Migdal et al, Equation (64)

Percentage Accurate: 99.5% → 99.5%

Time: 11.0s

Alternatives: 12

Speedup: 1.9×

• 44.3% of points produce a very large (infinite) output. You may want to add a precondition.

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}\\ t\_1 \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + t\_1 \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a1 a2 th)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (/ (cos th) (sqrt 2.0))))
   (+ (* t_1 (* a1 a1)) (* t_1 (* a2 a2)))))

C

double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	double t_1 = cos(th) / sqrt(2.0);
	return (t_1 * (a1 * a1)) + (t_1 * (a2 * a2));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a1, a2, th)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a1
    real(8), intent (in) :: a2
    real(8), intent (in) :: th
    real(8) :: t_1
    t_1 = cos(th) / sqrt(2.0d0)
    code = (t_1 * (a1 * a1)) + (t_1 * (a2 * a2))
end function

Java

public static double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	double t_1 = Math.cos(th) / Math.sqrt(2.0);
	return (t_1 * (a1 * a1)) + (t_1 * (a2 * a2));
}

Python

def code(a1, a2, th):
	t_1 = math.cos(th) / math.sqrt(2.0)
	return (t_1 * (a1 * a1)) + (t_1 * (a2 * a2))

Julia

function code(a1, a2, th)
	t_1 = Float64(cos(th) / sqrt(2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(t_1 * Float64(a1 * a1)) + Float64(t_1 * Float64(a2 * a2)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a1, a2, th)
	t_1 = cos(th) / sqrt(2.0);
	tmp = (t_1 * (a1 * a1)) + (t_1 * (a2 * a2));
end

Wolfram

code[a1_, a2_, th_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(t$95$1 * N[(a1 * a1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(t$95$1 * N[(a2 * a2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Initial Program: 99.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}\\ t\_1 \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + t\_1 \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a1 a2 th)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (/ (cos th) (sqrt 2.0))))
   (+ (* t_1 (* a1 a1)) (* t_1 (* a2 a2)))))

C

double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	double t_1 = cos(th) / sqrt(2.0);
	return (t_1 * (a1 * a1)) + (t_1 * (a2 * a2));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(a1, a2, th)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a1
    real(8), intent (in) :: a2
    real(8), intent (in) :: th
    real(8) :: t_1
    t_1 = cos(th) / sqrt(2.0d0)
    code = (t_1 * (a1 * a1)) + (t_1 * (a2 * a2))
end function

Java

public static double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	double t_1 = Math.cos(th) / Math.sqrt(2.0);
	return (t_1 * (a1 * a1)) + (t_1 * (a2 * a2));
}

Python

def code(a1, a2, th):
	t_1 = math.cos(th) / math.sqrt(2.0)
	return (t_1 * (a1 * a1)) + (t_1 * (a2 * a2))

Julia

function code(a1, a2, th)
	t_1 = Float64(cos(th) / sqrt(2.0))
	return Float64(Float64(t_1 * Float64(a1 * a1)) + Float64(t_1 * Float64(a2 * a2)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a1, a2, th)
	t_1 = cos(th) / sqrt(2.0);
	tmp = (t_1 * (a1 * a1)) + (t_1 * (a2 * a2));
end

Wolfram

code[a1_, a2_, th_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(t$95$1 * N[(a1 * a1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(t$95$1 * N[(a2 * a2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Alternative 1: 99.5% accurate, 1.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} [a1, a2, th] = \mathsf{sort}([a1, a2, th])\\ \\ \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a1 a2 th)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (/ (fma a2 a2 (* a1 a1)) (sqrt 2.0)) (/ 1.0 (cos th))))

C

assert(a1 < a2 && a2 < th);
double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return (fma(a2, a2, (a1 * a1)) / sqrt(2.0)) / (1.0 / cos(th));
}

Julia

a1, a2, th = sort([a1, a2, th])
function code(a1, a2, th)
	return Float64(Float64(fma(a2, a2, Float64(a1 * a1)) / sqrt(2.0)) / Float64(1.0 / cos(th)))
end

Wolfram

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a1_, a2_, th_] := N[(N[(N[(a2 * a2 + N[(a1 * a1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 / N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.6%

   \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   2. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right)} + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   3. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   4. distribute-lft-out N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   5. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   6. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   7. clear-num N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}}} \]

   8. un-div-inv N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}}} \]

