
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_1 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- t))))) (t_2 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- s))))))
(/
(* (pow t_2 c_p) (pow (- 1.0 t_2) c_n))
(* (pow t_1 c_p) (pow (- 1.0 t_1) c_n)))))
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
double t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-t));
double t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-s));
return (pow(t_2, c_p) * pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (pow(t_1, c_p) * pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n));
}
real(8) function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
real(8), intent (in) :: c_p
real(8), intent (in) :: c_n
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: s
real(8) :: t_1
real(8) :: t_2
t_1 = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + exp(-t))
t_2 = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + exp(-s))
code = ((t_2 ** c_p) * ((1.0d0 - t_2) ** c_n)) / ((t_1 ** c_p) * ((1.0d0 - t_1) ** c_n))
end function
public static double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
double t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp(-t));
double t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp(-s));
return (Math.pow(t_2, c_p) * Math.pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (Math.pow(t_1, c_p) * Math.pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n));
}
def code(c_p, c_n, t, s): t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-t)) t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-s)) return (math.pow(t_2, c_p) * math.pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (math.pow(t_1, c_p) * math.pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n))
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s) t_1 = Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-t)))) t_2 = Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-s)))) return Float64(Float64((t_2 ^ c_p) * (Float64(1.0 - t_2) ^ c_n)) / Float64((t_1 ^ c_p) * (Float64(1.0 - t_1) ^ c_n))) end
function tmp = code(c_p, c_n, t, s) t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-t)); t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-s)); tmp = ((t_2 ^ c_p) * ((1.0 - t_2) ^ c_n)) / ((t_1 ^ c_p) * ((1.0 - t_1) ^ c_n)); end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-t)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-s)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[Power[t$95$2, c$95$p], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[t$95$1, c$95$p], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(1.0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\\
t_2 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\\
\frac{{t\_2}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_2\right)}^{c\_n}}{{t\_1}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_1\right)}^{c\_n}}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 5 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_1 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- t))))) (t_2 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- s))))))
(/
(* (pow t_2 c_p) (pow (- 1.0 t_2) c_n))
(* (pow t_1 c_p) (pow (- 1.0 t_1) c_n)))))
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
double t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-t));
double t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-s));
return (pow(t_2, c_p) * pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (pow(t_1, c_p) * pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n));
}
real(8) function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
real(8), intent (in) :: c_p
real(8), intent (in) :: c_n
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: s
real(8) :: t_1
real(8) :: t_2
t_1 = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + exp(-t))
t_2 = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + exp(-s))
code = ((t_2 ** c_p) * ((1.0d0 - t_2) ** c_n)) / ((t_1 ** c_p) * ((1.0d0 - t_1) ** c_n))
end function
public static double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
double t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp(-t));
double t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp(-s));
return (Math.pow(t_2, c_p) * Math.pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (Math.pow(t_1, c_p) * Math.pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n));
}
def code(c_p, c_n, t, s): t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-t)) t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-s)) return (math.pow(t_2, c_p) * math.pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (math.pow(t_1, c_p) * math.pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n))
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s) t_1 = Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-t)))) t_2 = Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-s)))) return Float64(Float64((t_2 ^ c_p) * (Float64(1.0 - t_2) ^ c_n)) / Float64((t_1 ^ c_p) * (Float64(1.0 - t_1) ^ c_n))) end
