
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 15 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.25f * expf((-r / s))) / (((2.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r)) + ((0.75f * expf((-r / (3.0f * s)))) / (((6.0f * ((float) M_PI)) * s) * r));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / s))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r)) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(Float32(-r) / Float32(Float32(3.0) * s)))) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(6.0) * Float32(pi)) * s) * r))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.25) * exp((-r / s))) / (((single(2.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)) + ((single(0.75) * exp((-r / (single(3.0) * s)))) / (((single(6.0) * single(pi)) * s) * r)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \pi\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.125 (exp (/ r (- s)))) (* r (* s PI))) (/ (/ (* 0.75 (/ (exp (/ r (* s -3.0))) r)) PI) (* s 6.0))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.125f * expf((r / -s))) / (r * (s * ((float) M_PI)))) + (((0.75f * (expf((r / (s * -3.0f))) / r)) / ((float) M_PI)) / (s * 6.0f));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) * exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s)))) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(pi)))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(s * Float32(-3.0)))) / r)) / Float32(pi)) / Float32(s * Float32(6.0)))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.125) * exp((r / -s))) / (r * (s * single(pi)))) + (((single(0.75) * (exp((r / (s * single(-3.0)))) / r)) / single(pi)) / (s * single(6.0))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125 \cdot e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)} + \frac{\frac{0.75 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{r}{s \cdot -3}}}{r}}{\pi}}{s \cdot 6}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
times-fracN/A
associate-*l/N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
associate-*l*N/A
associate-/r*N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
Applied rewrites99.5%
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
times-fracN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*l*N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-/r*N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lift-neg.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
distribute-frac-negN/A
distribute-frac-neg2N/A
lift-neg.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
Applied rewrites99.5%
Final simplification99.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* (exp (/ r (- s))) 0.25) (* r (* s (* PI 2.0)))) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ r (* s (- 3.0))))) (* r (* s (* PI 6.0))))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((expf((r / -s)) * 0.25f) / (r * (s * (((float) M_PI) * 2.0f)))) + ((0.75f * expf((r / (s * -3.0f)))) / (r * (s * (((float) M_PI) * 6.0f))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) * Float32(0.25)) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(0.75) * exp(Float32(r / Float32(s * Float32(-Float32(3.0)))))) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(6.0)))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((exp((r / -s)) * single(0.25)) / (r * (s * (single(pi) * single(2.0))))) + ((single(0.75) * exp((r / (s * -single(3.0))))) / (r * (s * (single(pi) * single(6.0))))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}} \cdot 0.25}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\right)} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{r}{s \cdot \left(-3\right)}}}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 6\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Final simplification99.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (/ (* 0.125 (/ (+ (exp (/ r (- s))) (exp (* r (/ -0.3333333333333333 s)))) r)) PI) s))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.125f * ((expf((r / -s)) + expf((r * (-0.3333333333333333f / s)))) / r)) / ((float) M_PI)) / s;
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) + exp(Float32(r * Float32(Float32(-0.3333333333333333) / s)))) / r)) / Float32(pi)) / s) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = ((single(0.125) * ((exp((r / -s)) + exp((r * (single(-0.3333333333333333) / s)))) / r)) / single(pi)) / s; end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.125 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}} + e^{r \cdot \frac{-0.3333333333333333}{s}}}{r}}{\pi}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Applied rewrites99.1%
Taylor expanded in r around inf
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-+.f32N/A
lower-exp.f32N/A
mul-1-negN/A
distribute-neg-frac2N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-neg.f32N/A
lower-exp.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-/.f3299.0
Applied rewrites99.0%
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
associate-*l/N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
associate-/r*N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
Applied rewrites99.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (* 0.125 (+ (exp (/ r (- s))) (exp (* -0.3333333333333333 (/ r s))))) (* r (* s PI))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f * (expf((r / -s)) + expf((-0.3333333333333333f * (r / s))))) / (r * (s * ((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) + exp(Float32(Float32(-0.3333333333333333) * Float32(r / s))))) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) * (exp((r / -s)) + exp((single(-0.3333333333333333) * (r / s))))) / (r * (s * single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125 \cdot \left(e^{\frac{r}{-s}} + e^{-0.3333333333333333 \cdot \frac{r}{s}}\right)}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Applied rewrites99.1%
Taylor expanded in r around inf
