quadm (p42, negative)

Percentage Accurate: 51.7% → 84.3%
Time: 9.7s
Alternatives: 10
Speedup: 2.5×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b - sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b - sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0d0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b - Math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c):
	return (-b - math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) - sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(4.0 * Float64(a * c))))) / Float64(2.0 * a))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-b - sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) - N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 10 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 51.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b - sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b - sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0d0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b - Math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c):
	return (-b - math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) - sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(4.0 * Float64(a * c))))) / Float64(2.0 * a))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-b - sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) - N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 84.3% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 5.4 \cdot 10^{+45}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c, \frac{b}{a} \cdot b\right) \cdot a} + b}{\left(-a\right) \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b -7e-130)
   (/ c (- b))
   (if (<= b 5.4e+45)
     (/ (+ (sqrt (* (fma -4.0 c (* (/ b a) b)) a)) b) (* (- a) 2.0))
     (/ (- b) a))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -7e-130) {
		tmp = c / -b;
	} else if (b <= 5.4e+45) {
		tmp = (sqrt((fma(-4.0, c, ((b / a) * b)) * a)) + b) / (-a * 2.0);
	} else {
		tmp = -b / a;
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= -7e-130)
		tmp = Float64(c / Float64(-b));
	elseif (b <= 5.4e+45)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(fma(-4.0, c, Float64(Float64(b / a) * b)) * a)) + b) / Float64(Float64(-a) * 2.0));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-b) / a);
	end
	return tmp
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -7e-130], N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 5.4e+45], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(-4.0 * c + N[(N[(b / a), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + b), $MachinePrecision] / N[((-a) * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[((-b) / a), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 5.4 \cdot 10^{+45}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c, \frac{b}{a} \cdot b\right) \cdot a} + b}{\left(-a\right) \cdot 2}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if b < -6.9999999999999998e-130

    1. Initial program 18.2%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)} \]
      2. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]
      3. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot b}} \]
      4. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-1 \cdot b}} \]
      5. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]
      6. lower-neg.f6483.3

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-b}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites83.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-b}} \]

    if -6.9999999999999998e-130 < b < 5.39999999999999968e45

    1. Initial program 78.1%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\color{blue}{a \cdot \left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{a} - 4 \cdot c\right)}}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{a} - 4 \cdot c\right) \cdot a}}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{a} - 4 \cdot c\right) \cdot a}}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      3. cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{a} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right)\right) \cdot c\right)} \cdot a}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{a} + \color{blue}{-4} \cdot c\right) \cdot a}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot c + \frac{{b}^{2}}{a}\right)} \cdot a}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      6. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c, \frac{{b}^{2}}{a}\right)} \cdot a}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c, \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{a}\right) \cdot a}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      8. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c, \color{blue}{b \cdot \frac{b}{a}}\right) \cdot a}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      9. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c, \color{blue}{b \cdot \frac{b}{a}}\right) \cdot a}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      10. lower-/.f6478.1

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c, b \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{a}}\right) \cdot a}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    5. Applied rewrites78.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c, b \cdot \frac{b}{a}\right) \cdot a}}}{2 \cdot a} \]

    if 5.39999999999999968e45 < b

    1. Initial program 60.6%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in c around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b}{a}} \]
      2. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b}{a}} \]
      3. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}}{a} \]
      4. lower-neg.f6496.5

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-b}}{a} \]
    5. Applied rewrites96.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-b}{a}} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification85.9%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 5.4 \cdot 10^{+45}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c, \frac{b}{a} \cdot b\right) \cdot a} + b}{\left(-a\right) \cdot 2}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 84.4% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 7.6 \cdot 10^{+45}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)} + b}{-2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b -7e-130)
   (/ c (- b))
   (if (<= b 7.6e+45)
     (/ (+ (sqrt (fma b b (* (* c a) -4.0))) b) (* -2.0 a))
     (/ (- b) a))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -7e-130) {
		tmp = c / -b;
	} else if (b <= 7.6e+45) {
		tmp = (sqrt(fma(b, b, ((c * a) * -4.0))) + b) / (-2.0 * a);
	} else {
		tmp = -b / a;
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= -7e-130)
		tmp = Float64(c / Float64(-b));
	elseif (b <= 7.6e+45)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(b, b, Float64(Float64(c * a) * -4.0))) + b) / Float64(-2.0 * a));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-b) / a);
	end
	return tmp
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -7e-130], N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 7.6e+45], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(b * b + N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(-2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[((-b) / a), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 7.6 \cdot 10^{+45}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)} + b}{-2 \cdot a}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if b < -6.9999999999999998e-130