function tmp = code(c_p, c_n, t, s) t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-t)); t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-s)); tmp = ((t_2 ^ c_p) * ((1.0 - t_2) ^ c_n)) / ((t_1 ^ c_p) * ((1.0 - t_1) ^ c_n)); end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-t)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-s)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[Power[t$95$2, c$95$p], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[t$95$1, c$95$p], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(1.0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\\
t_2 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\\
\frac{{t\_2}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_2\right)}^{c\_n}}{{t\_1}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_1\right)}^{c\_n}}
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s) :precision binary64 (if (<= (- s) 1e-52) (exp (* (fma -0.5 s (* 0.5 t)) c_n)) (exp (* (* s c_p) 0.5))))
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
double tmp;
if (-s <= 1e-52) {
tmp = exp((fma(-0.5, s, (0.5 * t)) * c_n));
} else {
tmp = exp(((s * c_p) * 0.5));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(-s) <= 1e-52) tmp = exp(Float64(fma(-0.5, s, Float64(0.5 * t)) * c_n)); else tmp = exp(Float64(Float64(s * c_p) * 0.5)); end return tmp end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := If[LessEqual[(-s), 1e-52], N[Exp[N[(N[(-0.5 * s + N[(0.5 * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * c$95$n), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[Exp[N[(N[(s * c$95$p), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;-s \leq 10^{-52}:\\
\;\;\;\;e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, s, 0.5 \cdot t\right) \cdot c\_n}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;e^{\left(s \cdot c\_p\right) \cdot 0.5}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (neg.f64 s) < 1e-52Initial program 92.5%
Applied rewrites96.3%
Taylor expanded in s around 0
*-commutativeN/A
lower-fma.f64N/A
Applied rewrites96.5%
Taylor expanded in t around 0
Applied rewrites98.9%
Taylor expanded in c_n around inf
Applied rewrites99.4%
if 1e-52 < (neg.f64 s) Initial program 73.5%
Applied rewrites85.1%
Taylor expanded in s around 0
*-commutativeN/A
lower-fma.f64N/A
Applied rewrites88.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
Applied rewrites96.4%
Taylor expanded in c_n around 0
Applied rewrites96.4%
Final simplification99.0%
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s) :precision binary64 (exp (fma (fma -0.5 c_p (* 0.5 c_n)) t (* (fma -0.5 c_n (* 0.5 c_p)) s))))
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
return exp(fma(fma(-0.5, c_p, (0.5 * c_n)), t, (fma(-0.5, c_n, (0.5 * c_p)) * s)));
}
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s) return exp(fma(fma(-0.5, c_p, Float64(0.5 * c_n)), t, Float64(fma(-0.5, c_n, Float64(0.5 * c_p)) * s))) end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := N[Exp[N[(N[(-0.5 * c$95$p + N[(0.5 * c$95$n), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t + N[(N[(-0.5 * c$95$n + N[(0.5 * c$95$p), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * s), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, c\_p, 0.5 \cdot c\_n\right), t, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, c\_n, 0.5 \cdot c\_p\right) \cdot s\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 90.6%
Applied rewrites95.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0
*-commutativeN/A
lower-fma.f64N/A
Applied rewrites95.7%
Taylor expanded in t around 0
Applied rewrites98.7%
Final simplification98.7%
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s) :precision binary64 (if (<= (- s) -5.0) (exp (* (* c_n s) -0.5)) (exp (* (* s c_p) 0.5))))
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
double tmp;
if (-s <= -5.0) {
tmp = exp(((c_n * s) * -0.5));
} else {
tmp = exp(((s * c_p) * 0.5));
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
real(8), intent (in) :: c_p
real(8), intent (in) :: c_n
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: s
real(8) :: tmp
if (-s <= (-5.0d0)) then
tmp = exp(((c_n * s) * (-0.5d0)))
else
tmp = exp(((s * c_p) * 0.5d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
double tmp;
if (-s <= -5.0) {
tmp = Math.exp(((c_n * s) * -0.5));
} else {
tmp = Math.exp(((s * c_p) * 0.5));
}
return tmp;
}
def code(c_p, c_n, t, s): tmp = 0 if -s <= -5.0: tmp = math.exp(((c_n * s) * -0.5)) else: tmp = math.exp(((s * c_p) * 0.5)) return tmp
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(-s) <= -5.0) tmp = exp(Float64(Float64(c_n * s) * -0.5)); else tmp = exp(Float64(Float64(s * c_p) * 0.5)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(c_p, c_n, t, s) tmp = 0.0; if (-s <= -5.0) tmp = exp(((c_n * s) * -0.5)); else tmp = exp(((s * c_p) * 0.5)); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := If[LessEqual[(-s), -5.0], N[Exp[N[(N[(c$95$n * s), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[Exp[N[(N[(s * c$95$p), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;-s \leq -5:\\
\;\;\;\;e^{\left(c\_n \cdot s\right) \cdot -0.5}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;e^{\left(s \cdot c\_p\right) \cdot 0.5}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (neg.f64 s) < -5Initial program 42.7%
Applied rewrites53.8%
Taylor expanded in s around 0
*-commutativeN/A
lower-fma.f64N/A
Applied rewrites57.3%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
Applied rewrites79.2%
Taylor expanded in c_n around inf
