UniformSampleCone 2

Percentage Accurate: 98.9% → 98.9%

Time: 22.9s

Alternatives: 15

Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

\[\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(-10000 \leq xi \land xi \leq 10000\right) \land \left(-10000 \leq yi \land yi \leq 10000\right)\right) \land \left(-10000 \leq zi \land zi \leq 10000\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq ux \land ux \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq uy \land uy \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(0 \leq maxCos \land maxCos \leq 1\right)\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\ t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ \left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))
        (t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
        (t_2 (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))))
   (+ (+ (* (* (cos t_2) t_1) xi) (* (* (sin t_2) t_1) yi)) (* t_0 zi))))

Initial Program: 98.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\ t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ \left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))
        (t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
        (t_2 (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))))
   (+ (+ (* (* (cos t_2) t_1) xi) (* (* (sin t_2) t_1) yi)) (* t_0 zi))))

Alternative 1: 98.9% accurate, 0.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_1 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\\ \left(\sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left(\sin t\_1 \cdot yi\right) + xi \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0} \cdot \cos t\_1\right)\right) - t\_0 \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- ux 1.0) maxCos) ux)) (t_1 (* (PI) (* 2.0 uy))))
   (-
    (+
     (* (sqrt (- 1.0 (pow (* (* maxCos (- 1.0 ux)) ux) 2.0))) (* (sin t_1) yi))
     (* xi (* (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))) (cos t_1))))
    (* t_0 zi))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.0%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   3. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + yi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   4. associate-*r* N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   6. lower-*.f32 99.0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   7. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(yi \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   8. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(yi \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(uy \cdot 2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   9. lower-*.f32 99.0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(yi \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(uy \cdot 2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   10. lift-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot 2\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   11. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot uy\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   12. lower-*.f32 99.0

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot uy\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

4. Applied rewrites 99.0%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

5. Final simplification 99.0%

   \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot yi\right) + xi \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\ t_2 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\\ \left(\left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi + xi \cdot \left(t\_1 \cdot \cos t\_2\right)\right) - t\_0 \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- ux 1.0) maxCos) ux))
        (t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
        (t_2 (* (PI) (* 2.0 uy))))
   (- (+ (* (* (sin t_2) t_1) yi) (* xi (* t_1 (cos t_2)))) (* t_0 zi))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.0%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Final simplification 99.0%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + xi \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\\ t_1 := \left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)} \cdot \left(\sin t\_0 \cdot yi\right) + xi \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - t\_1 \cdot t\_1} \cdot \cos t\_0\right)\right) - t\_1 \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (PI) (* 2.0 uy))) (t_1 (* (* (- ux 1.0) maxCos) ux)))
   (-
    (+
     (* (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* maxCos maxCos) (* ux ux)))) (* (sin t_0) yi))
     (* xi (* (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_1 t_1))) (cos t_0))))
    (* t_1 zi))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.0%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   3. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + yi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   4. associate-*r* N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   6. lower-*.f32 99.0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   7. lift-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(yi \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   8. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(yi \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(uy \cdot 2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   9. lower-*.f32 99.0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(yi \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(uy \cdot 2\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   10. lift-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot 2\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   11. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot uy\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   12. lower-*.f32 99.0

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot uy\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

4. Applied rewrites 99.0%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

5. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{{maxCos}^{2} \cdot {ux}^{2}}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{{ux}^{2} \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{{ux}^{2} \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   3. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot ux\right)} \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   4. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot ux\right)} \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   6. lower-*.f32 99.0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

7. Applied rewrites 99.0%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

8. Final simplification 99.0%

   \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)} \cdot \left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot yi\right) + xi \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 98.8% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ \left(\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi + xi \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)\right) - t\_0 \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- ux 1.0) maxCos) ux)))
   (-
    (+
     (* (sin (* (* (PI) uy) 2.0)) yi)
     (* xi (* (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))) (cos (* (PI) (* 2.0 uy))))))
    (* t_0 zi))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.0%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   3. lower-sin.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   4. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   6. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   7. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   8. lower-PI.f32 98.9

