\\
                \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\
                
                
                \end{array}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Split input into 3 regimes
                2. if a < 9.49999999999999955e-167

                  1. Initial program 24.2%

                    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. associate-/l*N/A

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    2. associate-*r*N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    3. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    5. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    6. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    7. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    8. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    9. times-fracN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    10. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    11. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    12. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    13. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    14. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                    15. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                    16. lower-*.f6452.9

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                  5. Applied rewrites52.9%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites84.7%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites96.7%

                        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites76.9%

                          \[\leadsto \left(\left(b \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot a}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]

                        if 9.49999999999999955e-167 < a < 2.20000000000000004e156

                        1. Initial program 28.9%

                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. associate-/l*N/A

                            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                          2. associate-*r*N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                          3. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                          4. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                          5. unpow2N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                          6. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                          7. unpow2N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                          8. *-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                          9. times-fracN/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                          10. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                          11. lower-/.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                          12. unpow2N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                          13. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                          14. lower-/.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                          15. unpow2N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                          16. lower-*.f6457.4

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                        5. Applied rewrites57.4%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites88.4%

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]

                          if 2.20000000000000004e156 < a

                          1. Initial program 0.0%

                            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                          4. Applied rewrites50.0%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                          5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites50.1%

                              \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites74.9%

                                \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                            3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                            4. Final simplification80.4%

                              \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{-167}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 2.2 \cdot 10^{+156}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                            5. Add Preprocessing

                            Alternative 4: 69.0% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 1.8 \cdot 10^{-168}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 2.2 \cdot 10^{+156}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                            (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                             :precision binary64
                             (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale))))
                               (if (<= a 1.8e-168)
                                 (*
                                  (/ (* (* (* a b) b) a) (* (* y-scale y-scale) (* x-scale x-scale)))
                                  -4.0)
                                 (if (<= a 2.2e+156)
                                   (* (* t_0 t_0) (* (* a a) -4.0))
                                   (*
                                    (* b b)
                                    (* (/ (* -4.0 a) (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ a (* y-scale x-scale))))))))
                            double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                            	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                            	double tmp;
                            	if (a <= 1.8e-168) {
                            		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                            	} else if (a <= 2.2e+156) {
                            		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                            	} else {
                            		tmp = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                            	}
                            	return tmp;
                            }
                            
                            real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                real(8) :: t_0
                                real(8) :: tmp
                                t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                                if (a <= 1.8d-168) then
                                    tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * a) / ((y_45scale * y_45scale) * (x_45scale * x_45scale))) * (-4.0d0)
                                else if (a <= 2.2d+156) then
                                    tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                                else
                                    tmp = (b * b) * ((((-4.0d0) * a) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (a / (y_45scale * x_45scale)))
                                end if
                                code = tmp
                            end function
                            
                            public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                            	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                            	double tmp;
                            	if (a <= 1.8e-168) {
                            		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                            	} else if (a <= 2.2e+156) {
                            		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                            	} else {
                            		tmp = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                            	}
                            	return tmp;
                            }
                            
                            def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                            	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
                            	tmp = 0
                            	if a <= 1.8e-168:
                            		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0
                            	elif a <= 2.2e+156:
                            		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                            	else:
                            		tmp = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))
                            	return tmp
                            
                            function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                            	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                            	tmp = 0.0
                            	if (a <= 1.8e-168)
                            		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * b) * b) * a) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0);
                            	elseif (a <= 2.2e+156)
                            		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0));
                            	else
                            		tmp = Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))));
                            	end
                            	return tmp
                            end
                            
                            function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                            	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                            	tmp = 0.0;
                            	if (a <= 1.8e-168)
                            		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                            	elseif (a <= 2.2e+156)
                            		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                            	else
                            		tmp = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                            	end
                            	tmp_2 = tmp;
                            end
                            
                            code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, 1.8e-168], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[a, 2.2e+156], N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
                            
                            \begin{array}{l}
                            
                            \\
                            \begin{array}{l}
                            t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
                            \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 1.8 \cdot 10^{-168}:\\
                            \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\
                            
                            \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 2.2 \cdot 10^{+156}:\\
                            \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
                            
                            \mathbf{else}:\\
                            \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\
                            
