Quotient of sum of exps

Percentage Accurate: 98.8% → 98.4%
Time: 6.4s
Alternatives: 12
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (/ (exp a) (+ (exp a) (exp b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return exp(a) / (exp(a) + exp(b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    code = exp(a) / (exp(a) + exp(b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return Math.exp(a) / (Math.exp(a) + Math.exp(b));
}
def code(a, b):
	return math.exp(a) / (math.exp(a) + math.exp(b))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(exp(a) / Float64(exp(a) + exp(b)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = exp(a) / (exp(a) + exp(b));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[Exp[a], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Exp[a], $MachinePrecision] + N[Exp[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 12 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 98.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (/ (exp a) (+ (exp a) (exp b))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	return exp(a) / (exp(a) + exp(b));
}
real(8) function code(a, b)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    code = exp(a) / (exp(a) + exp(b))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	return Math.exp(a) / (Math.exp(a) + Math.exp(b));
}
def code(a, b):
	return math.exp(a) / (math.exp(a) + math.exp(b))
function code(a, b)
	return Float64(exp(a) / Float64(exp(a) + exp(b)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b)
	tmp = exp(a) / (exp(a) + exp(b));
end
code[a_, b_] := N[(N[Exp[a], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Exp[a], $MachinePrecision] + N[Exp[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 98.4% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;e^{a} \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{e^{a}}{1 + 1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{e^{b} + 1}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (exp a) 0.0) (/ (exp a) (+ 1.0 1.0)) (/ 1.0 (+ (exp b) 1.0))))
double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (exp(a) <= 0.0) {
		tmp = exp(a) / (1.0 + 1.0);
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0 / (exp(b) + 1.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (exp(a) <= 0.0d0) then
        tmp = exp(a) / (1.0d0 + 1.0d0)
    else
        tmp = 1.0d0 / (exp(b) + 1.0d0)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b) {
	double tmp;
	if (Math.exp(a) <= 0.0) {
		tmp = Math.exp(a) / (1.0 + 1.0);
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0 / (Math.exp(b) + 1.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b):
	tmp = 0
	if math.exp(a) <= 0.0:
		tmp = math.exp(a) / (1.0 + 1.0)
	else:
		tmp = 1.0 / (math.exp(b) + 1.0)
	return tmp
function code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (exp(a) <= 0.0)
		tmp = Float64(exp(a) / Float64(1.0 + 1.0));
	else
		tmp = Float64(1.0 / Float64(exp(b) + 1.0));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (exp(a) <= 0.0)
		tmp = exp(a) / (1.0 + 1.0);
	else
		tmp = 1.0 / (exp(b) + 1.0);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[N[Exp[a], $MachinePrecision], 0.0], N[(N[Exp[a], $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / N[(N[Exp[b], $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;e^{a} \leq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{e^{a}}{1 + 1}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{1}{e^{b} + 1}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (exp.f64 a) < 0.0

    1. Initial program 96.4%

      \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + \color{blue}{1}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites100.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + \color{blue}{1}} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{e^{a}}{\color{blue}{1} + 1} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites100.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{e^{a}}{\color{blue}{1} + 1} \]

        if 0.0 < (exp.f64 a)

        1. Initial program 99.0%

          \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
          2. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
          3. lower-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
          4. lower-exp.f6499.0

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b}} + 1} \]
        5. Applied rewrites99.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
      4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      5. Final simplification99.2%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;e^{a} \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{e^{a}}{1 + 1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{e^{b} + 1}\\ \end{array} \]
      6. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 2: 98.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right) \cdot e^{-a}} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (* (+ (exp a) (exp b)) (exp (- a)))))
      double code(double a, double b) {
      	return 1.0 / ((exp(a) + exp(b)) * exp(-a));
      }
      
      real(8) function code(a, b)
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: b
          code = 1.0d0 / ((exp(a) + exp(b)) * exp(-a))
      end function
      
      public static double code(double a, double b) {
      	return 1.0 / ((Math.exp(a) + Math.exp(b)) * Math.exp(-a));
      }
      
      def code(a, b):
      	return 1.0 / ((math.exp(a) + math.exp(b)) * math.exp(-a))
      
      function code(a, b)
      	return Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(exp(a) + exp(b)) * exp(Float64(-a))))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(a, b)
      	tmp = 1.0 / ((exp(a) + exp(b)) * exp(-a));
      end
      
      code[a_, b_] := N[(1.0 / N[(N[(N[Exp[a], $MachinePrecision] + N[Exp[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[(-a)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \frac{1}{\left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right) \cdot e^{-a}}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 98.4%

        \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}}} \]
        2. clear-numN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{e^{a} + e^{b}}{e^{a}}}} \]
        3. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{e^{a} + e^{b}}{e^{a}}}} \]
        4. clear-numN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}}}}} \]
        5. associate-/r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{a}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)}} \]
        6. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{a}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)}} \]
        7. lift-exp.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{a}}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
        8. rec-expN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
        9. lower-exp.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
        10. lower-neg.f6498.4

