Diagrams.Solve.Polynomial:cubForm from diagrams-solve-0.1, K

Percentage Accurate: 70.7% → 76.8%
Time: 19.6s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 1.2×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
 :precision binary64
 (- (* (* 2.0 (sqrt x)) (cos (- y (/ (* z t) 3.0)))) (/ a (* b 3.0))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return ((2.0 * sqrt(x)) * cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    code = ((2.0d0 * sqrt(x)) * cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0d0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return ((2.0 * Math.sqrt(x)) * Math.cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
	return ((2.0 * math.sqrt(x)) * math.cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0))
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * sqrt(x)) * cos(Float64(y - Float64(Float64(z * t) / 3.0)))) - Float64(a / Float64(b * 3.0)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	tmp = ((2.0 * sqrt(x)) * cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(y - N[(N[(z * t), $MachinePrecision] / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[(b * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 70.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
 :precision binary64
 (- (* (* 2.0 (sqrt x)) (cos (- y (/ (* z t) 3.0)))) (/ a (* b 3.0))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return ((2.0 * sqrt(x)) * cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    code = ((2.0d0 * sqrt(x)) * cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0d0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return ((2.0 * Math.sqrt(x)) * Math.cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
	return ((2.0 * math.sqrt(x)) * math.cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0))
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * sqrt(x)) * cos(Float64(y - Float64(Float64(z * t) / 3.0)))) - Float64(a / Float64(b * 3.0)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	tmp = ((2.0 * sqrt(x)) * cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(y - N[(N[(z * t), $MachinePrecision] / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[(b * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 76.8% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \cos y \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
 :precision binary64
 (- (* (cos y) (* (sqrt x) 2.0)) (/ a (* b 3.0))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return (cos(y) * (sqrt(x) * 2.0)) - (a / (b * 3.0));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    code = (cos(y) * (sqrt(x) * 2.0d0)) - (a / (b * 3.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return (Math.cos(y) * (Math.sqrt(x) * 2.0)) - (a / (b * 3.0));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
	return (math.cos(y) * (math.sqrt(x) * 2.0)) - (a / (b * 3.0))
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(cos(y) * Float64(sqrt(x) * 2.0)) - Float64(a / Float64(b * 3.0)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	tmp = (cos(y) * (sqrt(x) * 2.0)) - (a / (b * 3.0));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[Cos[y], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[(b * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\cos y \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 71.4%

    \[\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

    \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos y} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-cos.f6479.0

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos y} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
  5. Applied rewrites79.0%

    \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos y} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
  6. Final simplification79.0%

    \[\leadsto \cos y \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 67.8% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\\ t_2 := \frac{a}{-3 \cdot b}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+15}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-83}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.3333333333333333, t \cdot z, y\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (/ a (* b 3.0))) (t_2 (/ a (* -3.0 b))))
   (if (<= t_1 -2e+15)
     t_2
     (if (<= t_1 5e-83)
       (* (cos (fma -0.3333333333333333 (* t z) y)) (* (sqrt x) 2.0))
       t_2))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	double t_1 = a / (b * 3.0);
	double t_2 = a / (-3.0 * b);
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -2e+15) {
		tmp = t_2;
	} else if (t_1 <= 5e-83) {
		tmp = cos(fma(-0.3333333333333333, (t * z), y)) * (sqrt(x) * 2.0);
	} else {
		tmp = t_2;
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	t_1 = Float64(a / Float64(b * 3.0))
	t_2 = Float64(a / Float64(-3.0 * b))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= -2e+15)
		tmp = t_2;
	elseif (t_1 <= 5e-83)
		tmp = Float64(cos(fma(-0.3333333333333333, Float64(t * z), y)) * Float64(sqrt(x) * 2.0));
	else
		tmp = t_2;
	end
	return tmp
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(a / N[(b * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(a / N[(-3.0 * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -2e+15], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 5e-83], N[(N[Cos[N[(-0.3333333333333333 * N[(t * z), $MachinePrecision] + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$2]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\\
t_2 := \frac{a}{-3 \cdot b}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+15}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_2\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-83}:\\
\;\;\;\;\cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.3333333333333333, t \cdot z, y\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_2\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (/.f64 a (*.f64 b #s(literal 3 binary64))) < -2e15 or 5e-83 < (/.f64 a (*.f64 b #s(literal 3 binary64)))