                            
                            \end{array}
                            \end{array}
                            
                            Derivation
                            1. Split input into 3 regimes
                            2. if a < 1.7999999999999999e-168

                              1. Initial program 24.2%

                                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                              2. Add Preprocessing
                              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. associate-/l*N/A

                                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                2. associate-*r*N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                5. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                7. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                8. *-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                9. times-fracN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                12. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                15. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                16. lower-*.f6452.9

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                              5. Applied rewrites52.9%

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                              6. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites84.7%

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites96.7%

                                    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites68.4%

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot a}{\left(\left(-x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)} \cdot -4 \]

                                    if 1.7999999999999999e-168 < a < 2.20000000000000004e156

                                    1. Initial program 28.9%

                                      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                    2. Add Preprocessing
                                    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. associate-/l*N/A

                                        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                      2. associate-*r*N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                      3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                      4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                      5. unpow2N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                      6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                      7. unpow2N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                      8. *-commutativeN/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                      9. times-fracN/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                      10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                      11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                      12. unpow2N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                      13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                      14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                      15. unpow2N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                      16. lower-*.f6457.4

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                    5. Applied rewrites57.4%

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. Applied rewrites88.4%

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]

                                      if 2.20000000000000004e156 < a

                                      1. Initial program 0.0%

                                        \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                      2. Add Preprocessing
                                      3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                      4. Applied rewrites50.0%

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                      5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                      6. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. Applied rewrites50.1%

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                        2. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. Applied rewrites74.9%

                                            \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                        3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                                        4. Final simplification75.9%

                                          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 1.8 \cdot 10^{-168}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 2.2 \cdot 10^{+156}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                                        5. Add Preprocessing

                                        Alternative 5: 63.0% accurate, 32.3× speedup?

                                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 1.8 \cdot 10^{-168}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 2.25 \cdot 10^{+159}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                         :precision binary64
                                         (let* ((t_0
                                                 (*
                                                  (/ (* (* (* a b) b) a) (* (* y-scale y-scale) (* x-scale x-scale)))
                                                  -4.0)))
                                           (if (<= a 1.8e-168)
                                             t_0
                                             (if (<= a 2.25e+159)
                                               (*
                                                (/ (* b b) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale)))
                                                (* (* -4.0 a) a))
                                               t_0))))
                                        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                        	double t_0 = ((((a * b) * b) * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                        	double tmp;
                                        	if (a <= 1.8e-168) {
                                        		tmp = t_0;
                                        	} else if (a <= 2.25e+159) {
                                        		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((-4.0 * a) * a);
                                        	} else {
                                        		tmp = t_0;
                                        	}
                                        	return tmp;
                                        }
                                        
                                        real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                            real(8) :: t_0
                                            real(8) :: tmp
                                            t_0 = ((((a * b) * b) * a) / ((y_45scale * y_45scale) * (x_45scale * x_45scale))) * (-4.0d0)
                                            if (a <= 1.8d-168) then
                                                tmp = t_0
                                            else if (a <= 2.25d+159) then
                                                tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (((-4.0d0) * a) * a)
                                            else
                                                tmp = t_0
                                            end if
                                            code = tmp
                                        end function
                                        
                                        public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                        	double t_0 = ((((a * b) * b) * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                        	double tmp;
                                        	if (a <= 1.8e-168) {
                                        		tmp = t_0;
                                        	} else if (a <= 2.25e+159) {
                                        		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((-4.0 * a) * a);
                                        	} else {
                                        		tmp = t_0;
                                        	}
                                        	return tmp;
                                        }
                                        
                                        def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                        	t_0 = ((((a * b) * b) * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0
                                        	tmp = 0
                                        	if a <= 1.8e-168:
                                        		tmp = t_0
                                        	elif a <= 2.25e+159:
                                        		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((-4.0 * a) * a)
                                        	else:
                                        		tmp = t_0
                                        	return tmp
                                        
                                        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                        	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * b) * b) * a) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0)
                                        	tmp = 0.0
                                        	if (a <= 1.8e-168)
                                        		tmp = t_0;
                                        	elseif (a <= 2.25e+159)
                                        		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) * a));
                                        	else
                                        		tmp = t_0;
                                        	end
                                        	return tmp
                                        end
                                        