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-a}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
        11. lift-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)}} \]
        12. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{b} + e^{a}\right)}} \]
        13. lower-+.f6498.4

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{-a} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{b} + e^{a}\right)}} \]
      4. Applied rewrites98.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{-a} \cdot \left(e^{b} + e^{a}\right)}} \]
      5. Final simplification98.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right) \cdot e^{-a}} \]
      6. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 3: 98.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (/ (exp a) (+ (exp a) (exp b))))
      double code(double a, double b) {
      	return exp(a) / (exp(a) + exp(b));
      }
      
      real(8) function code(a, b)
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: b
          code = exp(a) / (exp(a) + exp(b))
      end function
      
      public static double code(double a, double b) {
      	return Math.exp(a) / (Math.exp(a) + Math.exp(b));
      }
      
      def code(a, b):
      	return math.exp(a) / (math.exp(a) + math.exp(b))
      
      function code(a, b)
      	return Float64(exp(a) / Float64(exp(a) + exp(b)))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(a, b)
      	tmp = exp(a) / (exp(a) + exp(b));
      end
      
      code[a_, b_] := N[(N[Exp[a], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Exp[a], $MachinePrecision] + N[Exp[b], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 98.4%

        \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 4: 94.0% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -3.1 \cdot 10^{+101}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, a, 0.5\right), a, -1\right), a, 2\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq -54000:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot 0.020833333333333332\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{e^{b} + 1}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b)
       :precision binary64
       (if (<= a -3.1e+101)
         (/ 1.0 (fma (fma (fma -0.16666666666666666 a 0.5) a -1.0) a 2.0))
         (if (<= a -54000.0)
           (* (* (* b b) b) 0.020833333333333332)
           (/ 1.0 (+ (exp b) 1.0)))))
      double code(double a, double b) {
      	double tmp;
      	if (a <= -3.1e+101) {
      		tmp = 1.0 / fma(fma(fma(-0.16666666666666666, a, 0.5), a, -1.0), a, 2.0);
      	} else if (a <= -54000.0) {
      		tmp = ((b * b) * b) * 0.020833333333333332;
      	} else {
      		tmp = 1.0 / (exp(b) + 1.0);
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      function code(a, b)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (a <= -3.1e+101)
      		tmp = Float64(1.0 / fma(fma(fma(-0.16666666666666666, a, 0.5), a, -1.0), a, 2.0));
      	elseif (a <= -54000.0)
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) * b) * 0.020833333333333332);
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(1.0 / Float64(exp(b) + 1.0));
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[a, -3.1e+101], N[(1.0 / N[(N[(N[(-0.16666666666666666 * a + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * a + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] * a + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[a, -54000.0], N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * 0.020833333333333332), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / N[(N[Exp[b], $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -3.1 \cdot 10^{+101}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, a, 0.5\right), a, -1\right), a, 2\right)}\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq -54000:\\
      \;\;\;\;\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot 0.020833333333333332\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{e^{b} + 1}\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 3 regimes
      2. if a < -3.09999999999999999e101

        1. Initial program 100.0%

          \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}}} \]
          2. clear-numN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{e^{a} + e^{b}}{e^{a}}}} \]
          3. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{e^{a} + e^{b}}{e^{a}}}} \]
          4. clear-numN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}}}}} \]
          5. associate-/r/N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{a}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)}} \]
          6. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{a}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)}} \]
          7. lift-exp.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{a}}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
          8. rec-expN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
          9. lower-exp.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
          10. lower-neg.f64100.0

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-a}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
          11. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)}} \]
          12. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{b} + e^{a}\right)}} \]
          13. lower-+.f64100.0

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{-a} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{b} + e^{a}\right)}} \]
        4. Applied rewrites100.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{-a} \cdot \left(e^{b} + e^{a}\right)}} \]
        5. Taylor expanded in b around 0

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot \left(1 + e^{a}\right)}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. distribute-lft-inN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot 1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot e^{a}}} \]
          2. *-rgt-identityN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot e^{a}} \]
          3. exp-negN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{a}}} \cdot e^{a}} \]
          4. lft-mult-inverseN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} + \color{blue}{1}} \]
          5. lower-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} + 1}} \]
          6. neg-mul-1N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot a}} + 1} \]
          7. lower-exp.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot a}} + 1} \]
          8. neg-mul-1N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} + 1} \]
          9. lower-neg.f64100.0

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-a}} + 1} \]
        7. Applied rewrites100.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-a} + 1}} \]
        8. Taylor expanded in a around 0

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2 + \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot a\right) - 1\right)}} \]
        9. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites97.6%

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, a, 0.5\right), a, -1\right), \color{blue}{a}, 2\right)} \]

          if -3.09999999999999999e101 < a < -54000

          1. Initial program 89.5%

            \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
            2. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
            3. lower-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
            4. lower-exp.f6418.4