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

5. Applied rewrites 98.9%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

6. Final simplification 98.9%

   \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi + xi \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 97.6% accurate, 1.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\\ t_1 := \left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_2 := \sqrt{1 - t\_1 \cdot t\_1}\\ \mathbf{if}\;2 \cdot uy \leq 0.0009500000160187483:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_2\right) \cdot yi + xi \cdot \left(t\_2 \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)\right) - t\_1 \cdot zi\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\cos t\_0}{yi} \cdot xi + \sin t\_0\right) \cdot yi + \left(zi \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (PI) uy) 2.0))
        (t_1 (* (* (- ux 1.0) maxCos) ux))
        (t_2 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_1 t_1)))))
   (if (<= (* 2.0 uy) 0.0009500000160187483)
     (-
      (+ (* (* t_0 t_2) yi) (* xi (* t_2 (cos (* (PI) (* 2.0 uy))))))
      (* t_1 zi))
     (+ (* (+ (* (/ (cos t_0) yi) xi) (sin t_0)) yi) (* (* zi ux) maxCos)))))

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f32 uy #s(literal 2 binary32)) < 9.50000016e-4

   1. Initial program 99.3%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      2. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      4. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      5. lower-PI.f32 99.2

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. Applied rewrites 99.2%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   if 9.50000016e-4 < (*.f32 uy #s(literal 2 binary32))

   1. Initial program 98.5%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   4. Applied rewrites 88.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(yi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - {\left(\left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{\left(yi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) - \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)}} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. Taylor expanded in yi around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(yi \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) + -1 \cdot \frac{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \left(\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{yi}\right)\right)} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 98.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\left(\left(-\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)} - \frac{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}\right)}{yi}\right) \cdot yi} \]

   8. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

      \[\leadsto maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) - \color{blue}{yi \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) - \frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{yi}\right)} \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

   10. Applied rewrites 94.2%

       \[\leadsto maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right) - \color{blue}{yi \cdot \left(\left(-\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) - xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{yi}\right)} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 97.4%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;2 \cdot uy \leq 0.0009500000160187483:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + xi \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)}{yi} \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)\right) \cdot yi + \left(zi \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 97.8% accurate, 1.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\\ \left(\frac{\cos t\_0}{yi} \cdot xi + \sin t\_0\right) \cdot yi - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (PI) uy) 2.0)))
   (-
    (* (+ (* (/ (cos t_0) yi) xi) (sin t_0)) yi)
    (* (* (* (- ux 1.0) zi) ux) maxCos))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.0%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

4. Applied rewrites 83.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(yi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - {\left(\left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{\left(yi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) - \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)}} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

5. Taylor expanded in yi around -inf

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(yi \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) + -1 \cdot \frac{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \left(\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{yi}\right)\right)} \]

7. Applied rewrites 98.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\left(\left(-\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)} - \frac{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}\right)}{yi}\right) \cdot yi} \]

8. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

   \[\leadsto maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{yi \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) - \frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{yi}\right)} \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

10. Applied rewrites 97.9%

    \[\leadsto maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) - \color{blue}{yi \cdot \left(\left(-\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) - xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{yi}\right)} \]

11. Final simplification 97.9%

    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)}{yi} \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)\right) \cdot yi - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 95.9% accurate, 1.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\\ t_1 := \left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_2 := \sqrt{1 - t\_1 \cdot t\_1}\\ \mathbf{if}\;2 \cdot uy \leq 0.0015999999595806003:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_2\right) \cdot yi + xi \cdot \left(t\_2 \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)\right) - t\_1 \cdot zi\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-yi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\cos t\_0}{-yi} \cdot xi - \sin t\_0\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (PI) uy) 2.0))
        (t_1 (* (* (- ux 1.0) maxCos) ux))
        (t_2 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_1 t_1)))))
   (if (<= (* 2.0 uy) 0.0015999999595806003)
     (-
      (+ (* (* t_0 t_2) yi) (* xi (* t_2 (cos (* (PI) (* 2.0 uy))))))
      (* t_1 zi))
     (* (- yi) (- (* (/ (cos t_0) (- yi)) xi) (sin t_0))))))

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f32 uy #s(literal 2 binary32)) < 0.00159999996

   1. Initial program 99.4%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      2. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      4. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      5. lower-PI.f32 99.1

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. Applied rewrites 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   if 0.00159999996 < (*.f32 uy #s(literal 2 binary32))

