HairBSDF, Mp, upper

Percentage Accurate: 98.5% → 98.9%
Time: 20.1s
Alternatives: 17
Speedup: 1.8×

Specification

?
\[\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(-1 \leq cosTheta\_i \land cosTheta\_i \leq 1\right) \land \left(-1 \leq cosTheta\_O \land cosTheta\_O \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(-1 \leq sinTheta\_i \land sinTheta\_i \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(-1 \leq sinTheta\_O \land sinTheta\_O \leq 1\right)\right) \land 0.1 < v\right) \land v \leq 1.5707964\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (/
  (* (exp (- (/ (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) v))) (/ (* cosTheta_i cosTheta_O) v))
  (* (* (sinh (/ 1.0 v)) 2.0) v)))
float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return (expf(-((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) * ((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v)) / ((sinhf((1.0f / v)) * 2.0f) * v);
}
real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = (exp(-((sintheta_i * sintheta_o) / v)) * ((costheta_i * costheta_o) / v)) / ((sinh((1.0e0 / v)) * 2.0e0) * v)
end function
function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(-Float32(Float32(sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v))) * Float32(Float32(cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v)) / Float32(Float32(sinh(Float32(Float32(1.0) / v)) * Float32(2.0)) * v))
end
function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = (exp(-((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) * ((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v)) / ((sinh((single(1.0) / v)) * single(2.0)) * v);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 17 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 98.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (/
  (* (exp (- (/ (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) v))) (/ (* cosTheta_i cosTheta_O) v))
  (* (* (sinh (/ 1.0 v)) 2.0) v)))
float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return (expf(-((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) * ((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v)) / ((sinhf((1.0f / v)) * 2.0f) * v);
}
real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = (exp(-((sintheta_i * sintheta_o) / v)) * ((costheta_i * costheta_o) / v)) / ((sinh((1.0e0 / v)) * 2.0e0) * v)
end function
function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(-Float32(Float32(sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v))) * Float32(Float32(cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v)) / Float32(Float32(sinh(Float32(Float32(1.0) / v)) * Float32(2.0)) * v))
end
function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = (exp(-((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) * ((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v)) / ((sinh((single(1.0) / v)) * single(2.0)) * v);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 98.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right| \\ cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right) \\ cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right| \\ cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right) \\ [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i\_m \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{-v}}}{v}\right)}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{0.5}{v}}}\right) \end{array} \]
cosTheta_O\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_O\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_i\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_i)
NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (cosTheta_i_s cosTheta_O_s cosTheta_i_m cosTheta_O_m sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  cosTheta_i_s
  (*
   cosTheta_O_s
   (/
    (*
     cosTheta_O_m
     (* cosTheta_i_m (/ (exp (/ (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) (- v))) v)))
    (/ (sinh (/ 1.0 v)) (/ 0.5 v))))))
cosTheta_O\_m = fabs(cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_i\_m = fabs(cosTheta_i);
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i);
assert(cosTheta_i_m < cosTheta_O_m && cosTheta_O_m < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
float code(float cosTheta_i_s, float cosTheta_O_s, float cosTheta_i_m, float cosTheta_O_m, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * ((cosTheta_O_m * (cosTheta_i_m * (expf(((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / -v)) / v))) / (sinhf((1.0f / v)) / (0.5f / v))));
}
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(costheta_o)
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_o)
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(costheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_i)
NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(4) function code(costheta_i_s, costheta_o_s, costheta_i_m, costheta_o_m, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_s
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_s
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_m
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_m
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = costheta_i_s * (costheta_o_s * ((costheta_o_m * (costheta_i_m * (exp(((sintheta_i * sintheta_o) / -v)) / v))) / (sinh((1.0e0 / v)) / (0.5e0 / v))))
end function
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
function code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(cosTheta_i_s * Float32(cosTheta_O_s * Float32(Float32(cosTheta_O_m * Float32(cosTheta_i_m * Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / Float32(-v))) / v))) / Float32(sinh(Float32(Float32(1.0) / v)) / Float32(Float32(0.5) / v)))))
end
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_O\_s = sign(cosTheta_O) * abs(1.0);
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i);
cosTheta_i\_s = sign(cosTheta_i) * abs(1.0);
cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
function tmp = code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * ((cosTheta_O_m * (cosTheta_i_m * (exp(((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / -v)) / v))) / (sinh((single(1.0) / v)) / (single(0.5) / v))));
end
\begin{array}{l}
cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right|
\\
cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right)
\\
cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right|
\\
cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right)
\\
[cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
\\
cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i\_m \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{-v}}}{v}\right)}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{0.5}{v}}}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.7%

    \[\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    3. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    4. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \frac{1}{v}\right)} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    5. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{v}}\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    6. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    7. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    9. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    10. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    11. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    12. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{v}\right)}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    13. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{v}}\right)\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    14. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{v}}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    15. lower-/.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}}{v}}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    16. lift-neg.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    17. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}\right)}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    18. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    19. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    20. lower-neg.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{-v}}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  4. Applied rewrites98.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{-v}}}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v}} \]
    2. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot v} \]
    3. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(v \cdot 2\right)}} \]
    5. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}}}\right)} \]
    6. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{v}{\frac{1}{2}}}} \]
    7. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}}} \]
    8. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}}} \]
    9. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}}} \]
    10. lower-/.f3299.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{-v}}}{v}\right)}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{v}}}} \]
  6. Applied rewrites99.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{-v}}}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{0.5}{v}}}} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.6% accurate, 1.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right| \\ cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right) \\ cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right| \\ cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right) \\ [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{v} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot cosTheta\_i\_m\right)}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{0.5}{v}}}\right) \end{array} \]
cosTheta_O\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_O\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_i\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_i)
NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (cosTheta_i_s cosTheta_O_s cosTheta_i_m cosTheta_O_m sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  cosTheta_i_s
  (*
   cosTheta_O_s
   (/
    (* (/ 1.0 v) (* cosTheta_O_m cosTheta_i_m))
    (/ (sinh (/ 1.0 v)) (/ 0.5 v))))))
cosTheta_O\_m = fabs(cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_i\_m = fabs(cosTheta_i);
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i);
assert(cosTheta_i_m < cosTheta_O_m && cosTheta_O_m < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
float code(float cosTheta_i_s, float cosTheta_O_s, float cosTheta_i_m, float cosTheta_O_m, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * (((1.0f / v) * (cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m)) / (sinhf((1.0f / v)) / (0.5f / v))));
}
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(costheta_o)
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_o)
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(costheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_i)
NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(4) function code(costheta_i_s, costheta_o_s, costheta_i_m, costheta_o_m, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_s
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_s
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_m
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_m
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = costheta_i_s * (costheta_o_s * (((1.0e0 / v) * (costheta_o_m * costheta_i_m)) / (sinh((1.0e0 / v)) / (0.5e0 / v))))
end function
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
function code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(cosTheta_i_s * Float32(cosTheta_O_s * Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / v) * Float32(cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m)) / Float32(sinh(Float32(Float32(1.0) / v)) / Float32(Float32(0.5) / v)))))
end
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_O\_s = sign(cosTheta_O) * abs(1.0);
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i);
cosTheta_i\_s = sign(cosTheta_i) * abs(1.0);
cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
function tmp = code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * (((single(1.0) / v) * (cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m)) / (sinh((single(1.0) / v)) / (single(0.5) / v))));
end
\begin{array}{l}
cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right|
\\
cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right)
\\
cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right|
\\
cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right)
\\
[cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
\\
cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{v} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot cosTheta\_i\_m\right)}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{0.5}{v}}}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.7%