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b}} + 1} \]
          5. Applied rewrites18.4%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
          6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{b \cdot \left(\frac{1}{48} \cdot {b}^{2} - \frac{1}{4}\right)} \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites2.9%

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, 0.020833333333333332, -0.25\right), \color{blue}{b}, 0.5\right) \]
            2. Taylor expanded in b around inf

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{48} \cdot {b}^{\color{blue}{3}} \]
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites64.1%

                \[\leadsto \left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot 0.020833333333333332 \]

              if -54000 < a

              1. Initial program 99.0%

                \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
                2. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                3. lower-+.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                4. lower-exp.f6499.0

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b}} + 1} \]
              5. Applied rewrites99.0%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
            4. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
            5. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 5: 51.1% accurate, 2.6× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;e^{a} \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot 0.020833333333333332\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, a, 0.5\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (a b)
             :precision binary64
             (if (<= (exp a) 0.0) (* (* (* b b) b) 0.020833333333333332) (fma 0.25 a 0.5)))
            double code(double a, double b) {
            	double tmp;
            	if (exp(a) <= 0.0) {
            		tmp = ((b * b) * b) * 0.020833333333333332;
            	} else {
            		tmp = fma(0.25, a, 0.5);
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            function code(a, b)
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if (exp(a) <= 0.0)
            		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) * b) * 0.020833333333333332);
            	else
            		tmp = fma(0.25, a, 0.5);
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[N[Exp[a], $MachinePrecision], 0.0], N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * 0.020833333333333332), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.25 * a + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            \mathbf{if}\;e^{a} \leq 0:\\
            \;\;\;\;\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot 0.020833333333333332\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, a, 0.5\right)\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 2 regimes
            2. if (exp.f64 a) < 0.0

              1. Initial program 96.4%

                \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
                2. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                3. lower-+.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                4. lower-exp.f6429.1

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b}} + 1} \]
              5. Applied rewrites29.1%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{b \cdot \left(\frac{1}{48} \cdot {b}^{2} - \frac{1}{4}\right)} \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites2.8%

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, 0.020833333333333332, -0.25\right), \color{blue}{b}, 0.5\right) \]
                2. Taylor expanded in b around inf

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{48} \cdot {b}^{\color{blue}{3}} \]
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites55.6%

                    \[\leadsto \left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot 0.020833333333333332 \]

                  if 0.0 < (exp.f64 a)

                  1. Initial program 99.0%

                    \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{b \cdot e^{a}}{{\left(1 + e^{a}\right)}^{2}} + \frac{e^{a}}{1 + e^{a}}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. associate-*r/N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(b \cdot e^{a}\right)}{{\left(1 + e^{a}\right)}^{2}}} + \frac{e^{a}}{1 + e^{a}} \]
                    2. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{-1 \cdot \left(b \cdot e^{a}\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + e^{a}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{a}\right)}} + \frac{e^{a}}{1 + e^{a}} \]
                    3. associate-*r*N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot b\right) \cdot e^{a}}}{\left(1 + e^{a}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{a}\right)} + \frac{e^{a}}{1 + e^{a}} \]
                    4. times-fracN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b}{1 + e^{a}} \cdot \frac{e^{a}}{1 + e^{a}}} + \frac{e^{a}}{1 + e^{a}} \]
                    5. distribute-lft1-inN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1 \cdot b}{1 + e^{a}} + 1\right) \cdot \frac{e^{a}}{1 + e^{a}}} \]
                    6. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1 \cdot b}{1 + e^{a}} + 1\right) \cdot \frac{e^{a}}{1 + e^{a}}} \]
                  5. Applied rewrites52.4%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{-1 - e^{a}} + 1\right) \cdot \frac{e^{a}}{1 + e^{a}}} \]
                  6. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot b\right) + \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot b + \frac{1}{4} \cdot b\right)\right) - \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot b\right)\right)} \]
                  7. Applied rewrites52.5%

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \color{blue}{a}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, b, 0.5\right)\right) \]
                  8. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, a, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
                  9. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites55.6%