    1. Initial program 78.5%

      \[\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
      2. lower-/.f6483.7

        \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{b}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites83.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites84.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{a}{\color{blue}{-3 \cdot b}} \]

      if -2e15 < (/.f64 a (*.f64 b #s(literal 3 binary64))) < 5e-83

      1. Initial program 60.3%

        \[\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot z\right)\right)\right)} \]
      4. Applied rewrites56.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.3333333333333333, z \cdot t, y\right)\right)} \]
    7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    8. Final simplification73.3%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+15}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a}{-3 \cdot b}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-83}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.3333333333333333, t \cdot z, y\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a}{-3 \cdot b}\\ \end{array} \]
    9. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 76.7% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \frac{a}{b} \cdot -0.3333333333333333\right) \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x y z t a b)
     :precision binary64
     (fma (* (cos y) 2.0) (sqrt x) (* (/ a b) -0.3333333333333333)))
    double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
    	return fma((cos(y) * 2.0), sqrt(x), ((a / b) * -0.3333333333333333));
    }
    
    function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
    	return fma(Float64(cos(y) * 2.0), sqrt(x), Float64(Float64(a / b) * -0.3333333333333333))
    end
    
    code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[Cos[y], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision] * -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \frac{a}{b} \cdot -0.3333333333333333\right)
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 71.4%

      \[\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos y\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos y\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos y \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{a}{b} \]
      3. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \cos y\right) \cdot \sqrt{x}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{a}{b} \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \cos y\right) \cdot \sqrt{x} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}} \cdot \frac{a}{b} \]
      5. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \cos y, \sqrt{x}, \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right)} \]
      6. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{2 \cdot \cos y}, \sqrt{x}, \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right) \]
      7. lower-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos y}, \sqrt{x}, \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right) \]
      8. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \cos y, \color{blue}{\sqrt{x}}, \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right) \]
      9. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \cos y, \sqrt{x}, \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}}\right) \]
      10. lower-/.f6478.7

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \cos y, \sqrt{x}, -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{b}}\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites78.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot \cos y, \sqrt{x}, -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right)} \]
    6. Final simplification78.7%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \frac{a}{b} \cdot -0.3333333333333333\right) \]
    7. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 59.7% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \cdot z \leq -4 \cdot 10^{-19}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\frac{-3 \cdot b}{a}}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \cdot z \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-89}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot -0.05555555555555555, z \cdot z, 1\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot a}{b}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x y z t a b)
     :precision binary64
     (if (<= (* t z) -4e-19)
       (/ 1.0 (/ (* -3.0 b) a))
       (if (<= (* t z) 2e-89)
         (-
          (* (fma (* (* t t) -0.05555555555555555) (* z z) 1.0) (* (sqrt x) 2.0))
          (/ a (* b 3.0)))
         (/ (* -0.3333333333333333 a) b))))
    double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
    	double tmp;
    	if ((t * z) <= -4e-19) {
    		tmp = 1.0 / ((-3.0 * b) / a);
    	} else if ((t * z) <= 2e-89) {
    		tmp = (fma(((t * t) * -0.05555555555555555), (z * z), 1.0) * (sqrt(x) * 2.0)) - (a / (b * 3.0));
    	} else {
    		tmp = (-0.3333333333333333 * a) / b;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (Float64(t * z) <= -4e-19)
    		tmp = Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(-3.0 * b) / a));
    	elseif (Float64(t * z) <= 2e-89)
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(t * t) * -0.05555555555555555), Float64(z * z), 1.0) * Float64(sqrt(x) * 2.0)) - Float64(a / Float64(b * 3.0)));
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(-0.3333333333333333 * a) / b);
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := If[LessEqual[N[(t * z), $MachinePrecision], -4e-19], N[(1.0 / N[(N[(-3.0 * b), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[N[(t * z), $MachinePrecision], 2e-89], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(t * t), $MachinePrecision] * -0.05555555555555555), $MachinePrecision] * N[(z * z), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[(b * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(-0.3333333333333333 * a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;t \cdot z \leq -4 \cdot 10^{-19}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\frac{-3 \cdot b}{a}}\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;t \cdot z \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-89}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot -0.05555555555555555, z \cdot z, 1\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot a}{b}\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 3 regimes
    2. if (*.f64 z t) < -3.9999999999999999e-19