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r*N/A
distribute-lft-outN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
Applied rewrites99.4%
Final simplification99.4%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(+
(/ (* (exp (/ r (- s))) 0.25) (* r (* s (* PI 2.0))))
(/
(+
(/ 0.125 (* r PI))
(fma
r
(/ 0.006944444444444444 (* s (* s PI)))
(/ -0.041666666666666664 (* s PI))))
s)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((expf((r / -s)) * 0.25f) / (r * (s * (((float) M_PI) * 2.0f)))) + (((0.125f / (r * ((float) M_PI))) + fmaf(r, (0.006944444444444444f / (s * (s * ((float) M_PI)))), (-0.041666666666666664f / (s * ((float) M_PI))))) / s);
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) * Float32(0.25)) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(2.0))))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(r * Float32(pi))) + fma(r, Float32(Float32(0.006944444444444444) / Float32(s * Float32(s * Float32(pi)))), Float32(Float32(-0.041666666666666664) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))))) / s)) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}} \cdot 0.25}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(\pi \cdot 2\right)\right)} + \frac{\frac{0.125}{r \cdot \pi} + \mathsf{fma}\left(r, \frac{0.006944444444444444}{s \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)}, \frac{-0.041666666666666664}{s \cdot \pi}\right)}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
Applied rewrites11.5%
Final simplification11.5%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(+
(/ (* 0.125 (exp (/ r (- s)))) (* r (* s PI)))
(/
(+
(/ 0.125 (* r PI))
(fma
(/ r (* s (* s PI)))
0.006944444444444444
(/ -0.041666666666666664 (* s PI))))
s)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return ((0.125f * expf((r / -s))) / (r * (s * ((float) M_PI)))) + (((0.125f / (r * ((float) M_PI))) + fmaf((r / (s * (s * ((float) M_PI)))), 0.006944444444444444f, (-0.041666666666666664f / (s * ((float) M_PI))))) / s);
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) * exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s)))) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(pi)))) + Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(r * Float32(pi))) + fma(Float32(r / Float32(s * Float32(s * Float32(pi)))), Float32(0.006944444444444444), Float32(Float32(-0.041666666666666664) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))))) / s)) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125 \cdot e^{\frac{r}{-s}}}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)} + \frac{\frac{0.125}{r \cdot \pi} + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r}{s \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)}, 0.006944444444444444, \frac{-0.041666666666666664}{s \cdot \pi}\right)}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
times-fracN/A
associate-*l/N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
associate-*l*N/A
associate-/r*N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
Applied rewrites99.5%
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
times-fracN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*l*N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-/r*N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lift-neg.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
distribute-frac-negN/A
distribute-frac-neg2N/A
lift-neg.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
Applied rewrites99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
Applied rewrites11.5%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(*
(/ 0.125 (* s PI))
(/
(+
(exp (/ r (- s)))
(+
1.0
(/ (fma r -0.3333333333333333 (* 0.05555555555555555 (/ (* r r) s))) s)))
r)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI))) * ((expf((r / -s)) + (1.0f + (fmaf(r, -0.3333333333333333f, (0.05555555555555555f * ((r * r) / s))) / s))) / r);
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) + Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(fma(r, Float32(-0.3333333333333333), Float32(Float32(0.05555555555555555) * Float32(Float32(r * r) / s))) / s))) / r)) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi} \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}} + \left(1 + \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(r, -0.3333333333333333, 0.05555555555555555 \cdot \frac{r \cdot r}{s}\right)}{s}\right)}{r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Applied rewrites99.1%
Taylor expanded in r around inf
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-+.f32N/A
lower-exp.f32N/A
mul-1-negN/A
distribute-neg-frac2N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-neg.f32N/A
lower-exp.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-/.f3299.0
Applied rewrites99.0%
Applied rewrites99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf
Applied rewrites11.5%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(*
(/ 0.125 (* s PI))
(/
(+
(exp (/ r (- s)))
(fma
r
(fma r (/ 0.05555555555555555 (* s s)) (/ -0.3333333333333333 s))
1.0))
r)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI))) * ((expf((r / -s)) + fmaf(r, fmaf(r, (0.05555555555555555f / (s * s)), (-0.3333333333333333f / s)), 1.0f)) / r);
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) * Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(r / Float32(-s))) + fma(r, fma(r, Float32(Float32(0.05555555555555555) / Float32(s * s)), Float32(Float32(-0.3333333333333333) / s)), Float32(1.0))) / r)) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi} \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{r}{-s}} + \mathsf{fma}\left(r, \mathsf{fma}\left(r, \frac{0.05555555555555555}{s \cdot s}, \frac{-0.3333333333333333}{s}\right), 1\right)}{r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Applied rewrites99.1%
Taylor expanded in r around inf
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-+.f32N/A
lower-exp.f32N/A
mul-1-negN/A