   1. Initial program 98.4%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   4. Applied rewrites 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(yi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - {\left(\left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{\left(yi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) - \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)}} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. Taylor expanded in yi around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(yi \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) + -1 \cdot \frac{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \left(\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{yi}\right)\right)} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 98.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\left(\left(-\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)} - \frac{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}\right)}{yi}\right) \cdot yi} \]

   8. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

      \[\leadsto -\left(-1 \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) - \frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{yi}\right) \cdot yi \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

   10. Applied rewrites 89.3%

       \[\leadsto -\left(\left(-\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) - xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{yi}\right) \cdot yi \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 95.8%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;2 \cdot uy \leq 0.0015999999595806003:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi + xi \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-yi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)}{-yi} \cdot xi - \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 95.8% accurate, 1.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\\ t_1 := \left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ \mathbf{if}\;2 \cdot uy \leq 0.0015999999595806003:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_2 \cdot xi + \left(t\_0 \cdot \sqrt{1 - t\_1 \cdot t\_1}\right) \cdot yi\right) - t\_1 \cdot zi\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-yi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{t\_2}{-yi} \cdot xi - \sin t\_0\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (PI) uy) 2.0))
        (t_1 (* (* (- ux 1.0) maxCos) ux))
        (t_2 (cos t_0)))
   (if (<= (* 2.0 uy) 0.0015999999595806003)
     (- (+ (* t_2 xi) (* (* t_0 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_1 t_1)))) yi)) (* t_1 zi))
     (* (- yi) (- (* (/ t_2 (- yi)) xi) (sin t_0))))))

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (*.f32 uy #s(literal 2 binary32)) < 0.00159999996

   1. Initial program 99.4%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      2. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      4. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      5. lower-PI.f32 99.1

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. Applied rewrites 99.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   6. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-cos.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      3. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      4. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      5. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      6. lower-PI.f32 98.7

         \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   8. Applied rewrites 98.7%

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   if 0.00159999996 < (*.f32 uy #s(literal 2 binary32))

   1. Initial program 98.4%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   4. Applied rewrites 88.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(yi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - {\left(\left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{\left(yi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) - \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)}} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. Taylor expanded in yi around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(yi \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) + -1 \cdot \frac{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \left(\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}{yi}\right)\right)} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 98.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\left(\left(-\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)} - \frac{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}\right)}{yi}\right) \cdot yi} \]

   8. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

      \[\leadsto -\left(-1 \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) - \frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{yi}\right) \cdot yi \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

   10. Applied rewrites 89.3%

       \[\leadsto -\left(\left(-\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) - xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{yi}\right) \cdot yi \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 95.5%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;2 \cdot uy \leq 0.0015999999595806003:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-yi\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)}{-yi} \cdot xi - \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 90.1% accurate, 1.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_1 := \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\\ \left(\cos t\_1 \cdot xi + \left(t\_1 \cdot \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\right) \cdot yi\right) - t\_0 \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- ux 1.0) maxCos) ux)) (t_1 (* (* (PI) uy) 2.0)))
   (-
    (+ (* (cos t_1) xi) (* (* t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0)))) yi))
    (* t_0 zi))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.0%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   3. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   4. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. lower-PI.f32 91.1

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

5. Applied rewrites 91.1%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

6. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-cos.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   3. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   4. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   6. lower-PI.f32 90.8

      \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

8. Applied rewrites 90.8%

   \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

9. Final simplification 90.8%

   \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 51.3% accurate, 2.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}} \cdot xi - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (-
  (* (sqrt (- 1.0 (pow (* (* maxCos (- 1.0 ux)) ux) 2.0))) xi)
  (* (* (* (- ux 1.0) maxCos) ux) zi)))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return (sqrtf((1.0f - powf(((maxCos * (1.0f - ux)) * ux), 2.0f))) * xi) - ((((ux - 1.0f) * maxCos) * ux) * zi);
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
    real(4), intent (in) :: xi
    real(4), intent (in) :: yi
    real(4), intent (in) :: zi
    real(4), intent (in) :: ux
    real(4), intent (in) :: uy
    real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
    code = (sqrt((1.0e0 - (((maxcos * (1.0e0 - ux)) * ux) ** 2.0e0))) * xi) - ((((ux - 1.0e0) * maxcos) * ux) * zi)
end function