    1. Initial program 18.2%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)} \]
      2. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]
      3. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot b}} \]
      4. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-1 \cdot b}} \]
      5. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]
      6. lower-neg.f6483.3

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-b}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites83.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-b}} \]

    if -6.9999999999999998e-130 < b < 7.6000000000000004e45

    1. Initial program 78.1%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      2. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      3. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + \left(-b\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      4. lift-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      5. unsub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      6. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      7. lower-neg.f6478.1

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      8. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      9. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      10. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\right) + b \cdot b}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      11. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + b \cdot b}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      12. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} + b \cdot b}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      13. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right), a \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      14. metadata-eval78.1

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-4}, a \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      15. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{a \cdot c}, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      16. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{c \cdot a}, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      17. lower-*.f6478.1

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{c \cdot a}, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
    4. Applied rewrites78.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    5. Applied rewrites78.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4\right)} + b}{-2 \cdot a}} \]

    if 7.6000000000000004e45 < b

    1. Initial program 60.6%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in c around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b}{a}} \]
      2. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b}{a}} \]
      3. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}}{a} \]
      4. lower-neg.f6496.5

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-b}}{a} \]
    5. Applied rewrites96.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-b}{a}} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification85.9%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 7.6 \cdot 10^{+45}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)} + b}{-2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 80.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 5.5 \cdot 10^{-80}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4} + b}{-2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b -7e-130)
   (/ c (- b))
   (if (<= b 5.5e-80)
     (/ (+ (sqrt (* (* c a) -4.0)) b) (* -2.0 a))
     (- (/ c b) (/ b a)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -7e-130) {
		tmp = c / -b;
	} else if (b <= 5.5e-80) {
		tmp = (sqrt(((c * a) * -4.0)) + b) / (-2.0 * a);
	} else {
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (b <= (-7d-130)) then
        tmp = c / -b
    else if (b <= 5.5d-80) then
        tmp = (sqrt(((c * a) * (-4.0d0))) + b) / ((-2.0d0) * a)
    else
        tmp = (c / b) - (b / a)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -7e-130) {
		tmp = c / -b;
	} else if (b <= 5.5e-80) {
		tmp = (Math.sqrt(((c * a) * -4.0)) + b) / (-2.0 * a);
	} else {
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c):
	tmp = 0
	if b <= -7e-130:
		tmp = c / -b
	elif b <= 5.5e-80:
		tmp = (math.sqrt(((c * a) * -4.0)) + b) / (-2.0 * a)
	else:
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a)
	return tmp
function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= -7e-130)
		tmp = Float64(c / Float64(-b));
	elseif (b <= 5.5e-80)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(c * a) * -4.0)) + b) / Float64(-2.0 * a));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(c / b) - Float64(b / a));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (b <= -7e-130)
		tmp = c / -b;
	elseif (b <= 5.5e-80)
		tmp = (sqrt(((c * a) * -4.0)) + b) / (-2.0 * a);
	else
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -7e-130], N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 5.5e-80], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(-2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(b / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 5.5 \cdot 10^{-80}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4} + b}{-2 \cdot a}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if b < -6.9999999999999998e-130

    1. Initial program 18.2%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)} \]
      2. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]
      3. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot b}} \]
      4. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-1 \cdot b}} \]
      5. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]
      6. lower-neg.f6483.3

