Diagrams.TwoD.Arc:arcBetween from diagrams-lib-1.3.0.3

Percentage Accurate: 50.9% → 82.0%
Time: 6.1s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 4.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y))) (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
    code = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
def code(x, y):
	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 50.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y))) (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
    code = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
def code(x, y):
	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 82.0% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-296}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-8}{x} \cdot y}{x}, y, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+297}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot y, -4, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, t\_0\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* 4.0 y) y)))
   (if (<= t_0 5e-296)
     (fma (/ (* (/ -8.0 x) y) x) y 1.0)
     (if (<= t_0 2e+297) (/ (fma (* y y) -4.0 (* x x)) (fma x x t_0)) -1.0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (4.0 * y) * y;
	double tmp;
	if (t_0 <= 5e-296) {
		tmp = fma((((-8.0 / x) * y) / x), y, 1.0);
	} else if (t_0 <= 2e+297) {
		tmp = fma((y * y), -4.0, (x * x)) / fma(x, x, t_0);
	} else {
		tmp = -1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * y) * y)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_0 <= 5e-296)
		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(Float64(-8.0 / x) * y) / x), y, 1.0);
	elseif (t_0 <= 2e+297)
		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(y * y), -4.0, Float64(x * x)) / fma(x, x, t_0));
	else
		tmp = -1.0;
	end
	return tmp
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(4.0 * y), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 5e-296], N[(N[(N[(N[(-8.0 / x), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision] * y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2e+297], N[(N[(N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0 + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x * x + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -1.0]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-296}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-8}{x} \cdot y}{x}, y, 1\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+297}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot y, -4, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, t\_0\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;-1\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 5.0000000000000003e-296

    1. Initial program 53.3%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + -8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} + 1} \]
      2. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-8 \cdot {y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} + 1 \]
      3. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-8}{{x}^{2}} \cdot {y}^{2}} + 1 \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(8\right)}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
      5. distribute-neg-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{8}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right)} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
      6. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{8 \cdot 1}}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
      7. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
      8. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot y\right)} + 1 \]
      9. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y\right) \cdot y} + 1 \]
      10. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
      11. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y}, y, 1\right) \]
      12. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{8 \cdot 1}{{x}^{2}}}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
      13. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{8}}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
      14. distribute-neg-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(8\right)}{{x}^{2}}} \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
      15. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{-8}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
      16. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-8}{{x}^{2}}} \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
      17. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}} \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
      18. lower-*.f6485.6

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}} \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites85.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites93.5%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-8}{x} \cdot y}{x}, y, 1\right) \]

      if 5.0000000000000003e-296 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 2e297

      1. Initial program 81.3%

        \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x} + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
        3. lower-fma.f6481.3

          \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\right)}} \]
        4. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 4\right)} \cdot y\right)} \]
        5. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot y\right)} \cdot y\right)} \]
        6. lower-*.f6481.3

          \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot y\right)} \cdot y\right)} \]
      4. Applied rewrites81.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right)}} \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right)} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x - \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right)} \]
        3. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x - \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 4\right)} \cdot y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right)} \]
        4. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x - \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot y\right)} \cdot y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right)} \]
        5. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x - \color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(y \cdot y\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right)} \]
        6. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x - 4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot y\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right)} \]
        7. cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right)\right) \cdot \left(y \cdot y\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right)} \]
        8. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x + \color{blue}{-4} \cdot \left(y \cdot y\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right)} \]
        9. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(y \cdot y\right) + x \cdot x}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right)} \]
        10. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot -4} + x \cdot x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right)} \]
        11. lower-fma.f6481.3

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot y, -4, x \cdot x\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right)} \]
      6. Applied rewrites81.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot y, -4, x \cdot x\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right)} \]

      if 2e297 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)