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(Float32(sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - (Float32(Float32(maxCos * Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux)) * ux) ^ Float32(2.0)))) * xi) - Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(ux - Float32(1.0)) * maxCos) * ux) * zi))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = (sqrt((single(1.0) - (((maxCos * (single(1.0) - ux)) * ux) ^ single(2.0)))) * xi) - ((((ux - single(1.0)) * maxCos) * ux) * zi);
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.0%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

4. Applied rewrites 83.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(yi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - {\left(\left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{\left(yi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) - \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)}} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

5. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   3. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   4. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   6. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   7. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   8. mul-1-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]

   9. lower-neg.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \color{blue}{\left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   10. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-\color{blue}{xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   11. lower-sqrt.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   12. lower--.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   13. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}}\right) \]

   14. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}}\right) \]

7. Applied rewrites 51.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}\right)} \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

9. Applied rewrites 51.8%

   \[\leadsto zi \cdot \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) + \color{blue}{xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}} \]

10. Final simplification 51.8%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}} \cdot xi - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 11: 51.3% accurate, 5.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(maxCos \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)} \cdot xi - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (-
  (*
   (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (* maxCos ux) (* (* maxCos (- 1.0 ux)) ux)) (- 1.0 ux))))
   xi)
  (* (* (* (- ux 1.0) zi) ux) maxCos)))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return (sqrtf((1.0f - (((maxCos * ux) * ((maxCos * (1.0f - ux)) * ux)) * (1.0f - ux)))) * xi) - ((((ux - 1.0f) * zi) * ux) * maxCos);
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
    real(4), intent (in) :: xi
    real(4), intent (in) :: yi
    real(4), intent (in) :: zi
    real(4), intent (in) :: ux
    real(4), intent (in) :: uy
    real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
    code = (sqrt((1.0e0 - (((maxcos * ux) * ((maxcos * (1.0e0 - ux)) * ux)) * (1.0e0 - ux)))) * xi) - ((((ux - 1.0e0) * zi) * ux) * maxcos)
end function

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(Float32(sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(Float32(Float32(maxCos * ux) * Float32(Float32(maxCos * Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux)) * ux)) * Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux)))) * xi) - Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(ux - Float32(1.0)) * zi) * ux) * maxCos))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = (sqrt((single(1.0) - (((maxCos * ux) * ((maxCos * (single(1.0) - ux)) * ux)) * (single(1.0) - ux)))) * xi) - ((((ux - single(1.0)) * zi) * ux) * maxCos);
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.0%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

4. Applied rewrites 83.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(yi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - {\left(\left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{\left(yi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) - \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)}} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

5. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   3. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   4. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   6. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   7. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   8. mul-1-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]

   9. lower-neg.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \color{blue}{\left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   10. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-\color{blue}{xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   11. lower-sqrt.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   12. lower--.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   13. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}}\right) \]

   14. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}}\right) \]

7. Applied rewrites 51.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}\right)} \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

9. Applied rewrites 51.8%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(maxCos \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)\right)}\right) \]

10. Final simplification 51.8%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(maxCos \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)} \cdot xi - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 12: 51.3% accurate, 6.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{1 - \left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot xi - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (-
  (* (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* ux ux) (* maxCos maxCos)))) xi)
  (* (* (* (- ux 1.0) zi) ux) maxCos)))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return (sqrtf((1.0f - ((ux * ux) * (maxCos * maxCos)))) * xi) - ((((ux - 1.0f) * zi) * ux) * maxCos);
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
    real(4), intent (in) :: xi
    real(4), intent (in) :: yi
    real(4), intent (in) :: zi
    real(4), intent (in) :: ux
    real(4), intent (in) :: uy
    real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
    code = (sqrt((1.0e0 - ((ux * ux) * (maxcos * maxcos)))) * xi) - ((((ux - 1.0e0) * zi) * ux) * maxcos)
end function

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(Float32(sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(Float32(ux * ux) * Float32(maxCos * maxCos)))) * xi) - Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(ux - Float32(1.0)) * zi) * ux) * maxCos))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = (sqrt((single(1.0) - ((ux * ux) * (maxCos * maxCos)))) * xi) - ((((ux - single(1.0)) * zi) * ux) * maxCos);
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.0%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