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-b}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites83.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-b}} \]

    if -6.9999999999999998e-130 < b < 5.4999999999999997e-80

    1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      2. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      3. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + \left(-b\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      4. lift-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      5. unsub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      6. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      7. lower-neg.f6473.2

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      8. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      9. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      10. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\right) + b \cdot b}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      11. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + b \cdot b}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      12. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} + b \cdot b}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      13. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right), a \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)}}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      14. metadata-eval73.2

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-4}, a \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      15. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{a \cdot c}, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      16. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{c \cdot a}, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      17. lower-*.f6473.2

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{c \cdot a}, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
    4. Applied rewrites73.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)}\right) - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    5. Applied rewrites73.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, \left(a \cdot c\right) \cdot -4\right)} + b}{-2 \cdot a}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in c around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}} + b}{-2 \cdot a} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}} + b}{-2 \cdot a} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot a\right)}} + b}{-2 \cdot a} \]
      3. lower-*.f6467.2

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot a\right)}} + b}{-2 \cdot a} \]
    8. Applied rewrites67.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)}} + b}{-2 \cdot a} \]

    if 5.4999999999999997e-80 < b

    1. Initial program 66.6%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in c around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{b}{a} + \frac{c}{b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} + -1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}} \]
      2. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{b} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)\right)} \]
      3. unsub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}} \]
      4. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}} \]
      5. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b}} - \frac{b}{a} \]
      6. lower-/.f6496.1

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{b} - \color{blue}{\frac{b}{a}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites96.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification83.9%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 5.5 \cdot 10^{-80}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4} + b}{-2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 80.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 5.5 \cdot 10^{-80}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\sqrt{\left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4} + b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b -7e-130)
   (/ c (- b))
   (if (<= b 5.5e-80)
     (/ (* 2.0 c) (+ (sqrt (* (* c a) -4.0)) b))
     (- (/ c b) (/ b a)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -7e-130) {
		tmp = c / -b;
	} else if (b <= 5.5e-80) {
		tmp = (2.0 * c) / (sqrt(((c * a) * -4.0)) + b);
	} else {
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (b <= (-7d-130)) then
        tmp = c / -b
    else if (b <= 5.5d-80) then
        tmp = (2.0d0 * c) / (sqrt(((c * a) * (-4.0d0))) + b)
    else
        tmp = (c / b) - (b / a)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -7e-130) {
		tmp = c / -b;
	} else if (b <= 5.5e-80) {
		tmp = (2.0 * c) / (Math.sqrt(((c * a) * -4.0)) + b);
	} else {
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c):
	tmp = 0
	if b <= -7e-130:
		tmp = c / -b
	elif b <= 5.5e-80:
		tmp = (2.0 * c) / (math.sqrt(((c * a) * -4.0)) + b)
	else:
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a)
	return tmp
function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= -7e-130)
		tmp = Float64(c / Float64(-b));
	elseif (b <= 5.5e-80)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(2.0 * c) / Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(c * a) * -4.0)) + b));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(c / b) - Float64(b / a));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (b <= -7e-130)
		tmp = c / -b;
	elseif (b <= 5.5e-80)
		tmp = (2.0 * c) / (sqrt(((c * a) * -4.0)) + b);
	else
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -7e-130], N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 5.5e-80], N[(N[(2.0 * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(b / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 5.5 \cdot 10^{-80}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\sqrt{\left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4} + b}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if b < -6.9999999999999998e-130

    1. Initial program 18.2%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)} \]
      2. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]
      3. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot b}} \]
      4. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-1 \cdot b}} \]
      5. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]
      6. lower-neg.f6483.3

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-b}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites83.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-b}} \]

    if -6.9999999999999998e-130 < b < 5.4999999999999997e-80

    1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Applied rewrites65.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\frac{a}{b - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)}}}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in c around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{a}{b - \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{a}{b - \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}} \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{a}{b - \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}} \]
      3. lower-*.f6465.6