      1. Initial program 0.0%

        \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites89.7%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
      5. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
      6. Final simplification86.7%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-296}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-8}{x} \cdot y}{x}, y, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+297}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot y, -4, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \end{array} \]
      7. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 2: 82.0% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-296}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-8}{x} \cdot y}{x}, y, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+297}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot y, y, x \cdot x\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (x y)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_0 (* (* 4.0 y) y)))
         (if (<= t_0 5e-296)
           (fma (/ (* (/ -8.0 x) y) x) y 1.0)
           (if (<= t_0 2e+297)
             (/ (fma -4.0 (* y y) (* x x)) (fma (* 4.0 y) y (* x x)))
             -1.0))))
      double code(double x, double y) {
      	double t_0 = (4.0 * y) * y;
      	double tmp;
      	if (t_0 <= 5e-296) {
      		tmp = fma((((-8.0 / x) * y) / x), y, 1.0);
      	} else if (t_0 <= 2e+297) {
      		tmp = fma(-4.0, (y * y), (x * x)) / fma((4.0 * y), y, (x * x));
      	} else {
      		tmp = -1.0;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      function code(x, y)
      	t_0 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * y) * y)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (t_0 <= 5e-296)
      		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(Float64(-8.0 / x) * y) / x), y, 1.0);
      	elseif (t_0 <= 2e+297)
      		tmp = Float64(fma(-4.0, Float64(y * y), Float64(x * x)) / fma(Float64(4.0 * y), y, Float64(x * x)));
      	else
      		tmp = -1.0;
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(4.0 * y), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 5e-296], N[(N[(N[(N[(-8.0 / x), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision] * y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2e+297], N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(4.0 * y), $MachinePrecision] * y + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -1.0]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\\
      \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-296}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-8}{x} \cdot y}{x}, y, 1\right)\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+297}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot y, y, x \cdot x\right)}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;-1\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 3 regimes
      2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 5.0000000000000003e-296

        1. Initial program 53.3%

          \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + -8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} + 1} \]
          2. associate-*r/N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-8 \cdot {y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} + 1 \]
          3. associate-*l/N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-8}{{x}^{2}} \cdot {y}^{2}} + 1 \]
          4. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(8\right)}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
          5. distribute-neg-fracN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{8}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right)} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
          6. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{8 \cdot 1}}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
          7. associate-*r/N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
          8. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot y\right)} + 1 \]
          9. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y\right) \cdot y} + 1 \]
          10. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
          11. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y}, y, 1\right) \]
          12. associate-*r/N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{8 \cdot 1}{{x}^{2}}}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
          13. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{8}}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
          14. distribute-neg-fracN/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(8\right)}{{x}^{2}}} \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
          15. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{-8}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
          16. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-8}{{x}^{2}}} \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
          17. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}} \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
          18. lower-*.f6485.6

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}} \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
        5. Applied rewrites85.6%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites93.5%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-8}{x} \cdot y}{x}, y, 1\right) \]

          if 5.0000000000000003e-296 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 2e297

          1. Initial program 81.3%

            \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lift--.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
            2. sub-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\right)\right)}}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
            3. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\right)\right) + x \cdot x}}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
            4. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}\right)\right) + x \cdot x}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
            5. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 4\right)} \cdot y\right)\right) + x \cdot x}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
            6. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot y\right)} \cdot y\right)\right) + x \cdot x}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
            7. associate-*l*N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(y \cdot y\right)}\right)\right) + x \cdot x}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
            8. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right)\right) \cdot \left(y \cdot y\right)} + x \cdot x}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
            9. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right), y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
            10. metadata-evalN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-4}, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
            11. lower-*.f6481.3

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{y \cdot y}, x \cdot x\right)}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
            12. lift-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}} \]
            13. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y + x \cdot x}} \]
            14. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} + x \cdot x} \]
            15. lower-fma.f6481.3

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot 4, y, x \cdot x\right)}} \]
            16. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y \cdot 4}, y, x \cdot x\right)} \]
            17. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot y}, y, x \cdot x\right)} \]
            18. lower-*.f6481.3

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot y}, y, x \cdot x\right)} \]
          4. Applied rewrites81.3%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot y, y, x \cdot x\right)}} \]

          if 2e297 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)