   9. div-inv N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

   10. associate-/r* N/A

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

   11. *-lft-identity N/A

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}} \]

   12. associate-*l/ N/A

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}} \]

   13. lower-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}{\frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

4. Applied rewrites 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 75.0% accurate, 0.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} [a1, a2, th] = \mathsf{sort}([a1, a2, th])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) + t\_1 \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) \leq -4 \cdot 10^{-241}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(th \cdot th, -0.5, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{a2}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{a2}}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a1 a2 th)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (/ (cos th) (sqrt 2.0))))
   (if (<= (+ (* t_1 (* a2 a2)) (* t_1 (* a1 a1))) -4e-241)
     (* (* a2 a2) (/ (fma (* th th) -0.5 1.0) (sqrt 2.0)))
     (fma (/ a1 (sqrt 2.0)) a1 (/ a2 (/ (sqrt 2.0) a2))))))

C

assert(a1 < a2 && a2 < th);
double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	double t_1 = cos(th) / sqrt(2.0);
	double tmp;
	if (((t_1 * (a2 * a2)) + (t_1 * (a1 * a1))) <= -4e-241) {
		tmp = (a2 * a2) * (fma((th * th), -0.5, 1.0) / sqrt(2.0));
	} else {
		tmp = fma((a1 / sqrt(2.0)), a1, (a2 / (sqrt(2.0) / a2)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

a1, a2, th = sort([a1, a2, th])
function code(a1, a2, th)
	t_1 = Float64(cos(th) / sqrt(2.0))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(t_1 * Float64(a2 * a2)) + Float64(t_1 * Float64(a1 * a1))) <= -4e-241)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(a2 * a2) * Float64(fma(Float64(th * th), -0.5, 1.0) / sqrt(2.0)));
	else
		tmp = fma(Float64(a1 / sqrt(2.0)), a1, Float64(a2 / Float64(sqrt(2.0) / a2)));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a1_, a2_, th_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(t$95$1 * N[(a2 * a2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(t$95$1 * N[(a1 * a1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -4e-241], N[(N[(a2 * a2), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(th * th), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(a1 / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a1 + N[(a2 / N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] / a2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (+.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (cos.f64 th) (sqrt.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64))) (*.f64 a1 a1)) (*.f64 (/.f64 (cos.f64 th) (sqrt.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64))) (*.f64 a2 a2))) < -3.9999999999999999e-241

   1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right)} + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

      3. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

      4. distribute-lft-out N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

      6. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

      7. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}}} \]

      8. un-div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}}} \]

      9. div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

      10. associate-/r* N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

      11. *-lft-identity N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}} \]

      12. associate-*l/ N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}} \]

      13. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}{\frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in a1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{a1}^{2} \cdot \cos th}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{{a2}^{2} \cdot \cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a1}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} + \frac{{a2}^{2} \cdot \cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \]

      2. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto {a1}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} + \color{blue}{{a2}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

      3. distribute-rgt-out N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left({a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}\right)} \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left({a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}\right)} \]

      5. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot \left({a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}\right) \]

      6. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\cos th}}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left({a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}\right) \]

      7. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot \left({a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}\right) \]

      8. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{a1 \cdot a1} + {a2}^{2}\right) \]

      9. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, {a2}^{2}\right)} \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, \color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 99.7

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, \color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   8. Taylor expanded in th around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot {th}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

   10. Applied rewrites 56.7%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(th \cdot th, -0.5, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   11. Taylor expanded in a1 around 0

       \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(th \cdot th, \frac{-1}{2}, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot {a2}^{\color{blue}{2}} \]
   12. Step-by-step derivation

   13. Applied rewrites 45.7%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(th \cdot th, -0.5, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot \color{blue}{a2}\right) \]

   if -3.9999999999999999e-241 < (+.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (cos.f64 th) (sqrt.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64))) (*.f64 a1 a1)) (*.f64 (/.f64 (cos.f64 th) (sqrt.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64))) (*.f64 a2 a2)))

   1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in th around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{a1}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{a1 \cdot a1}}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

      2. associate-*l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a1} + \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

      3. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right)} \]

      4. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}}, a1, \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

      5. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}}, a1, \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

      6. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

      7. associate-*l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \color{blue}{\frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a2}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \color{blue}{\frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a2}\right) \]

      9. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \color{blue}{\frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot a2\right) \]