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, a, 0.5\right) \]
                  10. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                  11. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 6: 64.9% accurate, 8.7× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -1.9 \cdot 10^{+154}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, a, -1\right), a, 2\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq -640:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot 0.020833333333333332\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, b, 1\right), b, 2\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                  (FPCore (a b)
                   :precision binary64
                   (if (<= a -1.9e+154)
                     (/ 1.0 (fma (fma 0.5 a -1.0) a 2.0))
                     (if (<= a -640.0)
                       (* (* (* b b) b) 0.020833333333333332)
                       (/ 1.0 (fma (fma 0.5 b 1.0) b 2.0)))))
                  double code(double a, double b) {
                  	double tmp;
                  	if (a <= -1.9e+154) {
                  		tmp = 1.0 / fma(fma(0.5, a, -1.0), a, 2.0);
                  	} else if (a <= -640.0) {
                  		tmp = ((b * b) * b) * 0.020833333333333332;
                  	} else {
                  		tmp = 1.0 / fma(fma(0.5, b, 1.0), b, 2.0);
                  	}
                  	return tmp;
                  }
                  
                  function code(a, b)
                  	tmp = 0.0
                  	if (a <= -1.9e+154)
                  		tmp = Float64(1.0 / fma(fma(0.5, a, -1.0), a, 2.0));
                  	elseif (a <= -640.0)
                  		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) * b) * 0.020833333333333332);
                  	else
                  		tmp = Float64(1.0 / fma(fma(0.5, b, 1.0), b, 2.0));
                  	end
                  	return tmp
                  end
                  
                  code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[a, -1.9e+154], N[(1.0 / N[(N[(0.5 * a + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] * a + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[a, -640.0], N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * 0.020833333333333332), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / N[(N[(0.5 * b + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * b + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  
                  \\
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -1.9 \cdot 10^{+154}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, a, -1\right), a, 2\right)}\\
                  
                  \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq -640:\\
                  \;\;\;\;\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot 0.020833333333333332\\
                  
                  \mathbf{else}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, b, 1\right), b, 2\right)}\\
                  
                  
                  \end{array}
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Split input into 3 regimes
                  2. if a < -1.8999999999999999e154

                    1. Initial program 100.0%

                      \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. lift-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}}} \]
                      2. clear-numN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{e^{a} + e^{b}}{e^{a}}}} \]
                      3. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{e^{a} + e^{b}}{e^{a}}}} \]
                      4. clear-numN/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}}}}} \]
                      5. associate-/r/N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{a}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)}} \]
                      6. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{a}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)}} \]
                      7. lift-exp.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{a}}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
                      8. rec-expN/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
                      9. lower-exp.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
                      10. lower-neg.f64100.0

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-a}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
                      11. lift-+.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)}} \]
                      12. +-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{b} + e^{a}\right)}} \]
                      13. lower-+.f64100.0

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{-a} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{b} + e^{a}\right)}} \]
                    4. Applied rewrites100.0%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{-a} \cdot \left(e^{b} + e^{a}\right)}} \]
                    5. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot \left(1 + e^{a}\right)}} \]
                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. distribute-lft-inN/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot 1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot e^{a}}} \]
                      2. *-rgt-identityN/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot e^{a}} \]
                      3. exp-negN/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{a}}} \cdot e^{a}} \]
                      4. lft-mult-inverseN/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} + \color{blue}{1}} \]
                      5. lower-+.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} + 1}} \]
                      6. neg-mul-1N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot a}} + 1} \]
                      7. lower-exp.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot a}} + 1} \]
                      8. neg-mul-1N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} + 1} \]
                      9. lower-neg.f64100.0

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-a}} + 1} \]
                    7. Applied rewrites100.0%

                      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-a} + 1}} \]
                    8. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2 + \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot a - 1\right)}} \]
                    9. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites100.0%

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, a, -1\right), \color{blue}{a}, 2\right)} \]

                      if -1.8999999999999999e154 < a < -640

                      1. Initial program 92.9%

                        \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. lower-/.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
                        2. +-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                        3. lower-+.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                        4. lower-exp.f6427.3

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b}} + 1} \]
                      5. Applied rewrites27.3%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                      6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{b \cdot \left(\frac{1}{48} \cdot {b}^{2} - \frac{1}{4}\right)} \]
                      7. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites2.8%

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, 0.020833333333333332, -0.25\right), \color{blue}{b}, 0.5\right) \]
                        2. Taylor expanded in b around inf

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{48} \cdot {b}^{\color{blue}{3}} \]
                        3. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites56.2%

                            \[\leadsto \left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot 0.020833333333333332 \]

                          if -640 < a

                          1. Initial program 99.0%

                            \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
                            2. +-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                            3. lower-+.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                            4. lower-exp.f6499.0

                              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b}} + 1} \]
                          5. Applied rewrites99.0%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                          6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2 + \color{blue}{b \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot b\right)}} \]
                          7. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites62.8%

                              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, b, 1\right), \color{blue}{b}, 2\right)} \]
                          8. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                          9. Add Preprocessing

                          Alternative 7: 70.0% accurate, 8.7× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 8 \cdot 10^{+63}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, a, 0.5\right), a, -1\right), a, 2\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, b, 0.5\right), b, 1\right), b, 2\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                          (FPCore (a b)
                           :precision binary64
                           (if (<= b 8e+63)
                             (/ 1.0 (fma (fma (fma -0.16666666666666666 a 0.5) a -1.0) a 2.0))
                             (/ 1.0 (fma (fma (fma 0.16666666666666666 b 0.5) b 1.0) b 2.0))))
                          double code(double a, double b) {
                          	double tmp;
                          	if (b <= 8e+63) {
                          		tmp = 1.0 / fma(fma(fma(-0.16666666666666666, a, 0.5), a, -1.0), a, 2.0);
                          	} else {
                          		tmp = 1.0 / fma(fma(fma(0.16666666666666666, b, 0.5), b, 1.0), b, 2.0);
                          	}
                          	return tmp;
                          }
                          