    \[\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    3. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    4. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \frac{1}{v}\right)} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    5. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{v}}\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    6. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    7. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    9. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    10. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    11. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    12. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{v}\right)}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    13. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{v}}\right)\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    14. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{v}}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    15. lower-/.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}}{v}}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    16. lift-neg.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    17. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}\right)}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    18. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    19. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    20. lower-neg.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{-v}}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  4. Applied rewrites98.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{-v}}}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v}} \]
    2. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot v} \]
    3. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(v \cdot 2\right)}} \]
    5. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}}}\right)} \]
    6. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{v}{\frac{1}{2}}}} \]
    7. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}}} \]
    8. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}}} \]
    9. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}}} \]
    10. lower-/.f3299.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{-v}}}{v}\right)}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{v}}}} \]
  6. Applied rewrites99.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{-v}}}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{0.5}{v}}}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right) \cdot cosTheta\_O}}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}} \]
    3. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)} \cdot cosTheta\_O}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)} \cdot cosTheta\_O}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}} \]
    5. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)}}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}} \]
    6. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)}}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}} \]
    7. lower-*.f3299.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{-v}}}{v} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)}}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{0.5}{v}}} \]
    8. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{e^{\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}}{v} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}} \]
    9. lift-neg.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}}{v} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}} \]
    10. distribute-frac-neg2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}}{v} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}} \]
    11. distribute-neg-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{e^{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O\right)}{v}}}}{v} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}} \]
    12. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{e^{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O\right)}{v}}}}{v} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}} \]
    13. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}\right)}{v}}}{v} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}} \]
    14. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{e^{\frac{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(sinTheta\_O\right)\right)}}{v}}}{v} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}} \]
    15. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{e^{\frac{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(sinTheta\_O\right)\right)}}{v}}}{v} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}} \]
    16. lower-neg.f3299.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-sinTheta\_O\right)}}{v}}}{v} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{0.5}{v}}} \]
    17. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(sinTheta\_O\right)\right)}{v}}}{v} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)}}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}} \]
    18. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(sinTheta\_O\right)\right)}{v}}}{v} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}} \]
    19. lift-*.f3299.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot \left(-sinTheta\_O\right)}{v}}}{v} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{0.5}{v}}} \]
  8. Applied rewrites99.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot \left(-sinTheta\_O\right)}{v}}}{v} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{0.5}{v}}} \]
  9. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{v}} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f3299.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{v}} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{0.5}{v}}} \]
  11. Applied rewrites99.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{v}} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{0.5}{v}}} \]
  12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.5% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right| \\ cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right) \\ cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right| \\ cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right) \\ [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i\_m}{v}}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{0.5}{v}}}\right) \end{array} \]
cosTheta_O\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_O\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_i\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_i)
NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (cosTheta_i_s cosTheta_O_s cosTheta_i_m cosTheta_O_m sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  cosTheta_i_s
  (*
   cosTheta_O_s
   (/ (* cosTheta_O_m (/ cosTheta_i_m v)) (/ (sinh (/ 1.0 v)) (/ 0.5 v))))))
cosTheta_O\_m = fabs(cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_i\_m = fabs(cosTheta_i);
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i);
assert(cosTheta_i_m < cosTheta_O_m && cosTheta_O_m < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
float code(float cosTheta_i_s, float cosTheta_O_s, float cosTheta_i_m, float cosTheta_O_m, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * ((cosTheta_O_m * (cosTheta_i_m / v)) / (sinhf((1.0f / v)) / (0.5f / v))));
}
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(costheta_o)
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_o)
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(costheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_i)
NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(4) function code(costheta_i_s, costheta_o_s, costheta_i_m, costheta_o_m, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_s
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_s
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_m
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_m
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = costheta_i_s * (costheta_o_s * ((costheta_o_m * (costheta_i_m / v)) / (sinh((1.0e0 / v)) / (0.5e0 / v))))
end function
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
function code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(cosTheta_i_s * Float32(cosTheta_O_s * Float32(Float32(cosTheta_O_m * Float32(cosTheta_i_m / v)) / Float32(sinh(Float32(Float32(1.0) / v)) / Float32(Float32(0.5) / v)))))
end
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_O\_s = sign(cosTheta_O) * abs(1.0);
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i);
cosTheta_i\_s = sign(cosTheta_i) * abs(1.0);
cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
function tmp = code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * ((cosTheta_O_m * (cosTheta_i_m / v)) / (sinh((single(1.0) / v)) / (single(0.5) / v))));
end
\begin{array}{l}
cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right|
\\
cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right)
\\
cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right|
\\
cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right)
\\
[cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
\\
cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i\_m}{v}}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{0.5}{v}}}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.7%