      10. lower-sqrt.f64 84.1

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{a2}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot a2\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 84.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a2\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

   7. Applied rewrites 84.2%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{a2}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{a2}}\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 77.2%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) \leq -4 \cdot 10^{-241}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(th \cdot th, -0.5, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{a2}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{a2}}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 74.9% accurate, 0.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} [a1, a2, th] = \mathsf{sort}([a1, a2, th])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) + t\_1 \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) \leq -4 \cdot 10^{-241}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(th \cdot th, -0.5, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a1 a2 th)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (/ (cos th) (sqrt 2.0))))
   (if (<= (+ (* t_1 (* a2 a2)) (* t_1 (* a1 a1))) -4e-241)
     (* (* a2 a2) (/ (fma (* th th) -0.5 1.0) (sqrt 2.0)))
     (/ (fma a2 a2 (* a1 a1)) (sqrt 2.0)))))

C

assert(a1 < a2 && a2 < th);
double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	double t_1 = cos(th) / sqrt(2.0);
	double tmp;
	if (((t_1 * (a2 * a2)) + (t_1 * (a1 * a1))) <= -4e-241) {
		tmp = (a2 * a2) * (fma((th * th), -0.5, 1.0) / sqrt(2.0));
	} else {
		tmp = fma(a2, a2, (a1 * a1)) / sqrt(2.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

a1, a2, th = sort([a1, a2, th])
function code(a1, a2, th)
	t_1 = Float64(cos(th) / sqrt(2.0))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(t_1 * Float64(a2 * a2)) + Float64(t_1 * Float64(a1 * a1))) <= -4e-241)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(a2 * a2) * Float64(fma(Float64(th * th), -0.5, 1.0) / sqrt(2.0)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(fma(a2, a2, Float64(a1 * a1)) / sqrt(2.0));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a1_, a2_, th_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(t$95$1 * N[(a2 * a2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(t$95$1 * N[(a1 * a1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -4e-241], N[(N[(a2 * a2), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(th * th), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(a2 * a2 + N[(a1 * a1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (+.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (cos.f64 th) (sqrt.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64))) (*.f64 a1 a1)) (*.f64 (/.f64 (cos.f64 th) (sqrt.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64))) (*.f64 a2 a2))) < -3.9999999999999999e-241

   1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right)} + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

      3. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

      4. distribute-lft-out N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

      6. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

      7. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}}} \]

      8. un-div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}}} \]

      9. div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

      10. associate-/r* N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

      11. *-lft-identity N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}} \]

      12. associate-*l/ N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}} \]

      13. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}{\frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in a1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{a1}^{2} \cdot \cos th}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{{a2}^{2} \cdot \cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a1}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} + \frac{{a2}^{2} \cdot \cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \]

      2. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto {a1}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} + \color{blue}{{a2}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

      3. distribute-rgt-out N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left({a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}\right)} \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left({a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}\right)} \]

      5. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot \left({a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}\right) \]

      6. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\cos th}}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left({a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}\right) \]

      7. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot \left({a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}\right) \]

      8. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{a1 \cdot a1} + {a2}^{2}\right) \]

      9. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, {a2}^{2}\right)} \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, \color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 99.7

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, \color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   8. Taylor expanded in th around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot {th}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

   10. Applied rewrites 56.7%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(th \cdot th, -0.5, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   11. Taylor expanded in a1 around 0

       \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(th \cdot th, \frac{-1}{2}, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot {a2}^{\color{blue}{2}} \]
   12. Step-by-step derivation

   13. Applied rewrites 45.7%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(th \cdot th, -0.5, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot \color{blue}{a2}\right) \]

   if -3.9999999999999999e-241 < (+.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (cos.f64 th) (sqrt.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64))) (*.f64 a1 a1)) (*.f64 (/.f64 (cos.f64 th) (sqrt.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64))) (*.f64 a2 a2)))

   1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in th around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{a1}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{a1 \cdot a1}}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

      2. associate-*l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a1} + \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

      3. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right)} \]

      4. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}}, a1, \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

      5. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}}, a1, \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

      6. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

      7. associate-*l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \color{blue}{\frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a2}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \color{blue}{\frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a2}\right) \]

      9. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \color{blue}{\frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot a2\right) \]

      10. lower-sqrt.f64 84.1

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{a2}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot a2\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 84.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a2\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