                          function code(a, b)
                          	tmp = 0.0
                          	if (b <= 8e+63)
                          		tmp = Float64(1.0 / fma(fma(fma(-0.16666666666666666, a, 0.5), a, -1.0), a, 2.0));
                          	else
                          		tmp = Float64(1.0 / fma(fma(fma(0.16666666666666666, b, 0.5), b, 1.0), b, 2.0));
                          	end
                          	return tmp
                          end
                          
                          code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[b, 8e+63], N[(1.0 / N[(N[(N[(-0.16666666666666666 * a + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * a + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] * a + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / N[(N[(N[(0.16666666666666666 * b + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * b + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * b + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          
                          \\
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 8 \cdot 10^{+63}:\\
                          \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, a, 0.5\right), a, -1\right), a, 2\right)}\\
                          
                          \mathbf{else}:\\
                          \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, b, 0.5\right), b, 1\right), b, 2\right)}\\
                          
                          
                          \end{array}
                          \end{array}
                          
                          Derivation
                          1. Split input into 2 regimes
                          2. if b < 8.00000000000000046e63

                            1. Initial program 98.5%

                              \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. lift-/.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}}} \]
                              2. clear-numN/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{e^{a} + e^{b}}{e^{a}}}} \]
                              3. lower-/.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{e^{a} + e^{b}}{e^{a}}}} \]
                              4. clear-numN/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}}}}} \]
                              5. associate-/r/N/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{a}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)}} \]
                              6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{a}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)}} \]
                              7. lift-exp.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{a}}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
                              8. rec-expN/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
                              9. lower-exp.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
                              10. lower-neg.f6498.5

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-a}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
                              11. lift-+.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)}} \]
                              12. +-commutativeN/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{b} + e^{a}\right)}} \]
                              13. lower-+.f6498.5

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{-a} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{b} + e^{a}\right)}} \]
                            4. Applied rewrites98.5%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{-a} \cdot \left(e^{b} + e^{a}\right)}} \]
                            5. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot \left(1 + e^{a}\right)}} \]
                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. distribute-lft-inN/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot 1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot e^{a}}} \]
                              2. *-rgt-identityN/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot e^{a}} \]
                              3. exp-negN/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{a}}} \cdot e^{a}} \]
                              4. lft-mult-inverseN/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} + \color{blue}{1}} \]
                              5. lower-+.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} + 1}} \]
                              6. neg-mul-1N/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot a}} + 1} \]
                              7. lower-exp.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot a}} + 1} \]
                              8. neg-mul-1N/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} + 1} \]
                              9. lower-neg.f6474.6

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-a}} + 1} \]
                            7. Applied rewrites74.6%

                              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-a} + 1}} \]
                            8. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2 + \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot a\right) - 1\right)}} \]
                            9. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites66.4%

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, a, 0.5\right), a, -1\right), \color{blue}{a}, 2\right)} \]

                              if 8.00000000000000046e63 < b

                              1. Initial program 97.9%

                                \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
                              2. Add Preprocessing
                              3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. lower-/.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
                                2. +-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                                3. lower-+.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                                4. lower-exp.f64100.0

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b}} + 1} \]
                              5. Applied rewrites100.0%

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                              6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2 + \color{blue}{b \cdot \left(1 + b \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot b\right)\right)}} \]
                              7. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites86.2%

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, b, 0.5\right), b, 1\right), \color{blue}{b}, 2\right)} \]
                              8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                              9. Add Preprocessing

                              Alternative 8: 67.1% accurate, 8.7× speedup?

                              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{+63}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, a, -1\right), a, 2\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, b, 0.5\right), b, 1\right), b, 2\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                              (FPCore (a b)
                               :precision binary64
                               (if (<= b 1.5e+63)
                                 (/ 1.0 (fma (fma 0.5 a -1.0) a 2.0))
                                 (/ 1.0 (fma (fma (fma 0.16666666666666666 b 0.5) b 1.0) b 2.0))))
                              double code(double a, double b) {
                              	double tmp;
                              	if (b <= 1.5e+63) {
                              		tmp = 1.0 / fma(fma(0.5, a, -1.0), a, 2.0);
                              	} else {
                              		tmp = 1.0 / fma(fma(fma(0.16666666666666666, b, 0.5), b, 1.0), b, 2.0);
                              	}
                              	return tmp;
                              }
                              