    \[\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    3. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    4. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \frac{1}{v}\right)} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    5. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{v}}\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    6. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    7. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    9. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    10. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    11. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    12. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{v}\right)}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    13. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{v}}\right)\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    14. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{v}}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    15. lower-/.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}}{v}}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    16. lift-neg.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    17. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}\right)}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    18. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    19. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    20. lower-neg.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{-v}}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  4. Applied rewrites98.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{-v}}}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v}} \]
    2. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot v} \]
    3. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot v\right)}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(v \cdot 2\right)}} \]
    5. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{2}}}\right)} \]
    6. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{v}{\frac{1}{2}}}} \]
    7. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}}} \]
    8. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}}} \]
    9. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}}} \]
    10. lower-/.f3299.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{-v}}}{v}\right)}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{v}}}} \]
  6. Applied rewrites99.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{-v}}}{v}\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{0.5}{v}}}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v}}}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v}}}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{0.5}{v}}} \]
  9. Applied rewrites98.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v}}}{\frac{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right)}{\frac{0.5}{v}}} \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 98.6% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right| \\ cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right) \\ cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right| \\ cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right) \\ [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i\_m \cdot \frac{1}{v}\right)}{v \cdot \left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right)}\right) \end{array} \]
cosTheta_O\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_O\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_i\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_i)
NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (cosTheta_i_s cosTheta_O_s cosTheta_i_m cosTheta_O_m sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  cosTheta_i_s
  (*
   cosTheta_O_s
   (/
    (* cosTheta_O_m (* cosTheta_i_m (/ 1.0 v)))
    (* v (* (sinh (/ 1.0 v)) 2.0))))))
cosTheta_O\_m = fabs(cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_i\_m = fabs(cosTheta_i);
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i);
assert(cosTheta_i_m < cosTheta_O_m && cosTheta_O_m < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
float code(float cosTheta_i_s, float cosTheta_O_s, float cosTheta_i_m, float cosTheta_O_m, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * ((cosTheta_O_m * (cosTheta_i_m * (1.0f / v))) / (v * (sinhf((1.0f / v)) * 2.0f))));
}
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(costheta_o)
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_o)
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(costheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_i)
NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(4) function code(costheta_i_s, costheta_o_s, costheta_i_m, costheta_o_m, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_s
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_s
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_m
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_m
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = costheta_i_s * (costheta_o_s * ((costheta_o_m * (costheta_i_m * (1.0e0 / v))) / (v * (sinh((1.0e0 / v)) * 2.0e0))))
end function
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
function code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(cosTheta_i_s * Float32(cosTheta_O_s * Float32(Float32(cosTheta_O_m * Float32(cosTheta_i_m * Float32(Float32(1.0) / v))) / Float32(v * Float32(sinh(Float32(Float32(1.0) / v)) * Float32(2.0))))))
end
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_O\_s = sign(cosTheta_O) * abs(1.0);
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i);
cosTheta_i\_s = sign(cosTheta_i) * abs(1.0);
cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
function tmp = code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * ((cosTheta_O_m * (cosTheta_i_m * (single(1.0) / v))) / (v * (sinh((single(1.0) / v)) * single(2.0)))));
end
\begin{array}{l}
cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right|
\\
cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right)
\\
cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right|
\\
cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right)
\\
[cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
\\
cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i\_m \cdot \frac{1}{v}\right)}{v \cdot \left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right)}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.7%

    \[\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    3. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    4. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \frac{1}{v}\right)} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    5. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{v}}\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    6. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    7. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    9. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    10. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    11. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    12. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{v}\right)}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    13. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{v}}\right)\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    14. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{v}}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    15. lower-/.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}}{v}}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    16. lift-neg.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    17. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}\right)}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    18. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    19. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    20. lower-neg.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{-v}}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  4. Applied rewrites98.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{-v}}}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{v}}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f3298.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{v}}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  7. Applied rewrites98.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{v}}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  8. Final simplification98.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{1}{v}\right)}{v \cdot \left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right)} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 98.4% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right| \\ cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right) \\ cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right| \\ cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right) \\ [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i\_m}{v}}{v \cdot \left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right)}\right) \end{array} \]
cosTheta_O\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_O\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_i\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_i)
NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (cosTheta_i_s cosTheta_O_s cosTheta_i_m cosTheta_O_m sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  cosTheta_i_s
  (*
   cosTheta_O_s
   (/ (* cosTheta_O_m (/ cosTheta_i_m v)) (* v (* (sinh (/ 1.0 v)) 2.0))))))
cosTheta_O\_m = fabs(cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_i\_m = fabs(cosTheta_i);
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i);
assert(cosTheta_i_m < cosTheta_O_m && cosTheta_O_m < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
float code(float cosTheta_i_s, float cosTheta_O_s, float cosTheta_i_m, float cosTheta_O_m, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * ((cosTheta_O_m * (cosTheta_i_m / v)) / (v * (sinhf((1.0f / v)) * 2.0f))));
}
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(costheta_o)
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_o)
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(costheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_i)
NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(4) function code(costheta_i_s, costheta_o_s, costheta_i_m, costheta_o_m, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_s
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_s
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_m
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_m
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = costheta_i_s * (costheta_o_s * ((costheta_o_m * (costheta_i_m / v)) / (v * (sinh((1.0e0 / v)) * 2.0e0))))
end function
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
function code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(cosTheta_i_s * Float32(cosTheta_O_s * Float32(Float32(cosTheta_O_m * Float32(cosTheta_i_m / v)) / Float32(v * Float32(sinh(Float32(Float32(1.0) / v)) * Float32(2.0))))))
end
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_O\_s = sign(cosTheta_O) * abs(1.0);
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i);
cosTheta_i\_s = sign(cosTheta_i) * abs(1.0);
cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
function tmp = code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * ((cosTheta_O_m * (cosTheta_i_m / v)) / (v * (sinh((single(1.0) / v)) * single(2.0)))));
end
\begin{array}{l}
cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right|
\\
cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right)
\\
cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right|
\\
cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right)
\\
[cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
\\
cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i\_m}{v}}{v \cdot \left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right)}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.7%