   7. Applied rewrites 84.1%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \frac{a2}{\frac{1}{a2}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Applied rewrites 84.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 77.2%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) \leq -4 \cdot 10^{-241}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(th \cdot th, -0.5, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 75.0% accurate, 0.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} [a1, a2, th] = \mathsf{sort}([a1, a2, th])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) + t\_1 \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-107}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(a1 \cdot a1\right) \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(th \cdot th, -0.5, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a1 a2 th)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (/ (cos th) (sqrt 2.0))))
   (if (<= (+ (* t_1 (* a2 a2)) (* t_1 (* a1 a1))) -2e-107)
     (* (* a1 a1) (/ (fma (* th th) -0.5 1.0) (sqrt 2.0)))
     (/ (fma a2 a2 (* a1 a1)) (sqrt 2.0)))))

C

assert(a1 < a2 && a2 < th);
double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	double t_1 = cos(th) / sqrt(2.0);
	double tmp;
	if (((t_1 * (a2 * a2)) + (t_1 * (a1 * a1))) <= -2e-107) {
		tmp = (a1 * a1) * (fma((th * th), -0.5, 1.0) / sqrt(2.0));
	} else {
		tmp = fma(a2, a2, (a1 * a1)) / sqrt(2.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

a1, a2, th = sort([a1, a2, th])
function code(a1, a2, th)
	t_1 = Float64(cos(th) / sqrt(2.0))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(t_1 * Float64(a2 * a2)) + Float64(t_1 * Float64(a1 * a1))) <= -2e-107)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(a1 * a1) * Float64(fma(Float64(th * th), -0.5, 1.0) / sqrt(2.0)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(fma(a2, a2, Float64(a1 * a1)) / sqrt(2.0));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a1_, a2_, th_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(t$95$1 * N[(a2 * a2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(t$95$1 * N[(a1 * a1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -2e-107], N[(N[(a1 * a1), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(th * th), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(a2 * a2 + N[(a1 * a1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (+.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (cos.f64 th) (sqrt.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64))) (*.f64 a1 a1)) (*.f64 (/.f64 (cos.f64 th) (sqrt.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64))) (*.f64 a2 a2))) < -2e-107

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right)} + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

      3. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

      4. distribute-lft-out N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

      6. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

      7. clear-num N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}}} \]

      8. un-div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}}} \]

      9. div-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

      10. associate-/r* N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

      11. *-lft-identity N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}} \]

      12. associate-*l/ N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}} \]

      13. lower-/.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}{\frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in a1 around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{a1}^{2} \cdot \cos th}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{{a2}^{2} \cdot \cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a1}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} + \frac{{a2}^{2} \cdot \cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \]

      2. associate-/l* N/A

         \[\leadsto {a1}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} + \color{blue}{{a2}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

      3. distribute-rgt-out N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left({a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}\right)} \]

      4. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left({a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}\right)} \]

      5. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot \left({a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}\right) \]

      6. lower-cos.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\cos th}}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left({a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}\right) \]

      7. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot \left({a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}\right) \]

      8. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{a1 \cdot a1} + {a2}^{2}\right) \]

      9. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, {a2}^{2}\right)} \]

      10. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, \color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2}\right) \]

      11. lower-*.f64 99.8

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, \color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2}\right) \]

   7. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   8. Taylor expanded in th around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot {th}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

   10. Applied rewrites 63.2%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(th \cdot th, -0.5, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   11. Taylor expanded in a1 around inf

       \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(th \cdot th, \frac{-1}{2}, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot {a1}^{\color{blue}{2}} \]
   12. Step-by-step derivation

   13. Applied rewrites 46.2%

       \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(th \cdot th, -0.5, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot \color{blue}{a1}\right) \]

   if -2e-107 < (+.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (cos.f64 th) (sqrt.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64))) (*.f64 a1 a1)) (*.f64 (/.f64 (cos.f64 th) (sqrt.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64))) (*.f64 a2 a2)))

   1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in th around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{a1}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{a1 \cdot a1}}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

      2. associate-*l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a1} + \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

      3. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right)} \]

      4. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}}, a1, \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

      5. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}}, a1, \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

      6. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

      7. associate-*l/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \color{blue}{\frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a2}\right) \]

      8. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \color{blue}{\frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a2}\right) \]