          1. Initial program 0.0%

            \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites89.7%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
          5. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
          6. Final simplification86.7%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-296}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-8}{x} \cdot y}{x}, y, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+297}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot y, y, x \cdot x\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \end{array} \]
          7. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 3: 72.4% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \cdot x \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-187}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-8}{x} \cdot y}{x}, y, 1\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (x y)
           :precision binary64
           (if (<= (* x x) 4e-187) -1.0 (fma (/ (* (/ -8.0 x) y) x) y 1.0)))
          double code(double x, double y) {
          	double tmp;
          	if ((x * x) <= 4e-187) {
          		tmp = -1.0;
          	} else {
          		tmp = fma((((-8.0 / x) * y) / x), y, 1.0);
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          function code(x, y)
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (Float64(x * x) <= 4e-187)
          		tmp = -1.0;
          	else
          		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(Float64(-8.0 / x) * y) / x), y, 1.0);
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision], 4e-187], -1.0, N[(N[(N[(N[(-8.0 / x), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision] * y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          \mathbf{if}\;x \cdot x \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-187}:\\
          \;\;\;\;-1\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-8}{x} \cdot y}{x}, y, 1\right)\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 2 regimes
          2. if (*.f64 x x) < 4.0000000000000001e-187

            1. Initial program 68.7%

              \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites84.6%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]

              if 4.0000000000000001e-187 < (*.f64 x x)

              1. Initial program 46.2%

                \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + -8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} + 1} \]
                2. associate-*r/N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-8 \cdot {y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} + 1 \]
                3. associate-*l/N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-8}{{x}^{2}} \cdot {y}^{2}} + 1 \]
                4. metadata-evalN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(8\right)}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
                5. distribute-neg-fracN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{8}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right)} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
                6. metadata-evalN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{8 \cdot 1}}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
                7. associate-*r/N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
                8. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot y\right)} + 1 \]
                9. associate-*r*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y\right) \cdot y} + 1 \]
                10. lower-fma.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
                11. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y}, y, 1\right) \]
                12. associate-*r/N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{8 \cdot 1}{{x}^{2}}}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                13. metadata-evalN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{8}}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                14. distribute-neg-fracN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(8\right)}{{x}^{2}}} \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                15. metadata-evalN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{-8}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                16. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-8}{{x}^{2}}} \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                17. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}} \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                18. lower-*.f6475.6

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}} \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
              5. Applied rewrites75.6%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
              6. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites76.0%

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-8}{x} \cdot y}{x}, y, 1\right) \]
              7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
              8. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 4: 72.2% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \cdot x \leq 1.85 \cdot 10^{-185}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (x y)
               :precision binary64
               (if (<= (* x x) 1.85e-185) -1.0 (fma (* (/ -8.0 (* x x)) y) y 1.0)))
              double code(double x, double y) {
              	double tmp;
              	if ((x * x) <= 1.85e-185) {
              		tmp = -1.0;
              	} else {
              		tmp = fma(((-8.0 / (x * x)) * y), y, 1.0);
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              function code(x, y)
              	tmp = 0.0
              	if (Float64(x * x) <= 1.85e-185)
              		tmp = -1.0;
              	else
              		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(-8.0 / Float64(x * x)) * y), y, 1.0);
              	end
              	return tmp
              end
              
              code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision], 1.85e-185], -1.0, N[(N[(N[(-8.0 / N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision] * y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \begin{array}{l}
              \mathbf{if}\;x \cdot x \leq 1.85 \cdot 10^{-185}:\\
              \;\;\;\;-1\\
              
              \mathbf{else}:\\
              \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)\\
              
              
              \end{array}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Split input into 2 regimes
              2. if (*.f64 x x) < 1.85e-185

                1. Initial program 68.7%

                  \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites84.6%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]

                  if 1.85e-185 < (*.f64 x x)