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{\frac{a}{b - \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot a\right)} \cdot c}}} \]
    6. Applied rewrites65.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{\frac{a}{b - \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{a}{b - \sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}} \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\color{blue}{\frac{a}{b - \sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}} \]
      3. associate-/r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)} \]
      4. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(b - \sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)} \]
      5. flip--N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b \cdot b - \sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} \cdot \sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{b + \sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}} \]
      6. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} \cdot \left(b \cdot b - \sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} \cdot \sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}{b + \sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}} \]
      7. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} \cdot \left(b \cdot b - \sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} \cdot \sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)}{b + \sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}} \]
    8. Applied rewrites64.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \left(b \cdot b - -4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)\right)}{\sqrt{-4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)} + b}} \]
    9. Taylor expanded in c around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot c}}{\sqrt{-4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)} + b} \]
    10. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f6465.7

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot c}}{\sqrt{-4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)} + b} \]
    11. Applied rewrites65.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot c}}{\sqrt{-4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)} + b} \]

    if 5.4999999999999997e-80 < b

    1. Initial program 66.6%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in c around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{b}{a} + \frac{c}{b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} + -1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}} \]
      2. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{b} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)\right)} \]
      3. unsub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}} \]
      4. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}} \]
      5. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b}} - \frac{b}{a} \]
      6. lower-/.f6496.1

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{b} - \color{blue}{\frac{b}{a}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites96.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification83.5%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 5.5 \cdot 10^{-80}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2 \cdot c}{\sqrt{\left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4} + b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 80.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 5.5 \cdot 10^{-80}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b - \sqrt{\left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}\right) \cdot \frac{0.5}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b -7e-130)
   (/ c (- b))
   (if (<= b 5.5e-80)
     (* (- b (sqrt (* (* c a) -4.0))) (/ 0.5 a))
     (- (/ c b) (/ b a)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -7e-130) {
		tmp = c / -b;
	} else if (b <= 5.5e-80) {
		tmp = (b - sqrt(((c * a) * -4.0))) * (0.5 / a);
	} else {
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (b <= (-7d-130)) then
        tmp = c / -b
    else if (b <= 5.5d-80) then
        tmp = (b - sqrt(((c * a) * (-4.0d0)))) * (0.5d0 / a)
    else
        tmp = (c / b) - (b / a)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -7e-130) {
		tmp = c / -b;
	} else if (b <= 5.5e-80) {
		tmp = (b - Math.sqrt(((c * a) * -4.0))) * (0.5 / a);
	} else {
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c):
	tmp = 0
	if b <= -7e-130:
		tmp = c / -b
	elif b <= 5.5e-80:
		tmp = (b - math.sqrt(((c * a) * -4.0))) * (0.5 / a)
	else:
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a)
	return tmp
function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= -7e-130)
		tmp = Float64(c / Float64(-b));
	elseif (b <= 5.5e-80)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(b - sqrt(Float64(Float64(c * a) * -4.0))) * Float64(0.5 / a));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(c / b) - Float64(b / a));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (b <= -7e-130)
		tmp = c / -b;
	elseif (b <= 5.5e-80)
		tmp = (b - sqrt(((c * a) * -4.0))) * (0.5 / a);
	else
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -7e-130], N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 5.5e-80], N[(N[(b - N[Sqrt[N[(N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(b / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 5.5 \cdot 10^{-80}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(b - \sqrt{\left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}\right) \cdot \frac{0.5}{a}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if b < -6.9999999999999998e-130

    1. Initial program 18.2%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)} \]
      2. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]
      3. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot b}} \]
      4. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-1 \cdot b}} \]
      5. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]
      6. lower-neg.f6483.3

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-b}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites83.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-b}} \]

    if -6.9999999999999998e-130 < b < 5.4999999999999997e-80

    1. Initial program 73.2%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Applied rewrites65.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\frac{a}{b - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)}}}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in c around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{a}{b - \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{a}{b - \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}} \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{a}{b - \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}} \]
      3. lower-*.f6465.6