    \[\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    3. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    4. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \frac{1}{v}\right)} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    5. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{v}}\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    6. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    7. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    9. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    10. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    11. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    12. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{v}\right)}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    13. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{v}}\right)\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    14. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{v}}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    15. lower-/.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}}{v}}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    16. lift-neg.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    17. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}\right)}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    18. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    19. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    20. lower-neg.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{-v}}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  4. Applied rewrites98.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{-v}}}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f3298.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  7. Applied rewrites98.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  8. Final simplification98.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i}{v}}{v \cdot \left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right)} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 98.3% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right| \\ cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right) \\ cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right| \\ cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right) \\ [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{\frac{cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot cosTheta\_i\_m}{v}}{v \cdot \left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right)}\right) \end{array} \]
cosTheta_O\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_O\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_i\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_i)
NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (cosTheta_i_s cosTheta_O_s cosTheta_i_m cosTheta_O_m sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  cosTheta_i_s
  (*
   cosTheta_O_s
   (/ (/ (* cosTheta_O_m cosTheta_i_m) v) (* v (* (sinh (/ 1.0 v)) 2.0))))))
cosTheta_O\_m = fabs(cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_i\_m = fabs(cosTheta_i);
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i);
assert(cosTheta_i_m < cosTheta_O_m && cosTheta_O_m < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
float code(float cosTheta_i_s, float cosTheta_O_s, float cosTheta_i_m, float cosTheta_O_m, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * (((cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m) / v) / (v * (sinhf((1.0f / v)) * 2.0f))));
}
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(costheta_o)
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_o)
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(costheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_i)
NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(4) function code(costheta_i_s, costheta_o_s, costheta_i_m, costheta_o_m, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_s
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_s
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_m
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_m
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = costheta_i_s * (costheta_o_s * (((costheta_o_m * costheta_i_m) / v) / (v * (sinh((1.0e0 / v)) * 2.0e0))))
end function
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
function code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(cosTheta_i_s * Float32(cosTheta_O_s * Float32(Float32(Float32(cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m) / v) / Float32(v * Float32(sinh(Float32(Float32(1.0) / v)) * Float32(2.0))))))
end
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_O\_s = sign(cosTheta_O) * abs(1.0);
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i);
cosTheta_i\_s = sign(cosTheta_i) * abs(1.0);
cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
function tmp = code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * (((cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m) / v) / (v * (sinh((single(1.0) / v)) * single(2.0)))));
end
\begin{array}{l}
cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right|
\\
cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right)
\\
cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right|
\\
cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right)
\\
[cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
\\
cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{\frac{cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot cosTheta\_i\_m}{v}}{v \cdot \left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right)}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.7%

    \[\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    2. lower-*.f3298.6

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  5. Applied rewrites98.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  6. Final simplification98.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}}{v \cdot \left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right)} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 63.7% accurate, 2.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right| \\ cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right) \\ cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right| \\ cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right) \\ [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i\_m}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, sinTheta\_O \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)\right), 0.16666666666666666\right)}{v \cdot v}\right), 2\right)}{v}}}{v \cdot v}\right) \end{array} \]
cosTheta_O\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_O\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_i\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_i)
NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (cosTheta_i_s cosTheta_O_s cosTheta_i_m cosTheta_O_m sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  cosTheta_i_s
  (*
   cosTheta_O_s
   (/
    (*
     cosTheta_O_m
     (/
      cosTheta_i_m
      (/
       (fma
        2.0
        (fma
         sinTheta_i
         (/ sinTheta_O v)
         (/
          (fma
           sinTheta_O
           (* sinTheta_O (* 0.5 (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_i)))
           0.16666666666666666)
          (* v v)))
        2.0)
       v)))
    (* v v)))))
cosTheta_O\_m = fabs(cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_i\_m = fabs(cosTheta_i);
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i);
assert(cosTheta_i_m < cosTheta_O_m && cosTheta_O_m < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
float code(float cosTheta_i_s, float cosTheta_O_s, float cosTheta_i_m, float cosTheta_O_m, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * ((cosTheta_O_m * (cosTheta_i_m / (fmaf(2.0f, fmaf(sinTheta_i, (sinTheta_O / v), (fmaf(sinTheta_O, (sinTheta_O * (0.5f * (sinTheta_i * sinTheta_i))), 0.16666666666666666f) / (v * v))), 2.0f) / v))) / (v * v)));
}
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
function code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(cosTheta_i_s * Float32(cosTheta_O_s * Float32(Float32(cosTheta_O_m * Float32(cosTheta_i_m / Float32(fma(Float32(2.0), fma(sinTheta_i, Float32(sinTheta_O / v), Float32(fma(sinTheta_O, Float32(sinTheta_O * Float32(Float32(0.5) * Float32(sinTheta_i * sinTheta_i))), Float32(0.16666666666666666)) / Float32(v * v))), Float32(2.0)) / v))) / Float32(v * v))))
end
\begin{array}{l}
cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right|
\\
cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right)
\\
cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right|
\\
cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right)
\\
[cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
\\
cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i\_m}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, sinTheta\_O \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)\right), 0.16666666666666666\right)}{v \cdot v}\right), 2\right)}{v}}}{v \cdot v}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.7%

    \[\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v}} \]
    2. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    3. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\color{blue}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v}} \]
    4. times-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{v}} \]
    5. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}}{v} \]
    6. associate-/l/N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v \cdot v}} \]
    7. lift-exp.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v \cdot v} \]
    8. lift-neg.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v \cdot v} \]
    9. exp-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}}}}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v \cdot v} \]
    10. associate-/l/N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v \cdot v} \]
    11. frac-timesN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)}{\left(\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites98.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{\left(\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in v around inf