distribute-neg-frac2N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-neg.f32N/A
lower-exp.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-/.f3299.0
Applied rewrites99.0%
Applied rewrites99.1%
Taylor expanded in r around 0
Applied rewrites11.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (* 0.125 (- (/ 2.0 r) (/ (fma (- r) (/ 0.5555555555555556 s) 1.3333333333333333) s))) (* s PI)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f * ((2.0f / r) - (fmaf(-r, (0.5555555555555556f / s), 1.3333333333333333f) / s))) / (s * ((float) M_PI));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) * Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) / r) - Float32(fma(Float32(-r), Float32(Float32(0.5555555555555556) / s), Float32(1.3333333333333333)) / s))) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125 \cdot \left(\frac{2}{r} - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-r, \frac{0.5555555555555556}{s}, 1.3333333333333333\right)}{s}\right)}{s \cdot \pi}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Applied rewrites99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
Applied rewrites11.1%
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
associate-*l/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-*.f3211.1
Applied rewrites11.1%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ 0.125 (* s PI)) (- (/ 2.0 r) (/ (fma r (/ -0.5555555555555556 s) 1.3333333333333333) s))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI))) * ((2.0f / r) - (fmaf(r, (-0.5555555555555556f / s), 1.3333333333333333f) / s));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) * Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) / r) - Float32(fma(r, Float32(Float32(-0.5555555555555556) / s), Float32(1.3333333333333333)) / s))) end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi} \cdot \left(\frac{2}{r} - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(r, \frac{-0.5555555555555556}{s}, 1.3333333333333333\right)}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Applied rewrites99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
Applied rewrites11.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
Applied rewrites11.1%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ 0.125 (* s PI)) (+ (/ 2.0 r) (/ -1.3333333333333333 s))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.125f / (s * ((float) M_PI))) * ((2.0f / r) + (-1.3333333333333333f / s));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.125) / Float32(s * Float32(pi))) * Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) / r) + Float32(Float32(-1.3333333333333333) / s))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.125) / (s * single(pi))) * ((single(2.0) / r) + (single(-1.3333333333333333) / s)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.125}{s \cdot \pi} \cdot \left(\frac{2}{r} + \frac{-1.3333333333333333}{s}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Applied rewrites99.1%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
sub-negN/A
lower-+.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
distribute-neg-fracN/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f3210.2
Applied rewrites10.2%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ 0.25 (* r (* s PI))) (/ -0.16666666666666666 (* s (* s PI)))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.25f / (r * (s * ((float) M_PI)))) + (-0.16666666666666666f / (s * (s * ((float) M_PI))));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(pi)))) + Float32(Float32(-0.16666666666666666) / Float32(s * Float32(s * Float32(pi))))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.25) / (r * (s * single(pi)))) + (single(-0.16666666666666666) / (s * (s * single(pi)))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)} + \frac{-0.16666666666666666}{s \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
div-subN/A
sub-negN/A
associate-/l*N/A
associate-/l/N/A
associate-*l*N/A
unpow2N/A
lower-+.f32N/A
Applied rewrites10.1%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (/ 0.25 PI) (* r s)))
float code(float s, float r) {
return (0.25f / ((float) M_PI)) / (r * s);
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(pi)) / Float32(r * s)) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = (single(0.25) / single(pi)) / (r * s); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{\pi}}{r \cdot s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around 0
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f3210.0
Applied rewrites10.0%
Applied rewrites10.1%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* PI (* r s))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / (((float) M_PI) * (r * s));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(Float32(pi) * Float32(r * s))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / (single(pi) * (r * s)); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\pi \cdot \left(r \cdot s\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around 0
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f3210.0
Applied rewrites10.0%
Applied rewrites10.1%
Final simplification10.1%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* r (* s PI))))
float code(float s, float r) {
return 0.25f / (r * (s * ((float) M_PI)));
}
function code(s, r) return Float32(Float32(0.25) / Float32(r * Float32(s * Float32(pi)))) end
function tmp = code(s, r) tmp = single(0.25) / (r * (s * single(pi))); end
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{r \cdot \left(s \cdot \pi\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in r around 0
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f3210.0
Applied rewrites10.0%
herbie shell --seed 2024234
(FPCore (s r)
:name "Disney BSSRDF, PDF of scattering profile"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 256.0)) (and (< 1e-6 r) (< r 1000000.0)))
(+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 PI) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 PI) s) r))))