                                        function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                        	t_0 = ((((a * b) * b) * a) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                        	tmp = 0.0;
                                        	if (a <= 1.8e-168)
                                        		tmp = t_0;
                                        	elseif (a <= 2.25e+159)
                                        		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((-4.0 * a) * a);
                                        	else
                                        		tmp = t_0;
                                        	end
                                        	tmp_2 = tmp;
                                        end
                                        
                                        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, 1.8e-168], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[a, 2.25e+159], N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]
                                        
                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                        
                                        \\
                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                        t_0 := \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\
                                        \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 1.8 \cdot 10^{-168}:\\
                                        \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
                                        
                                        \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 2.25 \cdot 10^{+159}:\\
                                        \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right)\\
                                        
                                        \mathbf{else}:\\
                                        \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
                                        
                                        
                                        \end{array}
                                        \end{array}
                                        
                                        Derivation
                                        1. Split input into 2 regimes
                                        2. if a < 1.7999999999999999e-168 or 2.25000000000000013e159 < a

                                          1. Initial program 19.3%

                                            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                          2. Add Preprocessing
                                          3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. associate-/l*N/A

                                              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                            2. associate-*r*N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                            3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                            4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                            5. unpow2N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                            6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                            7. unpow2N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                            8. *-commutativeN/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                            9. times-fracN/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                            10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                            11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                            12. unpow2N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                            13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                            14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                            15. unpow2N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                            16. lower-*.f6451.2

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                          5. Applied rewrites51.2%

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. Applied rewrites85.4%

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. Applied rewrites96.8%

                                                \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                              2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. Applied rewrites66.5%

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(-b\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot a}{\left(\left(-x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)} \cdot -4 \]

                                                if 1.7999999999999999e-168 < a < 2.25000000000000013e159

                                                1. Initial program 28.2%

                                                  \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                                3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                  2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                  3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                  4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                  5. unpow2N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                  6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                  7. unpow2N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                  8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                  9. times-fracN/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                  10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                  11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                  12. unpow2N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                  13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                  14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                  15. unpow2N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                  16. lower-*.f6456.1

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                5. Applied rewrites56.1%

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                7. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. Applied rewrites69.0%

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                    1. Applied rewrites69.0%

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \]
                                                  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                                  4. Final simplification67.3%

                                                    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 1.8 \cdot 10^{-168}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 2.25 \cdot 10^{+159}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\ \end{array} \]
                                                  5. Add Preprocessing

                                                  Alternative 6: 83.9% accurate, 32.3× speedup?

                                                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 2.1 \cdot 10^{+237}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                                  (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                   :precision binary64
                                                   (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale))))
                                                     (if (<= b 2.1e+237)
                                                       (*
                                                        (* (/ (* (* a b) b) (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ a (* y-scale x-scale)))
                                                        -4.0)
                                                       (* (* t_0 t_0) (* (* a a) -4.0)))))
                                                  double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                  	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                                  	double tmp;
                                                  	if (b <= 2.1e+237) {
                                                  		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                                  	} else {
                                                  		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                                  	}
                                                  	return tmp;
                                                  }
                                                  
                                                  real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                      real(8) :: t_0
                                                      real(8) :: tmp
                                                      t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                                                      if (b <= 2.1d+237) then
                                                          tmp = ((((a * b) * b) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (a / (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (-4.0d0)
                                                      else
                                                          tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                                                      end if
                                                      code = tmp
                                                  end function
                                                  
                                                  public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                  	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                                  	double tmp;
                                                  	if (b <= 2.1e+237) {
                                                  		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                                  	} else {
                                                  		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                                  	}
                                                  	return tmp;
                                                  }
                                                  
                                                  def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                  	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
                                                  	tmp = 0
                                                  	if b <= 2.1e+237:
                                                  		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0
                                                  	else:
                                                  		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                                                  	return tmp
                                                  
                                                  function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                  	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                                                  	tmp = 0.0
                                                  	if (b <= 2.1e+237)
                                                  		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * b) * b) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0);
                                                  	else
                                                  		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0));
                                                  	end
                                                  	return tmp
                                                  end
                                                  
                                                  function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                  	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                                  	tmp = 0.0;
                                                  	if (b <= 2.1e+237)
                                                  		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                                  	else
                                                  		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                                  	end
                                                  	tmp_2 = tmp;
                                                  end
                                                  
