
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (sqrt (* 2.0 (pow x 2.0))))
double code(double x) {
return sqrt((2.0 * pow(x, 2.0)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sqrt((2.0d0 * (x ** 2.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sqrt((2.0 * Math.pow(x, 2.0)));
}
def code(x): return math.sqrt((2.0 * math.pow(x, 2.0)))
function code(x) return sqrt(Float64(2.0 * (x ^ 2.0))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sqrt((2.0 * (x ^ 2.0))); end
code[x_] := N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{2 \cdot {x}^{2}}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 6 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (sqrt (* 2.0 (pow x 2.0))))
double code(double x) {
return sqrt((2.0 * pow(x, 2.0)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sqrt((2.0d0 * (x ** 2.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sqrt((2.0 * Math.pow(x, 2.0)));
}
def code(x): return math.sqrt((2.0 * math.pow(x, 2.0)))
function code(x) return sqrt(Float64(2.0 * (x ^ 2.0))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sqrt((2.0 * (x ^ 2.0))); end
code[x_] := N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[Power[x, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{2 \cdot {x}^{2}}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -5e-310) (- (* x (sqrt 2.0))) (/ (sqrt 2.0) (/ 1.0 x))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -5e-310) {
tmp = -(x * sqrt(2.0));
} else {
tmp = sqrt(2.0) / (1.0 / x);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-5d-310)) then
tmp = -(x * sqrt(2.0d0))
else
tmp = sqrt(2.0d0) / (1.0d0 / x)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -5e-310) {
tmp = -(x * Math.sqrt(2.0));
} else {
tmp = Math.sqrt(2.0) / (1.0 / x);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= -5e-310: tmp = -(x * math.sqrt(2.0)) else: tmp = math.sqrt(2.0) / (1.0 / x) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -5e-310) tmp = Float64(-Float64(x * sqrt(2.0))); else tmp = Float64(sqrt(2.0) / Float64(1.0 / x)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -5e-310) tmp = -(x * sqrt(2.0)); else tmp = sqrt(2.0) / (1.0 / x); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, -5e-310], (-N[(x * N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\
\;\;\;\;-x \cdot \sqrt{2}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\frac{1}{x}}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -4.999999999999985e-310Initial program 56.4%
Taylor expanded in x around -inf
mul-1-negN/A
lower-neg.f64N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-sqrt.f6499.4
Applied rewrites99.4%
if -4.999999999999985e-310 < x Initial program 54.5%
Taylor expanded in x around -inf
mul-1-negN/A
lower-neg.f64N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-sqrt.f642.2
Applied rewrites2.2%
Applied rewrites2.2%
Applied rewrites99.5%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -5e-310) (- (* x (sqrt 2.0))) (* (sqrt (* x 2.0)) (sqrt x))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -5e-310) {
tmp = -(x * sqrt(2.0));
} else {
tmp = sqrt((x * 2.0)) * sqrt(x);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-5d-310)) then
tmp = -(x * sqrt(2.0d0))
else
tmp = sqrt((x * 2.0d0)) * sqrt(x)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -5e-310) {
tmp = -(x * Math.sqrt(2.0));
} else {
tmp = Math.sqrt((x * 2.0)) * Math.sqrt(x);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= -5e-310: tmp = -(x * math.sqrt(2.0)) else: tmp = math.sqrt((x * 2.0)) * math.sqrt(x) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -5e-310) tmp = Float64(-Float64(x * sqrt(2.0))); else tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(x * 2.0)) * sqrt(x)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -5e-310) tmp = -(x * sqrt(2.0)); else tmp = sqrt((x * 2.0)) * sqrt(x); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, -5e-310], (-N[(x * N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), N[(N[Sqrt[N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\
\;\;\;\;-x \cdot \sqrt{2}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{x \cdot 2} \cdot \sqrt{x}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -4.999999999999985e-310Initial program 56.4%
Taylor expanded in x around -inf
mul-1-negN/A
lower-neg.f64N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-sqrt.f6499.4
Applied rewrites99.4%
if -4.999999999999985e-310 < x Initial program 54.5%
Taylor expanded in x around -inf
mul-1-negN/A
lower-neg.f64N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-sqrt.f642.2
Applied rewrites2.2%
Applied rewrites99.4%
Final simplification99.4%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -5e-310) (- (* x (sqrt 2.0))) (/ (* x 2.0) (sqrt 2.0))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -5e-310) {
tmp = -(x * sqrt(2.0));
} else {
tmp = (x * 2.0) / sqrt(2.0);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-5d-310)) then
tmp = -(x * sqrt(2.0d0))
else
tmp = (x * 2.0d0) / sqrt(2.0d0)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -5e-310) {
