Diagrams.Solve.Polynomial:cubForm from diagrams-solve-0.1, K

Percentage Accurate: 70.7% → 76.8%
Time: 17.7s
Alternatives: 5
Speedup: 1.2×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
 :precision binary64
 (- (* (* 2.0 (sqrt x)) (cos (- y (/ (* z t) 3.0)))) (/ a (* b 3.0))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return ((2.0 * sqrt(x)) * cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    code = ((2.0d0 * sqrt(x)) * cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0d0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return ((2.0 * Math.sqrt(x)) * Math.cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
	return ((2.0 * math.sqrt(x)) * math.cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0))
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * sqrt(x)) * cos(Float64(y - Float64(Float64(z * t) / 3.0)))) - Float64(a / Float64(b * 3.0)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	tmp = ((2.0 * sqrt(x)) * cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(y - N[(N[(z * t), $MachinePrecision] / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[(b * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 5 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 70.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
 :precision binary64
 (- (* (* 2.0 (sqrt x)) (cos (- y (/ (* z t) 3.0)))) (/ a (* b 3.0))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return ((2.0 * sqrt(x)) * cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    code = ((2.0d0 * sqrt(x)) * cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0d0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return ((2.0 * Math.sqrt(x)) * Math.cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
	return ((2.0 * math.sqrt(x)) * math.cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0))
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * sqrt(x)) * cos(Float64(y - Float64(Float64(z * t) / 3.0)))) - Float64(a / Float64(b * 3.0)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	tmp = ((2.0 * sqrt(x)) * cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(y - N[(N[(z * t), $MachinePrecision] / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[(b * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 76.8% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \cos y \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
 :precision binary64
 (- (* (cos y) (* (sqrt x) 2.0)) (/ a (* b 3.0))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return (cos(y) * (sqrt(x) * 2.0)) - (a / (b * 3.0));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    code = (cos(y) * (sqrt(x) * 2.0d0)) - (a / (b * 3.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return (Math.cos(y) * (Math.sqrt(x) * 2.0)) - (a / (b * 3.0));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
	return (math.cos(y) * (math.sqrt(x) * 2.0)) - (a / (b * 3.0))
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(cos(y) * Float64(sqrt(x) * 2.0)) - Float64(a / Float64(b * 3.0)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	tmp = (cos(y) * (sqrt(x) * 2.0)) - (a / (b * 3.0));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[Cos[y], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[(b * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\cos y \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 71.4%

    \[\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

    \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos y} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-cos.f6479.0

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos y} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
  5. Applied rewrites79.0%

    \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos y} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
  6. Final simplification79.0%

    \[\leadsto \cos y \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 67.8% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\\ t_2 := \frac{a}{-3 \cdot b}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+15}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-83}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.3333333333333333 \cdot t, z, y\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (/ a (* b 3.0))) (t_2 (/ a (* -3.0 b))))
   (if (<= t_1 -2e+15)
     t_2
     (if (<= t_1 5e-83)
       (* (cos (fma (* -0.3333333333333333 t) z y)) (* (sqrt x) 2.0))
       t_2))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	double t_1 = a / (b * 3.0);
	double t_2 = a / (-3.0 * b);
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -2e+15) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else if (t_1 <= 5e-83) {
		tmp = cos(fma((-0.3333333333333333 * t), z, y)) * (sqrt(x) * 2.0);
	} else {
		tmp = t_2;
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	t_1 = Float64(a / Float64(b * 3.0))
	t_2 = Float64(a / Float64(-3.0 * b))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= -2e+15)
		tmp = t_2;
	elseif (t_1 <= 5e-83)
		tmp = Float64(cos(fma(Float64(-0.3333333333333333 * t), z, y)) * Float64(sqrt(x) * 2.0));
	else
		tmp = t_2;
	end
	return tmp
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(a / N[(b * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(a / N[(-3.0 * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -2e+15], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 5e-83], N[(N[Cos[N[(N[(-0.3333333333333333 * t), $MachinePrecision] * z + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$2]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\\
t_2 := \frac{a}{-3 \cdot b}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+15}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_2\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-83}:\\
\;\;\;\;\cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.3333333333333333 \cdot t, z, y\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_2\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (/.f64 a (*.f64 b #s(literal 3 binary64))) < -2e15 or 5e-83 < (/.f64 a (*.f64 b #s(literal 3 binary64)))