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{\frac{a}{b - \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot a\right)} \cdot c}}} \]
    6. Applied rewrites65.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{\frac{a}{b - \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{a}{b - \sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}} \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\color{blue}{\frac{a}{b - \sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}} \]
      3. associate-/r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)} \]
      4. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right)} \]
      5. lower-/.f6465.5

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a}} \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}\right) \]
    8. Applied rewrites65.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \left(b - \sqrt{-4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right)}\right)} \]

    if 5.4999999999999997e-80 < b

    1. Initial program 66.6%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in c around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{b}{a} + \frac{c}{b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} + -1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}} \]
      2. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{b} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)\right)} \]
      3. unsub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}} \]
      4. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}} \]
      5. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b}} - \frac{b}{a} \]
      6. lower-/.f6496.1

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{b} - \color{blue}{\frac{b}{a}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites96.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification83.5%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -7 \cdot 10^{-130}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 5.5 \cdot 10^{-80}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b - \sqrt{\left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}\right) \cdot \frac{0.5}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 67.5% accurate, 1.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b -1e-310) (/ c (- b)) (- (/ c b) (/ b a))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -1e-310) {
		tmp = c / -b;
	} else {
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (b <= (-1d-310)) then
        tmp = c / -b
    else
        tmp = (c / b) - (b / a)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -1e-310) {
		tmp = c / -b;
	} else {
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c):
	tmp = 0
	if b <= -1e-310:
		tmp = c / -b
	else:
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a)
	return tmp
function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= -1e-310)
		tmp = Float64(c / Float64(-b));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(c / b) - Float64(b / a));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (b <= -1e-310)
		tmp = c / -b;
	else
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -1e-310], N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(b / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < -9.999999999999969e-311

    1. Initial program 29.1%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)} \]
      2. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]
      3. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot b}} \]
      4. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-1 \cdot b}} \]
      5. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]
      6. lower-neg.f6465.8

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-b}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites65.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-b}} \]

    if -9.999999999999969e-311 < b

    1. Initial program 70.2%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in c around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{b}{a} + \frac{c}{b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} + -1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}} \]
      2. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{b} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)\right)} \]
      3. unsub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}} \]
      4. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}} \]
      5. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b}} - \frac{b}{a} \]
      6. lower-/.f6474.1

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{b} - \color{blue}{\frac{b}{a}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites74.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 67.3% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b -1e-310) (/ c (- b)) (/ (- b) a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -1e-310) {
		tmp = c / -b;
	} else {
		tmp = -b / a;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (b <= (-1d-310)) then
        tmp = c / -b
    else
        tmp = -b / a
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -1e-310) {
		tmp = c / -b;
	} else {
		tmp = -b / a;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c):
	tmp = 0
	if b <= -1e-310:
		tmp = c / -b
	else:
		tmp = -b / a
	return tmp
function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= -1e-310)
		tmp = Float64(c / Float64(-b));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-b) / a);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (b <= -1e-310)
		tmp = c / -b;
	else
		tmp = -b / a;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -1e-310], N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision], N[((-b) / a), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < -9.999999999999969e-311

    1. Initial program 29.1%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)} \]
      2. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]
      3. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot b}} \]
      4. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-1 \cdot b}} \]
      5. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]
      6. lower-neg.f6465.8

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-b}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites65.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-b}} \]

    if -9.999999999999969e-311 < b

    1. Initial program 70.2%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in c around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b}{a}} \]
      2. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b}{a}} \]
      3. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}}{a} \]
      4. lower-neg.f6473.9

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-b}}{a} \]
    5. Applied rewrites73.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-b}{a}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 35.4% accurate, 3.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{c}{-b} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c (- b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return c / -b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = c / -b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return c / -b;
}
def code(a, b, c):
	return c / -b
function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(c / Float64(-b))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = c / -b;
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{c}{-b}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 50.9%

    \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{b}\right)} \]
    2. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]
    3. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot b}} \]
    4. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-1 \cdot b}} \]
    5. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}} \]
    6. lower-neg.f6432.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{-b}} \]
  5. Applied rewrites32.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{-b}} \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 11.0% accurate, 4.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{c}{b} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return c / b;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = c / b
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return c / b;
}
def code(a, b, c):
	return c / b
function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(c / b)
end
function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = c / b;
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{c}{b}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 50.9%