tmp = -(x * Math.sqrt(2.0));
} else {
tmp = (x * 2.0) / Math.sqrt(2.0);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= -5e-310: tmp = -(x * math.sqrt(2.0)) else: tmp = (x * 2.0) / math.sqrt(2.0) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -5e-310) tmp = Float64(-Float64(x * sqrt(2.0))); else tmp = Float64(Float64(x * 2.0) / sqrt(2.0)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -5e-310) tmp = -(x * sqrt(2.0)); else tmp = (x * 2.0) / sqrt(2.0); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, -5e-310], (-N[(x * N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), N[(N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\
\;\;\;\;-x \cdot \sqrt{2}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot 2}{\sqrt{2}}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -4.999999999999985e-310Initial program 56.4%
Taylor expanded in x around -inf
mul-1-negN/A
lower-neg.f64N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-sqrt.f6499.4
Applied rewrites99.4%
if -4.999999999999985e-310 < x Initial program 54.5%
Taylor expanded in x around -inf
mul-1-negN/A
lower-neg.f64N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-sqrt.f642.2
Applied rewrites2.2%
Applied rewrites2.2%
Applied rewrites99.3%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (* x (sqrt 2.0)))) (if (<= x -5e-310) (- t_0) t_0)))
double code(double x) {
double t_0 = x * sqrt(2.0);
double tmp;
if (x <= -5e-310) {
tmp = -t_0;
} else {
tmp = t_0;
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = x * sqrt(2.0d0)
if (x <= (-5d-310)) then
tmp = -t_0
else
tmp = t_0
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double t_0 = x * Math.sqrt(2.0);
double tmp;
if (x <= -5e-310) {
tmp = -t_0;
} else {
tmp = t_0;
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): t_0 = x * math.sqrt(2.0) tmp = 0 if x <= -5e-310: tmp = -t_0 else: tmp = t_0 return tmp
function code(x) t_0 = Float64(x * sqrt(2.0)) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -5e-310) tmp = Float64(-t_0); else tmp = t_0; end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) t_0 = x * sqrt(2.0); tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -5e-310) tmp = -t_0; else tmp = t_0; end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(x * N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[x, -5e-310], (-t$95$0), t$95$0]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := x \cdot \sqrt{2}\\
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\
\;\;\;\;-t\_0\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_0\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -4.999999999999985e-310Initial program 56.4%
Taylor expanded in x around -inf
mul-1-negN/A
lower-neg.f64N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-sqrt.f6499.4
Applied rewrites99.4%
if -4.999999999999985e-310 < x Initial program 54.5%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-sqrt.f6499.3
Applied rewrites99.3%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (<= x -4e-206) (sqrt 2.0) (* x (sqrt 2.0))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -4e-206) {
tmp = sqrt(2.0);
} else {
tmp = x * sqrt(2.0);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if (x <= (-4d-206)) then
tmp = sqrt(2.0d0)
else
tmp = x * sqrt(2.0d0)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if (x <= -4e-206) {
tmp = Math.sqrt(2.0);
} else {
tmp = x * Math.sqrt(2.0);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if x <= -4e-206: tmp = math.sqrt(2.0) else: tmp = x * math.sqrt(2.0) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if (x <= -4e-206) tmp = sqrt(2.0); else tmp = Float64(x * sqrt(2.0)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if (x <= -4e-206) tmp = sqrt(2.0); else tmp = x * sqrt(2.0); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[LessEqual[x, -4e-206], N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision], N[(x * N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -4 \cdot 10^{-206}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{2}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x \cdot \sqrt{2}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -4.00000000000000011e-206Initial program 65.3%
Applied rewrites6.0%
if -4.00000000000000011e-206 < x Initial program 48.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-sqrt.f6486.7
Applied rewrites86.7%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (sqrt 2.0))
double code(double x) {
return sqrt(2.0);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = sqrt(2.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return Math.sqrt(2.0);
}
def code(x): return math.sqrt(2.0)
function code(x) return sqrt(2.0) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = sqrt(2.0); end
code[x_] := N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sqrt{2}
\end{array}
Initial program 55.5%
Applied rewrites5.6%
herbie shell --seed 2024238
(FPCore (x)
:name "sqrt D (should all be same)"
:precision binary64
(sqrt (* 2.0 (pow x 2.0))))