                                                  code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, 2.1e+237], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
                                                  
                                                  \begin{array}{l}
                                                  
                                                  \\
                                                  \begin{array}{l}
                                                  t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
                                                  \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 2.1 \cdot 10^{+237}:\\
                                                  \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\
                                                  
                                                  \mathbf{else}:\\
                                                  \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
                                                  
                                                  
                                                  \end{array}
                                                  \end{array}
                                                  
                                                  Derivation
                                                  1. Split input into 2 regimes
                                                  2. if b < 2.10000000000000015e237

                                                    1. Initial program 24.2%

                                                      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                    2. Add Preprocessing
                                                    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                      1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                      2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                      3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                      4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                      5. unpow2N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                      6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                      7. unpow2N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                      8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                      9. times-fracN/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                      10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                      11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                      12. unpow2N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                      13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                      14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                      15. unpow2N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                      16. lower-*.f6455.5

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                    5. Applied rewrites55.5%

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                      1. Applied rewrites84.1%

                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                                                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                        1. Applied rewrites89.6%

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]

                                                        if 2.10000000000000015e237 < b

                                                        1. Initial program 0.0%

                                                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                                        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                          1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                          2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                          3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                          4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                          5. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                          6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                          7. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                          8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                          9. times-fracN/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                          10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                          11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                          12. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                          13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                          14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                          15. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                          16. lower-*.f6421.3

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                        5. Applied rewrites21.3%

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                          1. Applied rewrites80.4%

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                        7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                                        8. Final simplification88.9%

                                                          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 2.1 \cdot 10^{+237}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                                                        9. Add Preprocessing

                                                        Alternative 7: 92.6% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                                                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \end{array} \]
                                                        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                         :precision binary64
                                                         (* (* (* (/ a (* y-scale x-scale)) b) (/ (* a b) (* y-scale x-scale))) -4.0))
                                                        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                        	return (((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * b) * ((a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                                        }
                                                        
                                                        real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                            code = (((a / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * b) * ((a * b) / (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (-4.0d0)
                                                        end function
                                                        
                                                        public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                        	return (((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * b) * ((a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                                        }
                                                        
                                                        def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                        	return (((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * b) * ((a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0
                                                        
                                                        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                        	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * b) * Float64(Float64(a * b) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0)
                                                        end
                                                        
                                                        function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                        	tmp = (((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * b) * ((a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                                        end
                                                        
                                                        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]
                                                        
                                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                                        
                                                        \\
                                                        \left(\left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4
                                                        \end{array}
                                                        
                                                        Derivation
                                                        1. Initial program 22.3%

                                                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                                        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                          1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                          2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                          3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                          4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                          5. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                          6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                          7. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                          8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                          9. times-fracN/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                          10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                          11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                          12. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                          13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                          14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                          15. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                          16. lower-*.f6452.9

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                        5. Applied rewrites52.9%

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                          1. Applied rewrites81.8%

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                                                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                            1. Applied rewrites95.2%

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                              1. Applied rewrites93.8%

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                                              2. Final simplification93.8%

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                                              3. Add Preprocessing

                                                              Alternative 8: 61.9% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                                              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right) \end{array} \]
                                                              (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                               :precision binary64
                                                               (* (/ (* b b) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) (* (* -4.0 a) a)))
                                                              double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                              	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((-4.0 * a) * a);
                                                              }
                                                              
                                                              real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                                  code = ((b * b) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (((-4.0d0) * a) * a)
                                                              end function
                                                              
                                                              public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                              	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((-4.0 * a) * a);
                                                              }
                                                              
                                                              def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                              	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((-4.0 * a) * a)
                                                              
                                                              function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                              	return Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) * a))
                                                              end
                                                              
                                                              function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                              	tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((-4.0 * a) * a);
                                                              end
                                                              
                                                              code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                              
                                                              \begin{array}{l}
                                                              
                                                              \\
                                                              \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right)
                                                              \end{array}
                                                              
                                                              Derivation
                                                              1. Initial program 22.3%

                                                                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                              2. Add Preprocessing
                                                              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                                2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                5. unpow2N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                7. unpow2N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                9. times-fracN/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                                10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                                12. unpow2N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                                13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                                14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                                15. unpow2N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                                16. lower-*.f6452.9