    \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b + \frac{a \cdot c}{b}}{a}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} + -1 \cdot b}}{a} \]
    2. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)\right)}}{a} \]
    3. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} - b}}{a} \]
    4. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} - b}{a}} \]
    5. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)\right)}}{a} \]
    6. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{a \cdot c}{b} + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot b}}{a} \]
    7. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{c \cdot a}}{b} + -1 \cdot b}{a} \]
    8. associate-*l/N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} \cdot a} + -1 \cdot b}{a} \]
    9. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, -1 \cdot b\right)}}{a} \]
    10. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{c}{b}}, a, -1 \cdot b\right)}{a} \]
    11. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}\right)}{a} \]
    12. lower-neg.f6440.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, \color{blue}{-b}\right)}{a} \]
  5. Applied rewrites40.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{b}, a, -b\right)}{a}} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in c around inf

    \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{b}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites11.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{c}{\color{blue}{b}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 10: 2.5% accurate, 4.2× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{b}{a} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ b a))
    double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	return b / a;
    }
    
    real(8) function code(a, b, c)
        real(8), intent (in) :: a
        real(8), intent (in) :: b
        real(8), intent (in) :: c
        code = b / a
    end function
    
    public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	return b / a;
    }
    
    def code(a, b, c):
    	return b / a
    
    function code(a, b, c)
    	return Float64(b / a)
    end
    
    function tmp = code(a, b, c)
    	tmp = b / a;
    end
    
    code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(b / a), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{b}{a}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 50.9%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Applied rewrites29.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\frac{a}{b - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)}}}} \]
    4. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{b}{a}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-/.f642.4

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{b}{a}} \]
    6. Applied rewrites2.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{b}{a}} \]
    7. Add Preprocessing

    Developer Target 1: 99.7% accurate, 0.2× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left|\frac{b}{2}\right|\\ t_1 := \sqrt{\left|a\right|} \cdot \sqrt{\left|c\right|}\\ t_2 := \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(a, c\right) = a:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{t\_0 - t\_1} \cdot \sqrt{t\_0 + t\_1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{hypot}\left(\frac{b}{2}, t\_1\right)\\ \end{array}\\ \mathbf{if}\;b < 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{t\_2 - \frac{b}{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{b}{2} + t\_2}{-a}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a b c)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_0 (fabs (/ b 2.0)))
            (t_1 (* (sqrt (fabs a)) (sqrt (fabs c))))
            (t_2
             (if (== (copysign a c) a)
               (* (sqrt (- t_0 t_1)) (sqrt (+ t_0 t_1)))
               (hypot (/ b 2.0) t_1))))
       (if (< b 0.0) (/ c (- t_2 (/ b 2.0))) (/ (+ (/ b 2.0) t_2) (- a)))))
    double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	double t_0 = fabs((b / 2.0));
    	double t_1 = sqrt(fabs(a)) * sqrt(fabs(c));
    	double tmp;
    	if (copysign(a, c) == a) {
    		tmp = sqrt((t_0 - t_1)) * sqrt((t_0 + t_1));
    	} else {
    		tmp = hypot((b / 2.0), t_1);
    	}
    	double t_2 = tmp;
    	double tmp_1;
    	if (b < 0.0) {
    		tmp_1 = c / (t_2 - (b / 2.0));
    	} else {
    		tmp_1 = ((b / 2.0) + t_2) / -a;
    	}
    	return tmp_1;
    }
    
    public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	double t_0 = Math.abs((b / 2.0));
    	double t_1 = Math.sqrt(Math.abs(a)) * Math.sqrt(Math.abs(c));
    	double tmp;
    	if (Math.copySign(a, c) == a) {
    		tmp = Math.sqrt((t_0 - t_1)) * Math.sqrt((t_0 + t_1));
    	} else {
    		tmp = Math.hypot((b / 2.0), t_1);
    	}
    	double t_2 = tmp;
    	double tmp_1;
    	if (b < 0.0) {
    		tmp_1 = c / (t_2 - (b / 2.0));
    	} else {
    		tmp_1 = ((b / 2.0) + t_2) / -a;
    	}
    	return tmp_1;
    }
    