                              function code(a, b)
                              	tmp = 0.0
                              	if (b <= 1.5e+63)
                              		tmp = Float64(1.0 / fma(fma(0.5, a, -1.0), a, 2.0));
                              	else
                              		tmp = Float64(1.0 / fma(fma(fma(0.16666666666666666, b, 0.5), b, 1.0), b, 2.0));
                              	end
                              	return tmp
                              end
                              
                              code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[b, 1.5e+63], N[(1.0 / N[(N[(0.5 * a + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] * a + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / N[(N[(N[(0.16666666666666666 * b + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * b + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * b + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                              
                              \begin{array}{l}
                              
                              \\
                              \begin{array}{l}
                              \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{+63}:\\
                              \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, a, -1\right), a, 2\right)}\\
                              
                              \mathbf{else}:\\
                              \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, b, 0.5\right), b, 1\right), b, 2\right)}\\
                              
                              
                              \end{array}
                              \end{array}
                              
                              Derivation
                              1. Split input into 2 regimes
                              2. if b < 1.5e63

                                1. Initial program 98.5%

                                  \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                3. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. lift-/.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}}} \]
                                  2. clear-numN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{e^{a} + e^{b}}{e^{a}}}} \]
                                  3. lower-/.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{e^{a} + e^{b}}{e^{a}}}} \]
                                  4. clear-numN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}}}}} \]
                                  5. associate-/r/N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{a}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)}} \]
                                  6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{a}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)}} \]
                                  7. lift-exp.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{a}}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
                                  8. rec-expN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
                                  9. lower-exp.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
                                  10. lower-neg.f6498.5

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-a}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
                                  11. lift-+.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)}} \]
                                  12. +-commutativeN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{b} + e^{a}\right)}} \]
                                  13. lower-+.f6498.5

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{-a} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{b} + e^{a}\right)}} \]
                                4. Applied rewrites98.5%

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{-a} \cdot \left(e^{b} + e^{a}\right)}} \]
                                5. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot \left(1 + e^{a}\right)}} \]
                                6. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. distribute-lft-inN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot 1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot e^{a}}} \]
                                  2. *-rgt-identityN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot e^{a}} \]
                                  3. exp-negN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{a}}} \cdot e^{a}} \]
                                  4. lft-mult-inverseN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} + \color{blue}{1}} \]
                                  5. lower-+.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} + 1}} \]
                                  6. neg-mul-1N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot a}} + 1} \]
                                  7. lower-exp.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot a}} + 1} \]
                                  8. neg-mul-1N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} + 1} \]
                                  9. lower-neg.f6474.6

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-a}} + 1} \]
                                7. Applied rewrites74.6%

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-a} + 1}} \]
                                8. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2 + \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot a - 1\right)}} \]
                                9. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites64.2%

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, a, -1\right), \color{blue}{a}, 2\right)} \]

                                  if 1.5e63 < b

                                  1. Initial program 97.9%

                                    \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                  3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. lower-/.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
                                    2. +-commutativeN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                                    3. lower-+.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                                    4. lower-exp.f64100.0

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b}} + 1} \]
                                  5. Applied rewrites100.0%

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                                  6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2 + \color{blue}{b \cdot \left(1 + b \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot b\right)\right)}} \]
                                  7. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites86.2%

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, b, 0.5\right), b, 1\right), \color{blue}{b}, 2\right)} \]
                                  8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                  9. Add Preprocessing

                                  Alternative 9: 57.6% accurate, 10.5× speedup?

                                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -640:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot 0.020833333333333332\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, b, 1\right), b, 2\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                  (FPCore (a b)
                                   :precision binary64
                                   (if (<= a -640.0)
                                     (* (* (* b b) b) 0.020833333333333332)
                                     (/ 1.0 (fma (fma 0.5 b 1.0) b 2.0))))
                                  double code(double a, double b) {
                                  	double tmp;
                                  	if (a <= -640.0) {
                                  		tmp = ((b * b) * b) * 0.020833333333333332;
                                  	} else {
                                  		tmp = 1.0 / fma(fma(0.5, b, 1.0), b, 2.0);
                                  	}
                                  	return tmp;
                                  }
                                  
                                  function code(a, b)
                                  	tmp = 0.0
                                  	if (a <= -640.0)
                                  		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) * b) * 0.020833333333333332);
                                  	else
                                  		tmp = Float64(1.0 / fma(fma(0.5, b, 1.0), b, 2.0));
                                  	end
                                  	return tmp
                                  end
                                  
                                  code[a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[a, -640.0], N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * 0.020833333333333332), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / N[(N[(0.5 * b + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * b + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                                  
                                  \begin{array}{l}
                                  
                                  \\
                                  \begin{array}{l}
                                  \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -640:\\
                                  \;\;\;\;\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot 0.020833333333333332\\
                                  
                                  \mathbf{else}:\\
                                  \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, b, 1\right), b, 2\right)}\\
                                  