    1. Initial program 78.5%

      \[\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot a}{b}} \]
      2. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1}{3}}{b} \cdot a} \]
      3. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}{b} \cdot a \]
      4. distribute-neg-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{3}}{b}\right)\right)} \cdot a \]
      5. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}}{b}\right)\right) \cdot a \]
      6. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{b}}\right)\right) \cdot a \]
      7. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \cdot a} \]
      8. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}{b}}\right)\right) \cdot a \]
      9. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}}{b}\right)\right) \cdot a \]
      10. distribute-neg-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}{b}} \cdot a \]
      11. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}{b} \cdot a \]
      12. lower-/.f6484.1

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.3333333333333333}{b}} \cdot a \]
    5. Applied rewrites84.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.3333333333333333}{b} \cdot a} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites84.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{a}{\color{blue}{-3 \cdot b}} \]

      if -2e15 < (/.f64 a (*.f64 b #s(literal 3 binary64))) < 5e-83

      1. Initial program 60.3%

        \[\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in b around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot z\right)\right)\right)} \]
      4. Applied rewrites56.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot -0.3333333333333333, z, y\right)\right)} \]
    7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    8. Final simplification73.4%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+15}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a}{-3 \cdot b}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-83}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.3333333333333333 \cdot t, z, y\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a}{-3 \cdot b}\\ \end{array} \]
    9. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 76.8% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \frac{-0.3333333333333333}{b} \cdot a\right) \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x y z t a b)
     :precision binary64
     (fma (* (cos y) 2.0) (sqrt x) (* (/ -0.3333333333333333 b) a)))
    double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
    	return fma((cos(y) * 2.0), sqrt(x), ((-0.3333333333333333 / b) * a));
    }
    
    function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
    	return fma(Float64(cos(y) * 2.0), sqrt(x), Float64(Float64(-0.3333333333333333 / b) * a))
    end
    
    code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[Cos[y], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.3333333333333333 / b), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \frac{-0.3333333333333333}{b} \cdot a\right)
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 71.4%

      \[\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos y\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos y\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right)\right)} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos y \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right)\right) \]
      3. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \cos y\right) \cdot \sqrt{x}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right)\right) \]
      4. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \cos y, \sqrt{x}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right)\right)} \]
      5. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{2 \cdot \cos y}, \sqrt{x}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right)\right) \]
      6. lower-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos y}, \sqrt{x}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right)\right) \]
      7. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \cos y, \color{blue}{\sqrt{x}}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right)\right) \]
      8. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \cos y, \sqrt{x}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{3} \cdot a}{b}}\right)\right) \]
      9. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \cos y, \sqrt{x}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{3}}{b} \cdot a}\right)\right) \]
      10. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \cos y, \sqrt{x}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}}{b} \cdot a\right)\right) \]
      11. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \cos y, \sqrt{x}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right)} \cdot a\right)\right) \]
      12. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \cos y, \sqrt{x}, \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \cdot a}\right) \]
      13. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \cos y, \sqrt{x}, \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \cdot a}\right) \]
      14. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \cos y, \sqrt{x}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}{b}}\right)\right) \cdot a\right) \]
      15. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \cos y, \sqrt{x}, \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}}{b}\right)\right) \cdot a\right) \]
      16. distribute-neg-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \cos y, \sqrt{x}, \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}{b}} \cdot a\right) \]
      17. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \cos y, \sqrt{x}, \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}{b} \cdot a\right) \]
      18. lower-/.f6478.9

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \cos y, \sqrt{x}, \color{blue}{\frac{-0.3333333333333333}{b}} \cdot a\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites78.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \cos y, \sqrt{x}, \frac{-0.3333333333333333}{b} \cdot a\right)} \]
    6. Final simplification78.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \frac{-0.3333333333333333}{b} \cdot a\right) \]
    7. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 50.8% accurate, 9.4× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{a}{-3 \cdot b} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (/ a (* -3.0 b)))
    double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
    	return a / (-3.0 * b);
    }
    
    real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        real(8), intent (in) :: z
        real(8), intent (in) :: t
        real(8), intent (in) :: a
        real(8), intent (in) :: b
        code = a / ((-3.0d0) * b)
    end function
    
    public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
    	return a / (-3.0 * b);
    }
    
    def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
    	return a / (-3.0 * b)
    
    function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
    	return Float64(a / Float64(-3.0 * b))
    end
    
    function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
    	tmp = a / (-3.0 * b);
    end
    
    code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(a / N[(-3.0 * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{a}{-3 \cdot b}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 71.4%

      \[\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot a}{b}} \]
      2. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1}{3}}{b} \cdot a} \]
      3. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}{b} \cdot a \]
      4. distribute-neg-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{3}}{b}\right)\right)} \cdot a \]
      5. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}}{b}\right)\right) \cdot a \]
      6. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{b}}\right)\right) \cdot a \]
      7. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \cdot a} \]
      8. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}{b}}\right)\right) \cdot a \]
      9. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}}{b}\right)\right) \cdot a \]
      10. distribute-neg-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}{b}} \cdot a \]
      11. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}{b} \cdot a \]
      12. lower-/.f6454.3