      1. Initial program 46.1%

        \[\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
        2. lower-/.f6459.0

          \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{b}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites59.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites59.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-3 \cdot b}{a}}} \]

        if -3.9999999999999999e-19 < (*.f64 z t) < 2.00000000000000008e-89

        1. Initial program 99.7%

          \[\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

          \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos y + z \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{18} \cdot \left({t}^{2} \cdot \left(z \cdot \cos y\right)\right) - \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right)\right)\right)} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{18} \cdot \left({t}^{2} \cdot \left(z \cdot \cos y\right)\right) - \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right)\right) + \cos y\right)} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
          2. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{18} \cdot \left({t}^{2} \cdot \left(z \cdot \cos y\right)\right) - \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right)\right) \cdot z} + \cos y\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
          3. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{18} \cdot \left({t}^{2} \cdot \left(z \cdot \cos y\right)\right) - \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right), z, \cos y\right)} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
        5. Applied rewrites96.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot \sin y, t, \left(\left(\left(-0.05555555555555555 \cdot t\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot z\right) \cdot \cos y\right), z, \cos y\right)} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in y around 0

          \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{18} \cdot \left({t}^{2} \cdot {z}^{2}\right)}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites70.6%

            \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.05555555555555555 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right), \color{blue}{z \cdot z}, 1\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]

          if 2.00000000000000008e-89 < (*.f64 z t)

          1. Initial program 56.8%

            \[\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
            2. lower-/.f6450.7

              \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{b}} \]
          5. Applied rewrites50.7%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites51.8%

              \[\leadsto \frac{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot a}{\color{blue}{b}} \]
          7. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
          8. Final simplification61.5%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \cdot z \leq -4 \cdot 10^{-19}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\frac{-3 \cdot b}{a}}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \cdot z \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-89}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot -0.05555555555555555, z \cdot z, 1\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot a}{b}\\ \end{array} \]
          9. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 5: 50.8% accurate, 9.4× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{a}{-3 \cdot b} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (/ a (* -3.0 b)))
          double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
          	return a / (-3.0 * b);
          }
          
          real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              real(8), intent (in) :: z
              real(8), intent (in) :: t
              real(8), intent (in) :: a
              real(8), intent (in) :: b
              code = a / ((-3.0d0) * b)
          end function
          
          public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
          	return a / (-3.0 * b);
          }
          
          def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
          	return a / (-3.0 * b)
          
          function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
          	return Float64(a / Float64(-3.0 * b))
          end
          
          function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
          	tmp = a / (-3.0 * b);
          end
          
          code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(a / N[(-3.0 * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \frac{a}{-3 \cdot b}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 71.4%

            \[\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
            2. lower-/.f6454.0

              \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{b}} \]
          5. Applied rewrites54.0%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites54.3%

              \[\leadsto \frac{a}{\color{blue}{-3 \cdot b}} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 6: 50.8% accurate, 9.4× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-0.3333333333333333}{b} \cdot a \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (* (/ -0.3333333333333333 b) a))
            double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
            	return (-0.3333333333333333 / b) * a;
            }
            
            real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                real(8), intent (in) :: z
                real(8), intent (in) :: t
                real(8), intent (in) :: a
                real(8), intent (in) :: b
                code = ((-0.3333333333333333d0) / b) * a
            end function
            
            public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
            	return (-0.3333333333333333 / b) * a;
            }
            
            def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
            	return (-0.3333333333333333 / b) * a
            
            function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
            	return Float64(Float64(-0.3333333333333333 / b) * a)
            end
            
            function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
            	tmp = (-0.3333333333333333 / b) * a;
            end
            
            code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(-0.3333333333333333 / b), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \frac{-0.3333333333333333}{b} \cdot a
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 71.4%

              \[\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
              2. lower-/.f6454.0