                                  
                                  \end{array}
                                  \end{array}
                                  
                                  Derivation
                                  1. Split input into 2 regimes
                                  2. if a < -640

                                    1. Initial program 96.4%

                                      \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
                                    2. Add Preprocessing
                                    3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
                                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. lower-/.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
                                      2. +-commutativeN/A

                                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                                      3. lower-+.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                                      4. lower-exp.f6429.1

                                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b}} + 1} \]
                                    5. Applied rewrites29.1%

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                                    6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{b \cdot \left(\frac{1}{48} \cdot {b}^{2} - \frac{1}{4}\right)} \]
                                    7. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. Applied rewrites2.8%

                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(b \cdot b, 0.020833333333333332, -0.25\right), \color{blue}{b}, 0.5\right) \]
                                      2. Taylor expanded in b around inf

                                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{48} \cdot {b}^{\color{blue}{3}} \]
                                      3. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. Applied rewrites55.6%

                                          \[\leadsto \left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot 0.020833333333333332 \]

                                        if -640 < a

                                        1. Initial program 99.0%

                                          \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                        3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
                                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. lower-/.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
                                          2. +-commutativeN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                                          3. lower-+.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                                          4. lower-exp.f6499.0

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b}} + 1} \]
                                        5. Applied rewrites99.0%

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                                        6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2 + \color{blue}{b \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot b\right)}} \]
                                        7. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. Applied rewrites62.8%

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, b, 1\right), \color{blue}{b}, 2\right)} \]
                                        8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                        9. Add Preprocessing

                                        Alternative 10: 39.9% accurate, 21.0× speedup?

                                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{2 - a} \end{array} \]
                                        (FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (- 2.0 a)))
                                        double code(double a, double b) {
                                        	return 1.0 / (2.0 - a);
                                        }
                                        
                                        real(8) function code(a, b)
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                            code = 1.0d0 / (2.0d0 - a)
                                        end function
                                        
                                        public static double code(double a, double b) {
                                        	return 1.0 / (2.0 - a);
                                        }
                                        
                                        def code(a, b):
                                        	return 1.0 / (2.0 - a)
                                        
                                        function code(a, b)
                                        	return Float64(1.0 / Float64(2.0 - a))
                                        end
                                        
                                        function tmp = code(a, b)
                                        	tmp = 1.0 / (2.0 - a);
                                        end
                                        
                                        code[a_, b_] := N[(1.0 / N[(2.0 - a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                        
                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                        
                                        \\
                                        \frac{1}{2 - a}
                                        \end{array}
                                        
                                        Derivation
                                        1. Initial program 98.4%

                                          \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                        3. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. lift-/.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}}} \]
                                          2. clear-numN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{e^{a} + e^{b}}{e^{a}}}} \]
                                          3. lower-/.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{e^{a} + e^{b}}{e^{a}}}} \]
                                          4. clear-numN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}}}}} \]
                                          5. associate-/r/N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{a}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)}} \]
                                          6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{a}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)}} \]
                                          7. lift-exp.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{a}}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
                                          8. rec-expN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
                                          9. lower-exp.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
                                          10. lower-neg.f6498.4

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-a}} \cdot \left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)} \]
                                          11. lift-+.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{a} + e^{b}\right)}} \]
                                          12. +-commutativeN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{b} + e^{a}\right)}} \]
                                          13. lower-+.f6498.4

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{-a} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{b} + e^{a}\right)}} \]
                                        4. Applied rewrites98.4%

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{-a} \cdot \left(e^{b} + e^{a}\right)}} \]
                                        5. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot \left(1 + e^{a}\right)}} \]
                                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. distribute-lft-inN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot 1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot e^{a}}} \]
                                          2. *-rgt-identityN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} \cdot e^{a}} \]
                                          3. exp-negN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{a}}} \cdot e^{a}} \]
                                          4. lft-mult-inverseN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} + \color{blue}{1}} \]
                                          5. lower-+.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)} + 1}} \]
                                          6. neg-mul-1N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot a}} + 1} \]
                                          7. lower-exp.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot a}} + 1} \]
                                          8. neg-mul-1N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(a\right)}} + 1} \]
                                          9. lower-neg.f6465.7

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-a}} + 1} \]
                                        7. Applied rewrites65.7%

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-a} + 1}} \]
                                        8. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2 + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot a}} \]
                                        9. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. Applied rewrites44.4%

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2 - \color{blue}{a}} \]
                                          2. Add Preprocessing

                                          Alternative 11: 39.2% accurate, 45.0× speedup?