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.3333333333333333}{b}} \cdot a \]
    5. Applied rewrites54.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.3333333333333333}{b} \cdot a} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites54.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{a}{\color{blue}{-3 \cdot b}} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 5: 50.8% accurate, 9.4× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-0.3333333333333333}{b} \cdot a \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (* (/ -0.3333333333333333 b) a))
      double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
      	return (-0.3333333333333333 / b) * a;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
          real(8), intent (in) :: x
          real(8), intent (in) :: y
          real(8), intent (in) :: z
          real(8), intent (in) :: t
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: b
          code = ((-0.3333333333333333d0) / b) * a
      end function
      
      public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
      	return (-0.3333333333333333 / b) * a;
      }
      
      def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
      	return (-0.3333333333333333 / b) * a
      
      function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
      	return Float64(Float64(-0.3333333333333333 / b) * a)
      end
      
      function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
      	tmp = (-0.3333333333333333 / b) * a;
      end
      
      code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(-0.3333333333333333 / b), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \frac{-0.3333333333333333}{b} \cdot a
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 71.4%

        \[\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-*r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot a}{b}} \]
        2. associate-*l/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1}{3}}{b} \cdot a} \]
        3. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}}{b} \cdot a \]
        4. distribute-neg-fracN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{3}}{b}\right)\right)} \cdot a \]
        5. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}}{b}\right)\right) \cdot a \]
        6. associate-*r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{b}}\right)\right) \cdot a \]
        7. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right)\right) \cdot a} \]
        8. associate-*r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{3} \cdot 1}{b}}\right)\right) \cdot a \]
        9. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3}}}{b}\right)\right) \cdot a \]
        10. distribute-neg-fracN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}{b}} \cdot a \]
        11. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}}}{b} \cdot a \]
        12. lower-/.f6454.3

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.3333333333333333}{b}} \cdot a \]
      5. Applied rewrites54.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-0.3333333333333333}{b} \cdot a} \]
      6. Add Preprocessing

      Developer Target 1: 74.5% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{\frac{0.3333333333333333}{z}}{t}\\ t_2 := \frac{\frac{a}{3}}{b}\\ t_3 := 2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\\ \mathbf{if}\;z < -1.3793337487235141 \cdot 10^{+129}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_3 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{y} - t\_1\right) - t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;z < 3.516290613555987 \cdot 10^{+106}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{t}{3} \cdot z\right) - t\_2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos \left(y - t\_1\right) \cdot t\_3 - \frac{\frac{a}{b}}{3}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (x y z t a b)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_1 (/ (/ 0.3333333333333333 z) t))
              (t_2 (/ (/ a 3.0) b))
              (t_3 (* 2.0 (sqrt x))))
         (if (< z -1.3793337487235141e+129)
           (- (* t_3 (cos (- (/ 1.0 y) t_1))) t_2)
           (if (< z 3.516290613555987e+106)
             (- (* (* (sqrt x) 2.0) (cos (- y (* (/ t 3.0) z)))) t_2)
             (- (* (cos (- y t_1)) t_3) (/ (/ a b) 3.0))))))
      double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
      	double t_1 = (0.3333333333333333 / z) / t;
      	double t_2 = (a / 3.0) / b;
      	double t_3 = 2.0 * sqrt(x);
      	double tmp;
      	if (z < -1.3793337487235141e+129) {
      		tmp = (t_3 * cos(((1.0 / y) - t_1))) - t_2;
      	} else if (z < 3.516290613555987e+106) {
      		tmp = ((sqrt(x) * 2.0) * cos((y - ((t / 3.0) * z)))) - t_2;
      	} else {
      		tmp = (cos((y - t_1)) * t_3) - ((a / b) / 3.0);
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
          real(8), intent (in) :: x
          real(8), intent (in) :: y
          real(8), intent (in) :: z
          real(8), intent (in) :: t
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: b
          real(8) :: t_1
          real(8) :: t_2
          real(8) :: t_3
          real(8) :: tmp
          t_1 = (0.3333333333333333d0 / z) / t
          t_2 = (a / 3.0d0) / b
          t_3 = 2.0d0 * sqrt(x)
          if (z < (-1.3793337487235141d+129)) then
              tmp = (t_3 * cos(((1.0d0 / y) - t_1))) - t_2
          else if (z < 3.516290613555987d+106) then
              tmp = ((sqrt(x) * 2.0d0) * cos((y - ((t / 3.0d0) * z)))) - t_2
          else
              tmp = (cos((y - t_1)) * t_3) - ((a / b) / 3.0d0)
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
      	double t_1 = (0.3333333333333333 / z) / t;
      	double t_2 = (a / 3.0) / b;
      	double t_3 = 2.0 * Math.sqrt(x);
      	double tmp;
      	if (z < -1.3793337487235141e+129) {
      		tmp = (t_3 * Math.cos(((1.0 / y) - t_1))) - t_2;
      	} else if (z < 3.516290613555987e+106) {
      		tmp = ((Math.sqrt(x) * 2.0) * Math.cos((y - ((t / 3.0) * z)))) - t_2;
      	} else {
      		tmp = (Math.cos((y - t_1)) * t_3) - ((a / b) / 3.0);
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
      	t_1 = (0.3333333333333333 / z) / t
      	t_2 = (a / 3.0) / b
      	t_3 = 2.0 * math.sqrt(x)
      	tmp = 0
      	if z < -1.3793337487235141e+129:
      		tmp = (t_3 * math.cos(((1.0 / y) - t_1))) - t_2
      	elif z < 3.516290613555987e+106:
      		tmp = ((math.sqrt(x) * 2.0) * math.cos((y - ((t / 3.0) * z)))) - t_2
      	else:
      		tmp = (math.cos((y - t_1)) * t_3) - ((a / b) / 3.0)
      	return tmp
      