      9. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \color{blue}{\frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot a2\right) \]

      10. lower-sqrt.f64 82.3

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{a2}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot a2\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 82.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a2\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

   7. Applied rewrites 82.2%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \frac{a2}{\frac{1}{a2}}\right) \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Applied rewrites 82.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 76.5%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-107}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(a1 \cdot a1\right) \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(th \cdot th, -0.5, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 99.5% accurate, 1.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} [a1, a2, th] = \mathsf{sort}([a1, a2, th])\\ \\ \frac{-\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\frac{-1}{\cos th} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a1 a2 th)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (- (fma a2 a2 (* a1 a1))) (* (/ -1.0 (cos th)) (sqrt 2.0))))

C

assert(a1 < a2 && a2 < th);
double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return -fma(a2, a2, (a1 * a1)) / ((-1.0 / cos(th)) * sqrt(2.0));
}

Julia

a1, a2, th = sort([a1, a2, th])
function code(a1, a2, th)
	return Float64(Float64(-fma(a2, a2, Float64(a1 * a1))) / Float64(Float64(-1.0 / cos(th)) * sqrt(2.0)))
end

Wolfram

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a1_, a2_, th_] := N[((-N[(a2 * a2 + N[(a1 * a1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]) / N[(N[(-1.0 / N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.6%

   \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   2. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right)} + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   3. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   4. distribute-lft-out N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   5. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   6. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   7. clear-num N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}}} \]

   8. un-div-inv N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}}} \]

   9. div-inv N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

   10. associate-/r* N/A

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

   11. *-lft-identity N/A

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}} \]

   12. associate-*l/ N/A

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}} \]

   13. lower-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}{\frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

4. Applied rewrites 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

   2. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}} \]

   3. frac-2neg N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}} \]

   4. associate-/l/ N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)\right)}{\frac{1}{\cos th} \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{2}\right)\right)}} \]

   5. lower-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)\right)}{\frac{1}{\cos th} \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{2}\right)\right)}} \]

   6. lower-neg.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)\right)}}{\frac{1}{\cos th} \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]

   7. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\cos th} \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{2}\right)\right)}} \]

   8. lower-neg.f64 99.6

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\frac{1}{\cos th} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-\sqrt{2}\right)}} \]

6. Applied rewrites 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\frac{1}{\cos th} \cdot \left(-\sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\cos th} \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{2}\right)\right)}} \]

   2. lift-neg.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)\right)}{\frac{1}{\cos th} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sqrt{2}\right)\right)}} \]

   3. distribute-rgt-neg-out N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{\cos th} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]

   4. distribute-lft-neg-in N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{\cos th}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}} \]

   5. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{\cos th}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}} \]

   6. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)\right)}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\cos th}}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]

   7. distribute-neg-frac N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)}{\cos th}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]

   8. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)\right)}{\frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\cos th} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]

   9. lower-/.f64 99.6

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\cos th}} \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]

8. Applied rewrites 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{-\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\cos th} \cdot \sqrt{2}}} \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 99.6% accurate, 1.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} [a1, a2, th] = \mathsf{sort}([a1, a2, th])\\ \\ \cos th \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a1 a2 th)
 :precision binary64
 (* (cos th) (/ (fma a2 a2 (* a1 a1)) (sqrt 2.0))))

C

assert(a1 < a2 && a2 < th);
double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return cos(th) * (fma(a2, a2, (a1 * a1)) / sqrt(2.0));
}

Julia

a1, a2, th = sort([a1, a2, th])
function code(a1, a2, th)
	return Float64(cos(th) * Float64(fma(a2, a2, Float64(a1 * a1)) / sqrt(2.0)))
end

Wolfram

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a1_, a2_, th_] := N[(N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a2 * a2 + N[(a1 * a1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.6%

   \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   2. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right)} + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   3. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   4. distribute-lft-out N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   5. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   6. div-inv N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos th \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   7. associate-*l* N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos th \cdot \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)\right)} \]

   8. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)\right) \cdot \cos th} \]

   9. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)\right) \cdot \cos th} \]

   10. associate-*l/ N/A

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot \cos th \]

   11. *-lft-identity N/A

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \cos th \]

   12. lower-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot \cos th \]

   13. +-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2 + a1 \cdot a1}}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \cos th \]

   14. lift-*.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2} + a1 \cdot a1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \cos th \]