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                              5. Applied rewrites52.9%

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                              6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                              7. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                1. Applied rewrites60.6%

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                  1. Applied rewrites60.6%

                                                                    \[\leadsto \left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \]
                                                                  2. Final simplification60.6%

                                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right) \]
                                                                  3. Add Preprocessing

                                                                  Alternative 9: 61.9% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                                                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \end{array} \]
                                                                  (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                                   :precision binary64
                                                                   (* (/ (* b b) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) (* (* a a) -4.0)))
                                                                  double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                  	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                                                  }
                                                                  
                                                                  real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                                      code = ((b * b) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                                                                  end function
                                                                  
                                                                  public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                  	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                                                  }
                                                                  
                                                                  def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                                  	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                                                                  
                                                                  function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                  	return Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0))
                                                                  end
                                                                  
                                                                  function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                  	tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                                                  end
                                                                  
                                                                  code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                                  
                                                                  \begin{array}{l}
                                                                  
                                                                  \\
                                                                  \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)
                                                                  \end{array}
                                                                  
                                                                  Derivation
                                                                  1. Initial program 22.3%

                                                                    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                                                  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                    1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                                    2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                    3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                    5. unpow2N/A

                                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                    6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                    7. unpow2N/A

                                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                    8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                    9. times-fracN/A

                                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                                    10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                                    11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                                    12. unpow2N/A

                                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                                    13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                                    14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                                    15. unpow2N/A

                                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                                    16. lower-*.f6452.9

                                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                                  5. Applied rewrites52.9%

                                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                                  6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                  7. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                    1. Applied rewrites60.6%

                                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                                                    2. Final simplification60.6%

                                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \]
                                                                    3. Add Preprocessing

                                                                    Alternative 10: 61.8% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                                                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \end{array} \]
                                                                    (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                                     :precision binary64
                                                                     (* (/ (* (* -4.0 a) a) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) (* b b)))
                                                                    double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                    	return (((-4.0 * a) * a) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                                    }
                                                                    
                                                                    real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                                        real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                                        real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                                        real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                                        real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                                        real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                                        code = ((((-4.0d0) * a) * a) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (b * b)
                                                                    end function
                                                                    
                                                                    public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                    	return (((-4.0 * a) * a) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                                    }
                                                                    
                                                                    def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                                    	return (((-4.0 * a) * a) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                                                                    
                                                                    function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                    	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) * a) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b))
                                                                    end
                                                                    
                                                                    function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                    	tmp = (((-4.0 * a) * a) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                                    end
                                                                    
                                                                    code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                                    
                                                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                                                    
                                                                    \\
                                                                    \frac{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)
                                                                    \end{array}
                                                                    
                                                                    Derivation
                                                                    1. Initial program 22.3%

                                                                      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                                    2. Add Preprocessing
                                                                    3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                                    4. Applied rewrites51.1%

                                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                                                    5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                      1. Applied rewrites60.5%

                                                                        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                        1. Applied rewrites60.5%

                                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                                        2. Add Preprocessing

                                                                        Alternative 11: 61.8% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                                                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \end{array} \]
                                                                        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                                         :precision binary64
                                                                         (* (/ (* (* a a) -4.0) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) (* b b)))
                                                                        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                        	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                                        }
                                                                        
                                                                        real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                                            code = (((a * a) * (-4.0d0)) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (b * b)
                                                                        end function
                                                                        
                                                                        public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                        	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                                        }
                                                                        
                                                                        def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                                        	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                                                                        
                                                                        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                        	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b))
                                                                        end
                                                                        
                                                                        function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                        	tmp = (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                                        end
                                                                        
                                                                        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                                        
                                                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                                                        
                                                                        \\
                                                                        \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)
                                                                        \end{array}
                                                                        
                                                                        Derivation
                                                                        1. Initial program 22.3%

                                                                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                                                        3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                                        4. Applied rewrites51.1%

                                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                                                        5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                          1. Applied rewrites60.5%

                                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                                          2. Final simplification60.5%

                                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                                          3. Add Preprocessing

                                                                          Reproduce

                                                                          ?
                                                                          herbie shell --seed 2024248 
                                                                          (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                                            :name "Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse"
                                                                            :precision binary64
                                                                            (- (* (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale) (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale)) (* (* 4.0 (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale)) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))))