      function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
      	t_1 = Float64(Float64(0.3333333333333333 / z) / t)
      	t_2 = Float64(Float64(a / 3.0) / b)
      	t_3 = Float64(2.0 * sqrt(x))
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (z < -1.3793337487235141e+129)
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_3 * cos(Float64(Float64(1.0 / y) - t_1))) - t_2);
      	elseif (z < 3.516290613555987e+106)
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(sqrt(x) * 2.0) * cos(Float64(y - Float64(Float64(t / 3.0) * z)))) - t_2);
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(y - t_1)) * t_3) - Float64(Float64(a / b) / 3.0));
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
      	t_1 = (0.3333333333333333 / z) / t;
      	t_2 = (a / 3.0) / b;
      	t_3 = 2.0 * sqrt(x);
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if (z < -1.3793337487235141e+129)
      		tmp = (t_3 * cos(((1.0 / y) - t_1))) - t_2;
      	elseif (z < 3.516290613555987e+106)
      		tmp = ((sqrt(x) * 2.0) * cos((y - ((t / 3.0) * z)))) - t_2;
      	else
      		tmp = (cos((y - t_1)) * t_3) - ((a / b) / 3.0);
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 / z), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(a / 3.0), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(2.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[z, -1.3793337487235141e+129], N[(N[(t$95$3 * N[Cos[N[(N[(1.0 / y), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], If[Less[z, 3.516290613555987e+106], N[(N[(N[(N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(y - N[(N[(t / 3.0), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(y - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision] / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_1 := \frac{\frac{0.3333333333333333}{z}}{t}\\
      t_2 := \frac{\frac{a}{3}}{b}\\
      t_3 := 2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\\
      \mathbf{if}\;z < -1.3793337487235141 \cdot 10^{+129}:\\
      \;\;\;\;t\_3 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{y} - t\_1\right) - t\_2\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;z < 3.516290613555987 \cdot 10^{+106}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{t}{3} \cdot z\right) - t\_2\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\cos \left(y - t\_1\right) \cdot t\_3 - \frac{\frac{a}{b}}{3}\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      

      Reproduce

      ?
      herbie shell --seed 2024235 
      (FPCore (x y z t a b)
        :name "Diagrams.Solve.Polynomial:cubForm  from diagrams-solve-0.1, K"
        :precision binary64
      
        :alt
        (! :herbie-platform default (if (< z -1379333748723514100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) (- (* (* 2 (sqrt x)) (cos (- (/ 1 y) (/ (/ 3333333333333333/10000000000000000 z) t)))) (/ (/ a 3) b)) (if (< z 35162906135559870000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) (- (* (* (sqrt x) 2) (cos (- y (* (/ t 3) z)))) (/ (/ a 3) b)) (- (* (cos (- y (/ (/ 3333333333333333/10000000000000000 z) t))) (* 2 (sqrt x))) (/ (/ a b) 3)))))
      
        (- (* (* 2.0 (sqrt x)) (cos (- y (/ (* z t) 3.0)))) (/ a (* b 3.0))))