    def code(a, b, c):
    	t_0 = math.fabs((b / 2.0))
    	t_1 = math.sqrt(math.fabs(a)) * math.sqrt(math.fabs(c))
    	tmp = 0
    	if math.copysign(a, c) == a:
    		tmp = math.sqrt((t_0 - t_1)) * math.sqrt((t_0 + t_1))
    	else:
    		tmp = math.hypot((b / 2.0), t_1)
    	t_2 = tmp
    	tmp_1 = 0
    	if b < 0.0:
    		tmp_1 = c / (t_2 - (b / 2.0))
    	else:
    		tmp_1 = ((b / 2.0) + t_2) / -a
    	return tmp_1
    
    function code(a, b, c)
    	t_0 = abs(Float64(b / 2.0))
    	t_1 = Float64(sqrt(abs(a)) * sqrt(abs(c)))
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (copysign(a, c) == a)
    		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(t_0 - t_1)) * sqrt(Float64(t_0 + t_1)));
    	else
    		tmp = hypot(Float64(b / 2.0), t_1);
    	end
    	t_2 = tmp
    	tmp_1 = 0.0
    	if (b < 0.0)
    		tmp_1 = Float64(c / Float64(t_2 - Float64(b / 2.0)));
    	else
    		tmp_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(b / 2.0) + t_2) / Float64(-a));
    	end
    	return tmp_1
    end
    
    function tmp_3 = code(a, b, c)
    	t_0 = abs((b / 2.0));
    	t_1 = sqrt(abs(a)) * sqrt(abs(c));
    	tmp = 0.0;
    	if ((sign(c) * abs(a)) == a)
    		tmp = sqrt((t_0 - t_1)) * sqrt((t_0 + t_1));
    	else
    		tmp = hypot((b / 2.0), t_1);
    	end
    	t_2 = tmp;
    	tmp_2 = 0.0;
    	if (b < 0.0)
    		tmp_2 = c / (t_2 - (b / 2.0));
    	else
    		tmp_2 = ((b / 2.0) + t_2) / -a;
    	end
    	tmp_3 = tmp_2;
    end
    
    code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Abs[N[(b / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Sqrt[N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[Abs[c], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = If[Equal[N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[a], TMP2 = Sign[c]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision], a], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(t$95$0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(t$95$0 + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Sqrt[N[(b / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + t$95$1 ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]]}, If[Less[b, 0.0], N[(c / N[(t$95$2 - N[(b / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(b / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / (-a)), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := \left|\frac{b}{2}\right|\\
    t_1 := \sqrt{\left|a\right|} \cdot \sqrt{\left|c\right|}\\
    t_2 := \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(a, c\right) = a:\\
    \;\;\;\;\sqrt{t\_0 - t\_1} \cdot \sqrt{t\_0 + t\_1}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\mathsf{hypot}\left(\frac{b}{2}, t\_1\right)\\
    
    
    \end{array}\\
    \mathbf{if}\;b < 0:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{t\_2 - \frac{b}{2}}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{b}{2} + t\_2}{-a}\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    

    Reproduce

    ?
    herbie shell --seed 2024242 
    (FPCore (a b c)
      :name "quadm (p42, negative)"
      :precision binary64
      :herbie-expected 10
    
      :alt
      (! :herbie-platform default (let ((sqtD (let ((x (* (sqrt (fabs a)) (sqrt (fabs c))))) (if (== (copysign a c) a) (* (sqrt (- (fabs (/ b 2)) x)) (sqrt (+ (fabs (/ b 2)) x))) (hypot (/ b 2) x))))) (if (< b 0) (/ c (- sqtD (/ b 2))) (/ (+ (/ b 2) sqtD) (- a)))))
    
      (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))