4. Applied rewrites 83.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(yi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - {\left(\left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{\left(yi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) - \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)}} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

5. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   3. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   4. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   6. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   7. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   8. mul-1-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]

   9. lower-neg.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \color{blue}{\left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   10. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-\color{blue}{xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   11. lower-sqrt.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   12. lower--.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   13. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}}\right) \]

   14. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}}\right) \]

7. Applied rewrites 51.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}\right)} \]

8. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {ux}^{2} \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}\right) \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

10. Applied rewrites 51.6%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}\right) \]

11. Final simplification 51.6%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left(ux \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot xi - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 13: 49.2% accurate, 25.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(zi \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos + xi \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (+ (* (* zi ux) maxCos) xi))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return ((zi * ux) * maxCos) + xi;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
    real(4), intent (in) :: xi
    real(4), intent (in) :: yi
    real(4), intent (in) :: zi
    real(4), intent (in) :: ux
    real(4), intent (in) :: uy
    real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
    code = ((zi * ux) * maxcos) + xi
end function

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(zi * ux) * maxCos) + xi)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = ((zi * ux) * maxCos) + xi;
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.0%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

4. Applied rewrites 83.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(yi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - {\left(\left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{\left(yi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) - \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)}} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

5. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   3. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   4. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   6. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   7. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   8. mul-1-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]

   9. lower-neg.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \color{blue}{\left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   10. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-\color{blue}{xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   11. lower-sqrt.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   12. lower--.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   13. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}}\right) \]

   14. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}}\right) \]

7. Applied rewrites 51.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}\right)} \]

8. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)} \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

10. Applied rewrites 43.8%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot zi}, xi\right) \]
11. Step-by-step derivation

12. Applied rewrites 49.0%

    \[\leadsto \left(zi \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos + xi \]
13. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 14: 45.1% accurate, 29.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi \cdot ux, xi\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos) :precision binary32 (fma maxCos (* zi ux) xi))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return fmaf(maxCos, (zi * ux), xi);
}

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return fma(maxCos, Float32(zi * ux), xi)
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.0%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

4. Applied rewrites 83.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\left(yi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)}^{2} - {\left(\left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{\left(yi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) - \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {\left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)}} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

5. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   3. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   4. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   5. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   6. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   7. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - -1 \cdot \left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) \]

   8. mul-1-neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \]

   9. lower-neg.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \color{blue}{\left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]

   10. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-\color{blue}{xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   11. lower-sqrt.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   12. lower--.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) \]

   13. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}}\right) \]

   14. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}}\right) \]

7. Applied rewrites 51.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos - \left(-xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}\right)} \]

8. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)} \]
9. Step-by-step derivation

10. Applied rewrites 43.8%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot zi}, xi\right) \]

11. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

    \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)} \]
12. Step-by-step derivation

13. Applied rewrites 43.8%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, \color{blue}{ux \cdot zi}, xi\right) \]

14. Final simplification 43.8%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos, zi \cdot ux, xi\right) \]
15. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 15: 12.0% accurate, 32.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(zi \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos) :precision binary32 (* (* zi ux) maxCos))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return (zi * ux) * maxCos;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
    real(4), intent (in) :: xi
    real(4), intent (in) :: yi
    real(4), intent (in) :: zi
    real(4), intent (in) :: ux
    real(4), intent (in) :: uy
    real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
    code = (zi * ux) * maxcos
end function

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(Float32(zi * ux) * maxCos)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = (zi * ux) * maxCos;
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.0%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in zi around inf

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

   3. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]

   4. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]

   5. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

   6. lower--.f32 14.9

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

5. Applied rewrites 14.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

6. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(ux \cdot zi\right) \cdot maxCos \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

8. Applied rewrites 12.8%

   \[\leadsto \left(zi \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024244 
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
  :name "UniformSampleCone 2"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (and (and (and (and (<= -10000.0 xi) (<= xi 10000.0)) (and (<= -10000.0 yi) (<= yi 10000.0))) (and (<= -10000.0 zi) (<= zi 10000.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 ux) (<= ux 1.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 uy) (<= uy 1.0))) (and (<= 0.0 maxCos) (<= maxCos 1.0)))
  (+ (+ (* (* (cos (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))))) xi) (* (* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))))) yi)) (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) zi)))