   15. lower-fma.f64 99.6

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \cos th \]

4. Applied rewrites 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \cos th} \]

5. Final simplification 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \cos th \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}} \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 99.5% accurate, 1.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} [a1, a2, th] = \mathsf{sort}([a1, a2, th])\\ \\ \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, a2 \cdot a2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a1 a2 th)
 :precision binary64
 (* (/ (cos th) (sqrt 2.0)) (fma a1 a1 (* a2 a2))))

C

assert(a1 < a2 && a2 < th);
double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return (cos(th) / sqrt(2.0)) * fma(a1, a1, (a2 * a2));
}

Julia

a1, a2, th = sort([a1, a2, th])
function code(a1, a2, th)
	return Float64(Float64(cos(th) / sqrt(2.0)) * fma(a1, a1, Float64(a2 * a2)))
end

Wolfram

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a1_, a2_, th_] := N[(N[(N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a1 * a1 + N[(a2 * a2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.6%

   \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in a1 around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{a1}^{2} \cdot \cos th}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{{a2}^{2} \cdot \cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-/l* N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{a1}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} + \frac{{a2}^{2} \cdot \cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   2. associate-/l* N/A

      \[\leadsto {a1}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} + \color{blue}{{a2}^{2} \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   3. distribute-rgt-out N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left({a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}\right)} \]

   4. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left({a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   5. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left({a1}^{2} + {a2}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   6. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{a1 \cdot a1} + {a2}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   7. lower-fma.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, {a2}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   8. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, \color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2}\right) \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   9. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, \color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2}\right) \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   10. lower-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   11. lower-cos.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\cos th}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   12. lower-sqrt.f64 99.6

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

5. Applied rewrites 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

6. Final simplification 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a1, a1, a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 57.6% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} [a1, a2, th] = \mathsf{sort}([a1, a2, th])\\ \\ \frac{\left(\cos th \cdot a2\right) \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a1 a2 th) :precision binary64 (/ (* (* (cos th) a2) a2) (sqrt 2.0)))

C

assert(a1 < a2 && a2 < th);
double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return ((cos(th) * a2) * a2) / sqrt(2.0);
}

Fortran

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(8) function code(a1, a2, th)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a1
    real(8), intent (in) :: a2
    real(8), intent (in) :: th
    code = ((cos(th) * a2) * a2) / sqrt(2.0d0)
end function

Java

assert a1 < a2 && a2 < th;
public static double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return ((Math.cos(th) * a2) * a2) / Math.sqrt(2.0);
}

Python

[a1, a2, th] = sort([a1, a2, th])
def code(a1, a2, th):
	return ((math.cos(th) * a2) * a2) / math.sqrt(2.0)

Julia

a1, a2, th = sort([a1, a2, th])
function code(a1, a2, th)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(cos(th) * a2) * a2) / sqrt(2.0))
end

MATLAB

a1, a2, th = num2cell(sort([a1, a2, th])){:}
function tmp = code(a1, a2, th)
	tmp = ((cos(th) * a2) * a2) / sqrt(2.0);
end

Wolfram

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a1_, a2_, th_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision] * a2), $MachinePrecision] * a2), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.6%

   \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   2. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right)} + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]

   3. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   4. distribute-lft-out N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)} \]

   5. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   6. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   7. clear-num N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}}} \]

   8. un-div-inv N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\cos th}}} \]

   9. div-inv N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

   10. associate-/r* N/A

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

   11. *-lft-identity N/A

       \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}} \]

   12. associate-*l/ N/A

       \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}} \]

   13. lower-/.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1 + a2 \cdot a2\right)}{\frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

4. Applied rewrites 99.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}}}{\frac{1}{\cos th}}} \]

5. Taylor expanded in a1 around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{a2}^{2} \cdot \cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{a2}^{2} \cdot \cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\cos th \cdot {a2}^{2}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   3. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a2 \cdot a2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   4. associate-*r* N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos th \cdot a2\right) \cdot a2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   5. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos th \cdot a2\right) \cdot a2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   6. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos th \cdot a2\right)} \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   7. lower-cos.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\color{blue}{\cos th} \cdot a2\right) \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   8. lower-sqrt.f64 57.6

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\cos th \cdot a2\right) \cdot a2}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