Applied rewrites90.1%
if -5 < (neg.f64 s) Initial program 92.4%
Applied rewrites96.7%
Taylor expanded in s around 0
*-commutativeN/A
lower-fma.f64N/A
Applied rewrites97.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
Applied rewrites97.7%
Taylor expanded in c_n around 0
Applied rewrites97.7%
Final simplification97.4%
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s) :precision binary64 (exp (* (* c_n s) -0.5)))
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
return exp(((c_n * s) * -0.5));
}
real(8) function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
real(8), intent (in) :: c_p
real(8), intent (in) :: c_n
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: s
code = exp(((c_n * s) * (-0.5d0)))
end function
public static double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
return Math.exp(((c_n * s) * -0.5));
}
def code(c_p, c_n, t, s): return math.exp(((c_n * s) * -0.5))
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s) return exp(Float64(Float64(c_n * s) * -0.5)) end
function tmp = code(c_p, c_n, t, s) tmp = exp(((c_n * s) * -0.5)); end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := N[Exp[N[(N[(c$95$n * s), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
e^{\left(c\_n \cdot s\right) \cdot -0.5}
\end{array}
Initial program 90.6%
Applied rewrites95.2%
Taylor expanded in s around 0
*-commutativeN/A
lower-fma.f64N/A
Applied rewrites95.7%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
Applied rewrites97.0%
Taylor expanded in c_n around inf
Applied rewrites95.5%
Final simplification95.5%
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s) :precision binary64 1.0)
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
return 1.0;
}
real(8) function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
real(8), intent (in) :: c_p
real(8), intent (in) :: c_n
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: s
code = 1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
return 1.0;
}
def code(c_p, c_n, t, s): return 1.0
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s) return 1.0 end
function tmp = code(c_p, c_n, t, s) tmp = 1.0; end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := 1.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
1
\end{array}
Initial program 90.6%
Taylor expanded in c_n around 0
lower-/.f64N/A
lower-pow.f64N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
+-commutativeN/A
lower-+.f64N/A
lower-exp.f64N/A
lower-neg.f64N/A
lower-pow.f64N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
+-commutativeN/A
lower-+.f64N/A
lower-exp.f64N/A
lower-neg.f6492.0
Applied rewrites92.0%
Taylor expanded in c_p around 0
Applied rewrites93.2%
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s) :precision binary64 (* (pow (/ (+ 1.0 (exp (- t))) (+ 1.0 (exp (- s)))) c_p) (pow (/ (+ 1.0 (exp t)) (+ 1.0 (exp s))) c_n)))
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
return pow(((1.0 + exp(-t)) / (1.0 + exp(-s))), c_p) * pow(((1.0 + exp(t)) / (1.0 + exp(s))), c_n);
}
real(8) function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
real(8), intent (in) :: c_p
real(8), intent (in) :: c_n
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: s
code = (((1.0d0 + exp(-t)) / (1.0d0 + exp(-s))) ** c_p) * (((1.0d0 + exp(t)) / (1.0d0 + exp(s))) ** c_n)
end function
public static double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
return Math.pow(((1.0 + Math.exp(-t)) / (1.0 + Math.exp(-s))), c_p) * Math.pow(((1.0 + Math.exp(t)) / (1.0 + Math.exp(s))), c_n);
}
def code(c_p, c_n, t, s): return math.pow(((1.0 + math.exp(-t)) / (1.0 + math.exp(-s))), c_p) * math.pow(((1.0 + math.exp(t)) / (1.0 + math.exp(s))), c_n)
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s) return Float64((Float64(Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-t))) / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-s)))) ^ c_p) * (Float64(Float64(1.0 + exp(t)) / Float64(1.0 + exp(s))) ^ c_n)) end
function tmp = code(c_p, c_n, t, s) tmp = (((1.0 + exp(-t)) / (1.0 + exp(-s))) ^ c_p) * (((1.0 + exp(t)) / (1.0 + exp(s))) ^ c_n); end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := N[(N[Power[N[(N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-t)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-s)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], c$95$p], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(1.0 + N[Exp[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[s], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{\left(\frac{1 + e^{-t}}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(\frac{1 + e^{t}}{1 + e^{s}}\right)}^{c\_n}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024240
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
:name "Harley's example"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (< 0.0 c_p) (< 0.0 c_n))
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (* (pow (/ (+ 1 (exp (- t))) (+ 1 (exp (- s)))) c_p) (pow (/ (+ 1 (exp t)) (+ 1 (exp s))) c_n)))
(/ (* (pow (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- s)))) c_p) (pow (- 1.0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- s))))) c_n)) (* (pow (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- t)))) c_p) (pow (- 1.0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- t))))) c_n))))