    \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{\frac{2 + \left(2 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v} + 2 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({sinTheta\_O}^{2} \cdot {sinTheta\_i}^{2}\right)}{{v}^{2}}\right)}{v}} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{\frac{2 + \left(2 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v} + 2 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({sinTheta\_O}^{2} \cdot {sinTheta\_i}^{2}\right)}{{v}^{2}}\right)}{v}} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \]
  7. Applied rewrites65.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i\right), sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O, 0.16666666666666666\right)}{v \cdot v}\right), 2\right)}{v}} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i\right), sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O, \frac{1}{6}\right)}{v \cdot v}\right), 2\right)}{v} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \]
    2. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i\right), sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O, \frac{1}{6}\right)}{v \cdot v}\right), 2\right)}{v} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \]
    3. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i\right), sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O, \frac{1}{6}\right)}{v \cdot v}\right), 2\right)}{v} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \]
    4. times-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i\right), sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O, \frac{1}{6}\right)}{v \cdot v}\right), 2\right)}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v \cdot v}} \]
    5. associate-*r/N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i\right), sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O, \frac{1}{6}\right)}{v \cdot v}\right), 2\right)}{v}} \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v \cdot v}} \]
    6. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i\right), sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O, \frac{1}{6}\right)}{v \cdot v}\right), 2\right)}{v}} \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v \cdot v}} \]
  9. Applied rewrites65.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, sinTheta\_O \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)\right), 0.16666666666666666\right)}{v \cdot v}\right), 2\right)}{v}} \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v \cdot v}} \]
  10. Final simplification65.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, sinTheta\_O \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)\right), 0.16666666666666666\right)}{v \cdot v}\right), 2\right)}{v}}}{v \cdot v} \]
  11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 63.6% accurate, 3.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right| \\ cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right) \\ cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right| \\ cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right) \\ [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot cosTheta\_i\_m\right) \cdot -0.5}{-\mathsf{fma}\left(v, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, sinTheta\_i, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O\right), sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i, 0.16666666666666666\right)}{v}\right)}{v}, v\right)}\right) \end{array} \]
cosTheta_O\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_O\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_i\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_i)
NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (cosTheta_i_s cosTheta_O_s cosTheta_i_m cosTheta_O_m sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  cosTheta_i_s
  (*
   cosTheta_O_s
   (/
    (* (* cosTheta_O_m cosTheta_i_m) -0.5)
    (-
     (fma
      v
      (/
       (fma
        sinTheta_O
        sinTheta_i
        (/
         (fma
          (* 0.5 (* sinTheta_O sinTheta_O))
          (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_i)
          0.16666666666666666)
         v))
       v)
      v))))))
cosTheta_O\_m = fabs(cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_i\_m = fabs(cosTheta_i);
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i);
assert(cosTheta_i_m < cosTheta_O_m && cosTheta_O_m < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
float code(float cosTheta_i_s, float cosTheta_O_s, float cosTheta_i_m, float cosTheta_O_m, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * (((cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m) * -0.5f) / -fmaf(v, (fmaf(sinTheta_O, sinTheta_i, (fmaf((0.5f * (sinTheta_O * sinTheta_O)), (sinTheta_i * sinTheta_i), 0.16666666666666666f) / v)) / v), v)));
}
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
function code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(cosTheta_i_s * Float32(cosTheta_O_s * Float32(Float32(Float32(cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m) * Float32(-0.5)) / Float32(-fma(v, Float32(fma(sinTheta_O, sinTheta_i, Float32(fma(Float32(Float32(0.5) * Float32(sinTheta_O * sinTheta_O)), Float32(sinTheta_i * sinTheta_i), Float32(0.16666666666666666)) / v)) / v), v)))))
end
\begin{array}{l}
cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right|
\\
cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right)
\\
cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right|
\\
cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right)
\\
[cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
\\
cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot cosTheta\_i\_m\right) \cdot -0.5}{-\mathsf{fma}\left(v, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, sinTheta\_i, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O\right), sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i, 0.16666666666666666\right)}{v}\right)}{v}, v\right)}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.7%

    \[\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    3. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    4. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \frac{1}{v}\right)} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    5. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{v}}\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    6. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    7. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    9. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    10. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    11. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\frac{1}{v} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}\right)\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    12. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{v}\right)}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    13. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{v}}\right)\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    14. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{v}}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    15. lower-/.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}}{v}}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    16. lift-neg.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    17. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}\right)}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    18. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    19. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v\right)}}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    20. lower-neg.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{-v}}}}{v}\right)}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  4. Applied rewrites98.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{-v}}}{v}\right)}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  5. Applied rewrites98.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot -0.5}{\left(v \cdot e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot \sinh \left(\frac{-1}{v}\right)\right)}} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in v around -inf

    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(v \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) + -1 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({sinTheta\_O}^{2} \cdot {sinTheta\_i}^{2}\right)}{v}}{v}\right)\right)}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) + -1 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({sinTheta\_O}^{2} \cdot {sinTheta\_i}^{2}\right)}{v}}{v}\right)\right)}} \]
    2. lower-neg.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) + -1 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({sinTheta\_O}^{2} \cdot {sinTheta\_i}^{2}\right)}{v}}{v}\right)\right)}} \]
    3. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(v \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) + -1 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({sinTheta\_O}^{2} \cdot {sinTheta\_i}^{2}\right)}{v}}{v} + 1\right)}\right)} \]
    4. distribute-lft-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(v \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) + -1 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({sinTheta\_O}^{2} \cdot {sinTheta\_i}^{2}\right)}{v}}{v}\right) + v \cdot 1\right)}\right)} \]
    5. *-rgt-identityN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(v \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) + -1 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({sinTheta\_O}^{2} \cdot {sinTheta\_i}^{2}\right)}{v}}{v}\right) + \color{blue}{v}\right)\right)} \]
    6. lower-fma.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, -1 \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) + -1 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({sinTheta\_O}^{2} \cdot {sinTheta\_i}^{2}\right)}{v}}{v}, v\right)}\right)} \]
  8. Applied rewrites65.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot -0.5}{\color{blue}{-\mathsf{fma}\left(v, \frac{-\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, sinTheta\_i, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O\right), sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i, 0.16666666666666666\right)}{v}\right)}{-v}, v\right)}} \]
  9. Final simplification65.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot -0.5}{-\mathsf{fma}\left(v, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, sinTheta\_i, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O\right), sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i, 0.16666666666666666\right)}{v}\right)}{v}, v\right)} \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 63.6% accurate, 4.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right| \\ cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right) \\ cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right| \\ cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right) \\ [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot cosTheta\_i\_m}{\left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot \frac{2 + \frac{0.3333333333333333}{v \cdot v}}{v}}\right) \end{array} \]
cosTheta_O\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_O\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_i\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_i)
NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (cosTheta_i_s cosTheta_O_s cosTheta_i_m cosTheta_O_m sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (*
  cosTheta_i_s
  (*
   cosTheta_O_s
   (/
    (* cosTheta_O_m cosTheta_i_m)
    (* (* v v) (/ (+ 2.0 (/ 0.3333333333333333 (* v v))) v))))))
cosTheta_O\_m = fabs(cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_i\_m = fabs(cosTheta_i);
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i);
assert(cosTheta_i_m < cosTheta_O_m && cosTheta_O_m < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
float code(float cosTheta_i_s, float cosTheta_O_s, float cosTheta_i_m, float cosTheta_O_m, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * ((cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m) / ((v * v) * ((2.0f + (0.3333333333333333f / (v * v))) / v))));
}
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(costheta_o)
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_o)
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(costheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_i)
NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(4) function code(costheta_i_s, costheta_o_s, costheta_i_m, costheta_o_m, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_s
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_s
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_m
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_m
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = costheta_i_s * (costheta_o_s * ((costheta_o_m * costheta_i_m) / ((v * v) * ((2.0e0 + (0.3333333333333333e0 / (v * v))) / v))))
end function
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O)
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i)
cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
function code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(cosTheta_i_s * Float32(cosTheta_O_s * Float32(Float32(cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m) / Float32(Float32(v * v) * Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) + Float32(Float32(0.3333333333333333) / Float32(v * v))) / v)))))
end
cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O);
cosTheta_O\_s = sign(cosTheta_O) * abs(1.0);
cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i);
cosTheta_i\_s = sign(cosTheta_i) * abs(1.0);
cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
function tmp = code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * ((cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m) / ((v * v) * ((single(2.0) + (single(0.3333333333333333) / (v * v))) / v))));
end
\begin{array}{l}
cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right|
\\
cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right)
\\
cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right|
\\
cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right)
\\
[cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
\\
cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot cosTheta\_i\_m}{\left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot \frac{2 + \frac{0.3333333333333333}{v \cdot v}}{v}}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.7%