7. Applied rewrites 57.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\cos th \cdot a2\right) \cdot a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 57.7% accurate, 2.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} [a1, a2, th] = \mathsf{sort}([a1, a2, th])\\ \\ \frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(\cos th \cdot a2\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a1 a2 th) :precision binary64 (* (/ a2 (sqrt 2.0)) (* (cos th) a2)))

C

assert(a1 < a2 && a2 < th);
double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return (a2 / sqrt(2.0)) * (cos(th) * a2);
}

Fortran

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(8) function code(a1, a2, th)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a1
    real(8), intent (in) :: a2
    real(8), intent (in) :: th
    code = (a2 / sqrt(2.0d0)) * (cos(th) * a2)
end function

Java

assert a1 < a2 && a2 < th;
public static double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return (a2 / Math.sqrt(2.0)) * (Math.cos(th) * a2);
}

Python

[a1, a2, th] = sort([a1, a2, th])
def code(a1, a2, th):
	return (a2 / math.sqrt(2.0)) * (math.cos(th) * a2)

Julia

a1, a2, th = sort([a1, a2, th])
function code(a1, a2, th)
	return Float64(Float64(a2 / sqrt(2.0)) * Float64(cos(th) * a2))
end

MATLAB

a1, a2, th = num2cell(sort([a1, a2, th])){:}
function tmp = code(a1, a2, th)
	tmp = (a2 / sqrt(2.0)) * (cos(th) * a2);
end

Wolfram

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a1_, a2_, th_] := N[(N[(a2 / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[th], $MachinePrecision] * a2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.6%

   \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in a1 around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{a2}^{2} \cdot \cos th}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\cos th \cdot {a2}^{2}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   2. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\cos th \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a2 \cdot a2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   3. associate-*r* N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos th \cdot a2\right) \cdot a2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   4. associate-/l* N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos th \cdot a2\right) \cdot \frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   5. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos th \cdot a2\right) \cdot \frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   6. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos th \cdot a2\right)} \cdot \frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   7. lower-cos.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos th} \cdot a2\right) \cdot \frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   8. lower-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\cos th \cdot a2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

   9. lower-sqrt.f64 57.6

      \[\leadsto \left(\cos th \cdot a2\right) \cdot \frac{a2}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

5. Applied rewrites 57.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos th \cdot a2\right) \cdot \frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

6. Final simplification 57.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(\cos th \cdot a2\right) \]
7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 65.9% accurate, 8.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} [a1, a2, th] = \mathsf{sort}([a1, a2, th])\\ \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\sqrt{2}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a1 a2 th) :precision binary64 (/ (fma a2 a2 (* a1 a1)) (sqrt 2.0)))

C

assert(a1 < a2 && a2 < th);
double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return fma(a2, a2, (a1 * a1)) / sqrt(2.0);
}

Julia

a1, a2, th = sort([a1, a2, th])
function code(a1, a2, th)
	return Float64(fma(a2, a2, Float64(a1 * a1)) / sqrt(2.0))
end

Wolfram

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a1_, a2_, th_] := N[(N[(a2 * a2 + N[(a1 * a1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.6%

   \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in th around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{a1}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{a1 \cdot a1}}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   2. associate-*l/ N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a1} + \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   3. lower-fma.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right)} \]

   4. lower-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}}, a1, \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

   5. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}}, a1, \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

   6. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

   7. associate-*l/ N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \color{blue}{\frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a2}\right) \]

   8. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \color{blue}{\frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a2}\right) \]

   9. lower-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \color{blue}{\frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot a2\right) \]

   10. lower-sqrt.f64 69.1

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{a2}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot a2\right) \]

5. Applied rewrites 69.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a2\right)} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

7. Applied rewrites 69.1%

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \frac{a2}{\frac{1}{a2}}\right) \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

9. Applied rewrites 69.2%

   \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(a2, a2, a1 \cdot a1\right)}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 11: 39.9% accurate, 9.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} [a1, a2, th] = \mathsf{sort}([a1, a2, th])\\ \\ \frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a2 \end{array} \]

FPCore

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a1 a2 th) :precision binary64 (* (/ a2 (sqrt 2.0)) a2))

C

assert(a1 < a2 && a2 < th);
double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return (a2 / sqrt(2.0)) * a2;
}

Fortran

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(8) function code(a1, a2, th)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a1
    real(8), intent (in) :: a2
    real(8), intent (in) :: th
    code = (a2 / sqrt(2.0d0)) * a2
end function