                  1. Initial program 46.2%

                    \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + -8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} + 1} \]
                    2. associate-*r/N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-8 \cdot {y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} + 1 \]
                    3. associate-*l/N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-8}{{x}^{2}} \cdot {y}^{2}} + 1 \]
                    4. metadata-evalN/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(8\right)}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
                    5. distribute-neg-fracN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{8}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right)} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
                    6. metadata-evalN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{8 \cdot 1}}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
                    7. associate-*r/N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
                    8. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot y\right)} + 1 \]
                    9. associate-*r*N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y\right) \cdot y} + 1 \]
                    10. lower-fma.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
                    11. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y}, y, 1\right) \]
                    12. associate-*r/N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{8 \cdot 1}{{x}^{2}}}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                    13. metadata-evalN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{8}}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                    14. distribute-neg-fracN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(8\right)}{{x}^{2}}} \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                    15. metadata-evalN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{-8}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                    16. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-8}{{x}^{2}}} \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                    17. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}} \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                    18. lower-*.f6475.6

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}} \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                  5. Applied rewrites75.6%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
                5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                6. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 5: 71.6% accurate, 4.0× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \cdot x \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-185}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= (* x x) 2e-185) -1.0 1.0))
                double code(double x, double y) {
                	double tmp;
                	if ((x * x) <= 2e-185) {
                		tmp = -1.0;
                	} else {
                		tmp = 1.0;
                	}
                	return tmp;
                }
                
                real(8) function code(x, y)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                    real(8), intent (in) :: y
                    real(8) :: tmp
                    if ((x * x) <= 2d-185) then
                        tmp = -1.0d0
                    else
                        tmp = 1.0d0
                    end if
                    code = tmp
                end function
                
                public static double code(double x, double y) {
                	double tmp;
                	if ((x * x) <= 2e-185) {
                		tmp = -1.0;
                	} else {
                		tmp = 1.0;
                	}
                	return tmp;
                }
                
                def code(x, y):
                	tmp = 0
                	if (x * x) <= 2e-185:
                		tmp = -1.0
                	else:
                		tmp = 1.0
                	return tmp
                
                function code(x, y)
                	tmp = 0.0
                	if (Float64(x * x) <= 2e-185)
                		tmp = -1.0;
                	else
                		tmp = 1.0;
                	end
                	return tmp
                end
                
                function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
                	tmp = 0.0;
                	if ((x * x) <= 2e-185)
                		tmp = -1.0;
                	else
                		tmp = 1.0;
                	end
                	tmp_2 = tmp;
                end
                
                code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision], 2e-185], -1.0, 1.0]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \begin{array}{l}
                \mathbf{if}\;x \cdot x \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-185}:\\
                \;\;\;\;-1\\
                
                \mathbf{else}:\\
                \;\;\;\;1\\
                
                
                \end{array}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Split input into 2 regimes
                2. if (*.f64 x x) < 2e-185

                  1. Initial program 68.7%

                    \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites84.6%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]

                    if 2e-185 < (*.f64 x x)

                    1. Initial program 46.2%

                      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites74.7%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                    5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                    6. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 6: 49.8% accurate, 48.0× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -1 \end{array} \]
                    (FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 -1.0)
                    double code(double x, double y) {
                    	return -1.0;
                    }
                    
                    real(8) function code(x, y)
                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                        code = -1.0d0
                    end function
                    
                    public static double code(double x, double y) {
                    	return -1.0;
                    }
                    
                    def code(x, y):
                    	return -1.0
                    
                    function code(x, y)
                    	return -1.0
                    end
                    
                    function tmp = code(x, y)
                    	tmp = -1.0;
                    end
                    
                    code[x_, y_] := -1.0
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    
                    \\
                    -1
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Initial program 54.7%

                      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites47.7%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing

                      Developer Target 1: 51.4% accurate, 0.2× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot 4\\ t_1 := x \cdot x + t\_0\\ t_2 := \frac{t\_0}{t\_1}\\ t_3 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x \cdot x - t\_3}{x \cdot x + t\_3} < 0.9743233849626781:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x}{t\_1} - t\_2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{t\_1}}\right)}^{2} - t\_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                      (FPCore (x y)
                       :precision binary64
                       (let* ((t_0 (* (* y y) 4.0))
                              (t_1 (+ (* x x) t_0))
                              (t_2 (/ t_0 t_1))
                              (t_3 (* (* y 4.0) y)))
                         (if (< (/ (- (* x x) t_3) (+ (* x x) t_3)) 0.9743233849626781)
                           (- (/ (* x x) t_1) t_2)
                           (- (pow (/ x (sqrt t_1)) 2.0) t_2))))
                      double code(double x, double y) {
                      	double t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
                      	double t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
                      	double t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
                      	double t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
                      	double tmp;
                      	if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) {
                      		tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
                      	} else {
                      		tmp = pow((x / sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2;
                      	}
                      	return tmp;
                      }
                      
                      real(8) function code(x, y)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          real(8) :: t_0
                          real(8) :: t_1
                          real(8) :: t_2
                          real(8) :: t_3
                          real(8) :: tmp
                          t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0d0
                          t_1 = (x * x) + t_0
                          t_2 = t_0 / t_1
                          t_3 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
                          if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781d0) then
                              tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2
                          else
                              tmp = ((x / sqrt(t_1)) ** 2.0d0) - t_2
                          end if
                          code = tmp
                      end function
                      
                      public static double code(double x, double y) {
                      	double t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
                      	double t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
                      	double t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
                      	double t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
                      	double tmp;
                      	if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) {
                      		tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
                      	} else {
                      		tmp = Math.pow((x / Math.sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2;
                      	}
                      	return tmp;
                      }
                      
                      def code(x, y):
                      	t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0
                      	t_1 = (x * x) + t_0
                      	t_2 = t_0 / t_1
                      	t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y
                      	tmp = 0
                      	if (((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781:
                      		tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2
                      	else:
                      		tmp = math.pow((x / math.sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2
                      	return tmp
                      
                      function code(x, y)
                      	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * y) * 4.0)
                      	t_1 = Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0)
                      	t_2 = Float64(t_0 / t_1)
                      	t_3 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
                      	tmp = 0.0
                      	if (Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_3) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781)
                      		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) / t_1) - t_2);
                      	else
                      		tmp = Float64((Float64(x / sqrt(t_1)) ^ 2.0) - t_2);
                      	end
                      	return tmp
                      end
                      
                      function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
                      	t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
                      	t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
                      	t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
                      	t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
                      	tmp = 0.0;
                      	if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781)
                      		tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
                      	else
                      		tmp = ((x / sqrt(t_1)) ^ 2.0) - t_2;
                      	end
                      	tmp_2 = tmp;
                      end
                      
                      code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(t$95$0 / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.9743233849626781], N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[N[(x / N[Sqrt[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
                      
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      
                      \\
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      t_0 := \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot 4\\
                      t_1 := x \cdot x + t\_0\\
                      t_2 := \frac{t\_0}{t\_1}\\
                      t_3 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
                      \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x \cdot x - t\_3}{x \cdot x + t\_3} < 0.9743233849626781:\\
                      \;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x}{t\_1} - t\_2\\
                      
                      \mathbf{else}:\\
                      \;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{t\_1}}\right)}^{2} - t\_2\\
                      
                      
                      \end{array}
                      \end{array}
                      

                      Reproduce

                      ?
                      herbie shell --seed 2024235 
                      (FPCore (x y)
                        :name "Diagrams.TwoD.Arc:arcBetween from diagrams-lib-1.3.0.3"
                        :precision binary64
                      
                        :alt
                        (! :herbie-platform default (if (< (/ (- (* x x) (* (* y 4) y)) (+ (* x x) (* (* y 4) y))) 9743233849626781/10000000000000000) (- (/ (* x x) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4))) (/ (* (* y y) 4) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4)))) (- (pow (/ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4)))) 2) (/ (* (* y y) 4) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4))))))
                      
                        (/ (- (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y)) (+ (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y))))