    \[\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v}} \]
    2. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    3. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\color{blue}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v}} \]
    4. times-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{v}} \]
    5. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}}{v} \]
    6. associate-/l/N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v \cdot v}} \]
    7. lift-exp.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v \cdot v} \]
    8. lift-neg.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v \cdot v} \]
    9. exp-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}}}}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v \cdot v} \]
    10. associate-/l/N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v \cdot v} \]
    11. frac-timesN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)}{\left(\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites98.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{\left(\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in v around inf

    \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{\frac{2 + \left(2 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v} + 2 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({sinTheta\_O}^{2} \cdot {sinTheta\_i}^{2}\right)}{{v}^{2}}\right)}{v}} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{\frac{2 + \left(2 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v} + 2 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({sinTheta\_O}^{2} \cdot {sinTheta\_i}^{2}\right)}{{v}^{2}}\right)}{v}} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \]
  7. Applied rewrites65.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i\right), sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O, 0.16666666666666666\right)}{v \cdot v}\right), 2\right)}{v}} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \]
  8. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_O around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{\frac{2 + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{{v}^{2}}}{v} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites65.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{\frac{2 + \frac{0.3333333333333333}{v \cdot v}}{v} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. Final simplification65.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{\left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot \frac{2 + \frac{0.3333333333333333}{v \cdot v}}{v}} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 10: 63.6% accurate, 4.8× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right| \\ cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right) \\ cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right| \\ cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right) \\ [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i\_m}{\left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot \frac{2 + \frac{0.3333333333333333}{v \cdot v}}{v}}\right)\right) \end{array} \]
    cosTheta_O\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_O)
    cosTheta_O\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_O)
    cosTheta_i\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_i)
    cosTheta_i\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_i)
    NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    (FPCore (cosTheta_i_s cosTheta_O_s cosTheta_i_m cosTheta_O_m sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
     :precision binary32
     (*
      cosTheta_i_s
      (*
       cosTheta_O_s
       (*
        cosTheta_O_m
        (/
         cosTheta_i_m
         (* (* v v) (/ (+ 2.0 (/ 0.3333333333333333 (* v v))) v)))))))
    cosTheta_O\_m = fabs(cosTheta_O);
    cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O);
    cosTheta_i\_m = fabs(cosTheta_i);
    cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i);
    assert(cosTheta_i_m < cosTheta_O_m && cosTheta_O_m < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
    float code(float cosTheta_i_s, float cosTheta_O_s, float cosTheta_i_m, float cosTheta_O_m, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
    	return cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * (cosTheta_O_m * (cosTheta_i_m / ((v * v) * ((2.0f + (0.3333333333333333f / (v * v))) / v)))));
    }
    
    cosTheta_O\_m = abs(costheta_o)
    cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_o)
    cosTheta_i\_m = abs(costheta_i)
    cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_i)
    NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    real(4) function code(costheta_i_s, costheta_o_s, costheta_i_m, costheta_o_m, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
        real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_s
        real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_s
        real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_m
        real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_m
        real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
        real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
        real(4), intent (in) :: v
        code = costheta_i_s * (costheta_o_s * (costheta_o_m * (costheta_i_m / ((v * v) * ((2.0e0 + (0.3333333333333333e0 / (v * v))) / v)))))
    end function
    
    cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O)
    cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O)
    cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i)
    cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i)
    cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
    function code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
    	return Float32(cosTheta_i_s * Float32(cosTheta_O_s * Float32(cosTheta_O_m * Float32(cosTheta_i_m / Float32(Float32(v * v) * Float32(Float32(Float32(2.0) + Float32(Float32(0.3333333333333333) / Float32(v * v))) / v))))))
    end
    
    cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O);
    cosTheta_O\_s = sign(cosTheta_O) * abs(1.0);
    cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i);
    cosTheta_i\_s = sign(cosTheta_i) * abs(1.0);
    cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
    function tmp = code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
    	tmp = cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * (cosTheta_O_m * (cosTheta_i_m / ((v * v) * ((single(2.0) + (single(0.3333333333333333) / (v * v))) / v)))));
    end
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right|
    \\
    cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right)
    \\
    cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right|
    \\
    cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right)
    \\
    [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
    \\
    cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i\_m}{\left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot \frac{2 + \frac{0.3333333333333333}{v \cdot v}}{v}}\right)\right)
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 98.7%