Java

assert a1 < a2 && a2 < th;
public static double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return (a2 / Math.sqrt(2.0)) * a2;
}

Python

[a1, a2, th] = sort([a1, a2, th])
def code(a1, a2, th):
	return (a2 / math.sqrt(2.0)) * a2

Julia

a1, a2, th = sort([a1, a2, th])
function code(a1, a2, th)
	return Float64(Float64(a2 / sqrt(2.0)) * a2)
end

MATLAB

a1, a2, th = num2cell(sort([a1, a2, th])){:}
function tmp = code(a1, a2, th)
	tmp = (a2 / sqrt(2.0)) * a2;
end

Wolfram

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a1_, a2_, th_] := N[(N[(a2 / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a2), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.6%

   \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in th around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{a1}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{a1 \cdot a1}}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   2. associate-*l/ N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a1} + \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   3. lower-fma.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right)} \]

   4. lower-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}}, a1, \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

   5. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}}, a1, \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

   6. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

   7. associate-*l/ N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \color{blue}{\frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a2}\right) \]

   8. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \color{blue}{\frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a2}\right) \]

   9. lower-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \color{blue}{\frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot a2\right) \]

   10. lower-sqrt.f64 69.1

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{a2}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot a2\right) \]

5. Applied rewrites 69.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a2\right)} \]

6. Taylor expanded in a1 around 0

   \[\leadsto \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

8. Applied rewrites 40.2%

   \[\leadsto a2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

9. Final simplification 40.2%

   \[\leadsto \frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a2 \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 12: 39.5% accurate, 9.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} [a1, a2, th] = \mathsf{sort}([a1, a2, th])\\ \\ \frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a1 \end{array} \]

FPCore

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a1 a2 th) :precision binary64 (* (/ a1 (sqrt 2.0)) a1))

C

assert(a1 < a2 && a2 < th);
double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return (a1 / sqrt(2.0)) * a1;
}

Fortran

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(8) function code(a1, a2, th)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a1
    real(8), intent (in) :: a2
    real(8), intent (in) :: th
    code = (a1 / sqrt(2.0d0)) * a1
end function

Java

assert a1 < a2 && a2 < th;
public static double code(double a1, double a2, double th) {
	return (a1 / Math.sqrt(2.0)) * a1;
}

Python

[a1, a2, th] = sort([a1, a2, th])
def code(a1, a2, th):
	return (a1 / math.sqrt(2.0)) * a1

Julia

a1, a2, th = sort([a1, a2, th])
function code(a1, a2, th)
	return Float64(Float64(a1 / sqrt(2.0)) * a1)
end

MATLAB

a1, a2, th = num2cell(sort([a1, a2, th])){:}
function tmp = code(a1, a2, th)
	tmp = (a1 / sqrt(2.0)) * a1;
end

Wolfram

NOTE: a1, a2, and th should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a1_, a2_, th_] := N[(N[(a1 / N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a1), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.6%

   \[\frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a1 \cdot a1\right) + \frac{\cos th}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \left(a2 \cdot a2\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in th around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{a1}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{a1 \cdot a1}}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   2. associate-*l/ N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a1} + \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}} \]

   3. lower-fma.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right)} \]

   4. lower-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}}, a1, \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

   5. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}}, a1, \frac{{a2}^{2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

   6. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{\color{blue}{a2 \cdot a2}}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \]

   7. associate-*l/ N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \color{blue}{\frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a2}\right) \]

   8. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \color{blue}{\frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a2}\right) \]

   9. lower-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \color{blue}{\frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot a2\right) \]

   10. lower-sqrt.f64 69.1

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{a2}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \cdot a2\right) \]

5. Applied rewrites 69.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}, a1, \frac{a2}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a2\right)} \]

6. Taylor expanded in a1 around inf

   \[\leadsto \frac{{a1}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

8. Applied rewrites 42.1%

   \[\leadsto a1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}}} \]

9. Final simplification 42.1%

   \[\leadsto \frac{a1}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot a1 \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024235 
(FPCore (a1 a2 th)
  :name "Migdal et al, Equation (64)"
  :precision binary64
  (+ (* (/ (cos th) (sqrt 2.0)) (* a1 a1)) (* (/ (cos th) (sqrt 2.0)) (* a2 a2))))