                \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{b}} \]
            5. Applied rewrites54.0%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
            6. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites54.3%

                \[\leadsto \frac{-0.3333333333333333}{b} \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 7: 50.8% accurate, 9.4× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{a}{b} \cdot -0.3333333333333333 \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (x y z t a b) :precision binary64 (* (/ a b) -0.3333333333333333))
              double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
              	return (a / b) * -0.3333333333333333;
              }
              
              real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  real(8), intent (in) :: z
                  real(8), intent (in) :: t
                  real(8), intent (in) :: a
                  real(8), intent (in) :: b
                  code = (a / b) * (-0.3333333333333333d0)
              end function
              
              public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
              	return (a / b) * -0.3333333333333333;
              }
              
              def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
              	return (a / b) * -0.3333333333333333
              
              function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
              	return Float64(Float64(a / b) * -0.3333333333333333)
              end
              
              function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
              	tmp = (a / b) * -0.3333333333333333;
              end
              
              code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision] * -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \frac{a}{b} \cdot -0.3333333333333333
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Initial program 71.4%

                \[\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
                2. lower-/.f6454.0

                  \[\leadsto -0.3333333333333333 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{b}} \]
              5. Applied rewrites54.0%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
              6. Final simplification54.0%

                \[\leadsto \frac{a}{b} \cdot -0.3333333333333333 \]
              7. Add Preprocessing

              Developer Target 1: 74.5% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{\frac{0.3333333333333333}{z}}{t}\\ t_2 := \frac{\frac{a}{3}}{b}\\ t_3 := 2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\\ \mathbf{if}\;z < -1.3793337487235141 \cdot 10^{+129}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_3 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{y} - t\_1\right) - t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;z < 3.516290613555987 \cdot 10^{+106}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{t}{3} \cdot z\right) - t\_2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos \left(y - t\_1\right) \cdot t\_3 - \frac{\frac{a}{b}}{3}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (x y z t a b)
               :precision binary64
               (let* ((t_1 (/ (/ 0.3333333333333333 z) t))
                      (t_2 (/ (/ a 3.0) b))
                      (t_3 (* 2.0 (sqrt x))))
                 (if (< z -1.3793337487235141e+129)
                   (- (* t_3 (cos (- (/ 1.0 y) t_1))) t_2)
                   (if (< z 3.516290613555987e+106)
                     (- (* (* (sqrt x) 2.0) (cos (- y (* (/ t 3.0) z)))) t_2)
                     (- (* (cos (- y t_1)) t_3) (/ (/ a b) 3.0))))))
              double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
              	double t_1 = (0.3333333333333333 / z) / t;
              	double t_2 = (a / 3.0) / b;
              	double t_3 = 2.0 * sqrt(x);
              	double tmp;
              	if (z < -1.3793337487235141e+129) {
              		tmp = (t_3 * cos(((1.0 / y) - t_1))) - t_2;
              	} else if (z < 3.516290613555987e+106) {
              		tmp = ((sqrt(x) * 2.0) * cos((y - ((t / 3.0) * z)))) - t_2;
              	} else {
              		tmp = (cos((y - t_1)) * t_3) - ((a / b) / 3.0);
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  real(8), intent (in) :: z
                  real(8), intent (in) :: t
                  real(8), intent (in) :: a
                  real(8), intent (in) :: b
                  real(8) :: t_1
                  real(8) :: t_2
                  real(8) :: t_3
                  real(8) :: tmp
                  t_1 = (0.3333333333333333d0 / z) / t
                  t_2 = (a / 3.0d0) / b
                  t_3 = 2.0d0 * sqrt(x)
                  if (z < (-1.3793337487235141d+129)) then
                      tmp = (t_3 * cos(((1.0d0 / y) - t_1))) - t_2
                  else if (z < 3.516290613555987d+106) then
                      tmp = ((sqrt(x) * 2.0d0) * cos((y - ((t / 3.0d0) * z)))) - t_2
                  else
                      tmp = (cos((y - t_1)) * t_3) - ((a / b) / 3.0d0)
                  end if
                  code = tmp
              end function
              