                                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, a, 0.5\right) \end{array} \]
                                          (FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (fma 0.25 a 0.5))
                                          double code(double a, double b) {
                                          	return fma(0.25, a, 0.5);
                                          }
                                          
                                          function code(a, b)
                                          	return fma(0.25, a, 0.5)
                                          end
                                          
                                          code[a_, b_] := N[(0.25 * a + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]
                                          
                                          \begin{array}{l}
                                          
                                          \\
                                          \mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, a, 0.5\right)
                                          \end{array}
                                          
                                          Derivation
                                          1. Initial program 98.4%

                                            \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
                                          2. Add Preprocessing
                                          3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{b \cdot e^{a}}{{\left(1 + e^{a}\right)}^{2}} + \frac{e^{a}}{1 + e^{a}}} \]
                                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. associate-*r/N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(b \cdot e^{a}\right)}{{\left(1 + e^{a}\right)}^{2}}} + \frac{e^{a}}{1 + e^{a}} \]
                                            2. unpow2N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \frac{-1 \cdot \left(b \cdot e^{a}\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + e^{a}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{a}\right)}} + \frac{e^{a}}{1 + e^{a}} \]
                                            3. associate-*r*N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot b\right) \cdot e^{a}}}{\left(1 + e^{a}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{a}\right)} + \frac{e^{a}}{1 + e^{a}} \]
                                            4. times-fracN/A

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b}{1 + e^{a}} \cdot \frac{e^{a}}{1 + e^{a}}} + \frac{e^{a}}{1 + e^{a}} \]
                                            5. distribute-lft1-inN/A

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1 \cdot b}{1 + e^{a}} + 1\right) \cdot \frac{e^{a}}{1 + e^{a}}} \]
                                            6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1 \cdot b}{1 + e^{a}} + 1\right) \cdot \frac{e^{a}}{1 + e^{a}}} \]
                                          5. Applied rewrites62.8%

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{-1 - e^{a}} + 1\right) \cdot \frac{e^{a}}{1 + e^{a}}} \]
                                          6. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot b\right) + \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(1 + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot b + \frac{1}{4} \cdot b\right)\right) - \frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot b\right)\right)} \]
                                          7. Applied rewrites41.5%

                                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \color{blue}{a}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, b, 0.5\right)\right) \]
                                          8. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{4}, a, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
                                          9. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. Applied rewrites43.9%

                                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, a, 0.5\right) \]
                                            2. Add Preprocessing

                                            Alternative 12: 39.0% accurate, 315.0× speedup?

                                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0.5 \end{array} \]
                                            (FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 0.5)
                                            double code(double a, double b) {
                                            	return 0.5;
                                            }
                                            
                                            real(8) function code(a, b)
                                                real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                code = 0.5d0
                                            end function
                                            
                                            public static double code(double a, double b) {
                                            	return 0.5;
                                            }
                                            
                                            def code(a, b):
                                            	return 0.5
                                            
                                            function code(a, b)
                                            	return 0.5
                                            end
                                            
                                            function tmp = code(a, b)
                                            	tmp = 0.5;
                                            end
                                            
                                            code[a_, b_] := 0.5
                                            
                                            \begin{array}{l}
                                            
                                            \\
                                            0.5
                                            \end{array}
                                            
                                            Derivation
                                            1. Initial program 98.4%

                                              \[\frac{e^{a}}{e^{a} + e^{b}} \]
                                            2. Add Preprocessing
                                            3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
                                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{b}}} \]
                                              2. +-commutativeN/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                                              3. lower-+.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                                              4. lower-exp.f6483.7

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{b}} + 1} \]
                                            5. Applied rewrites83.7%

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{b} + 1}} \]
                                            6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \]
                                            7. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. Applied rewrites43.7%

                                                \[\leadsto 0.5 \]
                                              2. Add Preprocessing

                                              Developer Target 1: 100.0% accurate, 2.7× speedup?

                                              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{1 + e^{b - a}} \end{array} \]
                                              (FPCore (a b) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- b a)))))
                                              double code(double a, double b) {
                                              	return 1.0 / (1.0 + exp((b - a)));
                                              }
                                              
                                              real(8) function code(a, b)
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                  code = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + exp((b - a)))
                                              end function
                                              
                                              public static double code(double a, double b) {
                                              	return 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp((b - a)));
                                              }
                                              
                                              def code(a, b):
                                              	return 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp((b - a)))
                                              
                                              function code(a, b)
                                              	return Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(b - a))))
                                              end
                                              
                                              function tmp = code(a, b)
                                              	tmp = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp((b - a)));
                                              end
                                              
                                              code[a_, b_] := N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[N[(b - a), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                              
                                              \begin{array}{l}
                                              
                                              \\
                                              \frac{1}{1 + e^{b - a}}
                                              \end{array}
                                              

                                              Reproduce

                                              ?
                                              herbie shell --seed 2024240 
                                              (FPCore (a b)
                                                :name "Quotient of sum of exps"
                                                :precision binary64
                                              
                                                :alt
                                                (! :herbie-platform default (/ 1 (+ 1 (exp (- b a)))))
                                              
                                                (/ (exp a) (+ (exp a) (exp b))))