      \[\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v}} \]
      2. lift-*.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
      3. lift-*.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\color{blue}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v}} \]
      4. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{v}} \]
      5. lift-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}}{v} \]
      6. associate-/l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v \cdot v}} \]
      7. lift-exp.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v \cdot v} \]
      8. lift-neg.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right)}}}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v \cdot v} \]
      9. exp-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}}}}{\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v \cdot v} \]
      10. associate-/l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v \cdot v} \]
      11. frac-timesN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O\right)}{\left(\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites98.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{\left(\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot e^{\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in v around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{\frac{2 + \left(2 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v} + 2 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({sinTheta\_O}^{2} \cdot {sinTheta\_i}^{2}\right)}{{v}^{2}}\right)}{v}} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{\frac{2 + \left(2 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v} + 2 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({sinTheta\_O}^{2} \cdot {sinTheta\_i}^{2}\right)}{{v}^{2}}\right)}{v}} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \]
    7. Applied rewrites65.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i\right), sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O, 0.16666666666666666\right)}{v \cdot v}\right), 2\right)}{v}} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i\right), sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O, \frac{1}{6}\right)}{v \cdot v}\right), 2\right)}{v} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \]
      2. lift-*.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i\right), sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O, \frac{1}{6}\right)}{v \cdot v}\right), 2\right)}{v} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i\right), sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O, \frac{1}{6}\right)}{v \cdot v}\right), 2\right)}{v} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \]
      4. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i\right), sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O, \frac{1}{6}\right)}{v \cdot v}\right), 2\right)}{v} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \]
      5. lower-*.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i\right), sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O, \frac{1}{6}\right)}{v \cdot v}\right), 2\right)}{v} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \]
      6. lower-/.f3265.5

        \[\leadsto cosTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, \frac{sinTheta\_i}{v}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i\right), sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_O, 0.16666666666666666\right)}{v \cdot v}\right), 2\right)}{v} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \]
    9. Applied rewrites65.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i}{\left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_i, \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(sinTheta\_O, sinTheta\_O \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)\right), 0.16666666666666666\right)}{v \cdot v}\right), 2\right)}{v}}} \]
    10. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around 0

      \[\leadsto cosTheta\_O \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i}{\left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot \frac{2 + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{{v}^{2}}}{v}} \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites65.5%

        \[\leadsto cosTheta\_O \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i}{\left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot \frac{2 + \frac{0.3333333333333333}{v \cdot v}}{v}} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 11: 58.5% accurate, 8.2× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right| \\ cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right) \\ cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right| \\ cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right) \\ [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{1}{v \cdot \frac{2}{cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot cosTheta\_i\_m}}\right) \end{array} \]
      cosTheta_O\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_O)
      cosTheta_O\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_O)
      cosTheta_i\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_i)
      cosTheta_i\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_i)
      NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      (FPCore (cosTheta_i_s cosTheta_O_s cosTheta_i_m cosTheta_O_m sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
       :precision binary32
       (*
        cosTheta_i_s
        (* cosTheta_O_s (/ 1.0 (* v (/ 2.0 (* cosTheta_O_m cosTheta_i_m)))))))
      cosTheta_O\_m = fabs(cosTheta_O);
      cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O);
      cosTheta_i\_m = fabs(cosTheta_i);
      cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i);
      assert(cosTheta_i_m < cosTheta_O_m && cosTheta_O_m < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
      float code(float cosTheta_i_s, float cosTheta_O_s, float cosTheta_i_m, float cosTheta_O_m, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
      	return cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * (1.0f / (v * (2.0f / (cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m)))));
      }
      
      cosTheta_O\_m = abs(costheta_o)
      cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_o)
      cosTheta_i\_m = abs(costheta_i)
      cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_i)
      NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      real(4) function code(costheta_i_s, costheta_o_s, costheta_i_m, costheta_o_m, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
          real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_s
          real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_s
          real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_m
          real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_m
          real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
          real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
          real(4), intent (in) :: v
          code = costheta_i_s * (costheta_o_s * (1.0e0 / (v * (2.0e0 / (costheta_o_m * costheta_i_m)))))
      end function
      
      cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O)
      cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O)
      cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i)
      cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i)
      cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
      function code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
      	return Float32(cosTheta_i_s * Float32(cosTheta_O_s * Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(v * Float32(Float32(2.0) / Float32(cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m))))))
      end
      
      cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O);
      cosTheta_O\_s = sign(cosTheta_O) * abs(1.0);
      cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i);
      cosTheta_i\_s = sign(cosTheta_i) * abs(1.0);
      cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
      function tmp = code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
      	tmp = cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * (single(1.0) / (v * (single(2.0) / (cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m)))));
      end
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right|
      \\
      cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right)
      \\
      cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right|
      \\
      cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right)
      \\
      [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
      \\
      cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{1}{v \cdot \frac{2}{cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot cosTheta\_i\_m}}\right)
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 98.7%

        \[\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in v around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-*r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}{v}} \]
        2. lower-/.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}{v}} \]
        3. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{v} \]
        4. lower-*.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{v} \]
        5. lower-*.f3259.8

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)} \cdot 0.5}{v} \]
      5. Applied rewrites59.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot 0.5}{v}} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites59.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)} \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites60.3%

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{v \cdot \frac{2}{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}}} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 12: 58.3% accurate, 9.7× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right| \\ cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right) \\ cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right| \\ cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right) \\ [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{0.5}{\frac{v}{cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot cosTheta\_i\_m}}\right) \end{array} \]
          cosTheta_O\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_O)
          cosTheta_O\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_O)
          cosTheta_i\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_i)
          cosTheta_i\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_i)
          NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
          (FPCore (cosTheta_i_s cosTheta_O_s cosTheta_i_m cosTheta_O_m sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
           :precision binary32
           (* cosTheta_i_s (* cosTheta_O_s (/ 0.5 (/ v (* cosTheta_O_m cosTheta_i_m))))))
          cosTheta_O\_m = fabs(cosTheta_O);
          cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O);
          cosTheta_i\_m = fabs(cosTheta_i);
          cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i);
          assert(cosTheta_i_m < cosTheta_O_m && cosTheta_O_m < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
          float code(float cosTheta_i_s, float cosTheta_O_s, float cosTheta_i_m, float cosTheta_O_m, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
          	return cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * (0.5f / (v / (cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m))));
          }
          