              public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
              	double t_1 = (0.3333333333333333 / z) / t;
              	double t_2 = (a / 3.0) / b;
              	double t_3 = 2.0 * Math.sqrt(x);
              	double tmp;
              	if (z < -1.3793337487235141e+129) {
              		tmp = (t_3 * Math.cos(((1.0 / y) - t_1))) - t_2;
              	} else if (z < 3.516290613555987e+106) {
              		tmp = ((Math.sqrt(x) * 2.0) * Math.cos((y - ((t / 3.0) * z)))) - t_2;
              	} else {
              		tmp = (Math.cos((y - t_1)) * t_3) - ((a / b) / 3.0);
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
              	t_1 = (0.3333333333333333 / z) / t
              	t_2 = (a / 3.0) / b
              	t_3 = 2.0 * math.sqrt(x)
              	tmp = 0
              	if z < -1.3793337487235141e+129:
              		tmp = (t_3 * math.cos(((1.0 / y) - t_1))) - t_2
              	elif z < 3.516290613555987e+106:
              		tmp = ((math.sqrt(x) * 2.0) * math.cos((y - ((t / 3.0) * z)))) - t_2
              	else:
              		tmp = (math.cos((y - t_1)) * t_3) - ((a / b) / 3.0)
              	return tmp
              
              function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
              	t_1 = Float64(Float64(0.3333333333333333 / z) / t)
              	t_2 = Float64(Float64(a / 3.0) / b)
              	t_3 = Float64(2.0 * sqrt(x))
              	tmp = 0.0
              	if (z < -1.3793337487235141e+129)
              		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_3 * cos(Float64(Float64(1.0 / y) - t_1))) - t_2);
              	elseif (z < 3.516290613555987e+106)
              		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(sqrt(x) * 2.0) * cos(Float64(y - Float64(Float64(t / 3.0) * z)))) - t_2);
              	else
              		tmp = Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(y - t_1)) * t_3) - Float64(Float64(a / b) / 3.0));
              	end
              	return tmp
              end
              
              function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
              	t_1 = (0.3333333333333333 / z) / t;
              	t_2 = (a / 3.0) / b;
              	t_3 = 2.0 * sqrt(x);
              	tmp = 0.0;
              	if (z < -1.3793337487235141e+129)
              		tmp = (t_3 * cos(((1.0 / y) - t_1))) - t_2;
              	elseif (z < 3.516290613555987e+106)
              		tmp = ((sqrt(x) * 2.0) * cos((y - ((t / 3.0) * z)))) - t_2;
              	else
              		tmp = (cos((y - t_1)) * t_3) - ((a / b) / 3.0);
              	end
              	tmp_2 = tmp;
              end
              
              code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 / z), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(a / 3.0), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(2.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[z, -1.3793337487235141e+129], N[(N[(t$95$3 * N[Cos[N[(N[(1.0 / y), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], If[Less[z, 3.516290613555987e+106], N[(N[(N[(N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(y - N[(N[(t / 3.0), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(y - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision] / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \begin{array}{l}
              t_1 := \frac{\frac{0.3333333333333333}{z}}{t}\\
              t_2 := \frac{\frac{a}{3}}{b}\\
              t_3 := 2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\\
              \mathbf{if}\;z < -1.3793337487235141 \cdot 10^{+129}:\\
              \;\;\;\;t\_3 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{y} - t\_1\right) - t\_2\\
              
              \mathbf{elif}\;z < 3.516290613555987 \cdot 10^{+106}:\\
              \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{t}{3} \cdot z\right) - t\_2\\
              
              \mathbf{else}:\\
              \;\;\;\;\cos \left(y - t\_1\right) \cdot t\_3 - \frac{\frac{a}{b}}{3}\\
              
              
              \end{array}
              \end{array}
              

              Reproduce

              ?
              herbie shell --seed 2024235 
              (FPCore (x y z t a b)
                :name "Diagrams.Solve.Polynomial:cubForm  from diagrams-solve-0.1, K"
                :precision binary64
              
                :alt
                (! :herbie-platform default (if (< z -1379333748723514100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) (- (* (* 2 (sqrt x)) (cos (- (/ 1 y) (/ (/ 3333333333333333/10000000000000000 z) t)))) (/ (/ a 3) b)) (if (< z 35162906135559870000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) (- (* (* (sqrt x) 2) (cos (- y (* (/ t 3) z)))) (/ (/ a 3) b)) (- (* (cos (- y (/ (/ 3333333333333333/10000000000000000 z) t))) (* 2 (sqrt x))) (/ (/ a b) 3)))))
              
                (- (* (* 2.0 (sqrt x)) (cos (- y (/ (* z t) 3.0)))) (/ a (* b 3.0))))