          cosTheta_O\_m = abs(costheta_o)
          cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_o)
          cosTheta_i\_m = abs(costheta_i)
          cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_i)
          NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
          real(4) function code(costheta_i_s, costheta_o_s, costheta_i_m, costheta_o_m, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
              real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_s
              real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_s
              real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_m
              real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_m
              real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
              real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
              real(4), intent (in) :: v
              code = costheta_i_s * (costheta_o_s * (0.5e0 / (v / (costheta_o_m * costheta_i_m))))
          end function
          
          cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O)
          cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O)
          cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i)
          cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i)
          cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
          function code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
          	return Float32(cosTheta_i_s * Float32(cosTheta_O_s * Float32(Float32(0.5) / Float32(v / Float32(cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m)))))
          end
          
          cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O);
          cosTheta_O\_s = sign(cosTheta_O) * abs(1.0);
          cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i);
          cosTheta_i\_s = sign(cosTheta_i) * abs(1.0);
          cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
          function tmp = code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
          	tmp = cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * (single(0.5) / (v / (cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m))));
          end
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right|
          \\
          cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right)
          \\
          cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right|
          \\
          cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right)
          \\
          [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
          \\
          cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{0.5}{\frac{v}{cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot cosTheta\_i\_m}}\right)
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 98.7%

            \[\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in v around inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. associate-*r/N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}{v}} \]
            2. lower-/.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}{v}} \]
            3. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{v} \]
            4. lower-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{v} \]
            5. lower-*.f3259.8

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)} \cdot 0.5}{v} \]
          5. Applied rewrites59.8%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot 0.5}{v}} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites60.2%

              \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{\frac{v}{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}}} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 13: 57.9% accurate, 12.4× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right| \\ cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right) \\ cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right| \\ cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right) \\ [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{0.5 \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot cosTheta\_i\_m\right)}{v}\right) \end{array} \]
            cosTheta_O\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_O)
            cosTheta_O\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_O)
            cosTheta_i\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_i)
            cosTheta_i\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_i)
            NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
            (FPCore (cosTheta_i_s cosTheta_O_s cosTheta_i_m cosTheta_O_m sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
             :precision binary32
             (* cosTheta_i_s (* cosTheta_O_s (/ (* 0.5 (* cosTheta_O_m cosTheta_i_m)) v))))
            cosTheta_O\_m = fabs(cosTheta_O);
            cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O);
            cosTheta_i\_m = fabs(cosTheta_i);
            cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i);
            assert(cosTheta_i_m < cosTheta_O_m && cosTheta_O_m < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
            float code(float cosTheta_i_s, float cosTheta_O_s, float cosTheta_i_m, float cosTheta_O_m, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
            	return cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * ((0.5f * (cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m)) / v));
            }
            
            cosTheta_O\_m = abs(costheta_o)
            cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_o)
            cosTheta_i\_m = abs(costheta_i)
            cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_i)
            NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
            real(4) function code(costheta_i_s, costheta_o_s, costheta_i_m, costheta_o_m, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
                real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_s
                real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_s
                real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_m
                real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_m
                real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
                real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
                real(4), intent (in) :: v
                code = costheta_i_s * (costheta_o_s * ((0.5e0 * (costheta_o_m * costheta_i_m)) / v))
            end function
            
            cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O)
            cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O)
            cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i)
            cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i)
            cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
            function code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
            	return Float32(cosTheta_i_s * Float32(cosTheta_O_s * Float32(Float32(Float32(0.5) * Float32(cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m)) / v)))
            end
            
            cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O);
            cosTheta_O\_s = sign(cosTheta_O) * abs(1.0);
            cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i);
            cosTheta_i\_s = sign(cosTheta_i) * abs(1.0);
            cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
            function tmp = code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
            	tmp = cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * ((single(0.5) * (cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m)) / v));
            end
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right|
            \\
            cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right)
            \\
            cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right|
            \\
            cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right)
            \\
            [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
            \\
            cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \frac{0.5 \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot cosTheta\_i\_m\right)}{v}\right)
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 98.7%

              \[\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in v around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. associate-*r/N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}{v}} \]
              2. lower-/.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}{v}} \]
              3. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{v} \]
              4. lower-*.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{v} \]
              5. lower-*.f3259.8

                \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)} \cdot 0.5}{v} \]
            5. Applied rewrites59.8%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot 0.5}{v}} \]
            6. Final simplification59.8%

              \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}{v} \]
            7. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 14: 57.9% accurate, 12.4× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right| \\ cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right) \\ cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right| \\ cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right) \\ [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot cosTheta\_i\_m}{v}\right)\right) \end{array} \]
            cosTheta_O\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_O)
            cosTheta_O\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_O)
            cosTheta_i\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_i)
            cosTheta_i\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_i)
            NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
            (FPCore (cosTheta_i_s cosTheta_O_s cosTheta_i_m cosTheta_O_m sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
             :precision binary32
             (* cosTheta_i_s (* cosTheta_O_s (* 0.5 (/ (* cosTheta_O_m cosTheta_i_m) v)))))
            cosTheta_O\_m = fabs(cosTheta_O);
            cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O);
            cosTheta_i\_m = fabs(cosTheta_i);
            cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i);
            assert(cosTheta_i_m < cosTheta_O_m && cosTheta_O_m < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
            float code(float cosTheta_i_s, float cosTheta_O_s, float cosTheta_i_m, float cosTheta_O_m, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
            	return cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * (0.5f * ((cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m) / v)));
            }
            
            cosTheta_O\_m = abs(costheta_o)
            cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_o)
            cosTheta_i\_m = abs(costheta_i)
            cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_i)
            NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
            real(4) function code(costheta_i_s, costheta_o_s, costheta_i_m, costheta_o_m, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
                real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_s
                real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_s
                real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_m
                real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_m
                real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
                real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
                real(4), intent (in) :: v
                code = costheta_i_s * (costheta_o_s * (0.5e0 * ((costheta_o_m * costheta_i_m) / v)))
            end function
            
            cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O)
            cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O)
            cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i)
            cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i)
            cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
            function code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
            	return Float32(cosTheta_i_s * Float32(cosTheta_O_s * Float32(Float32(0.5) * Float32(Float32(cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m) / v))))
            end
            
            cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O);
            cosTheta_O\_s = sign(cosTheta_O) * abs(1.0);
            cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i);
            cosTheta_i\_s = sign(cosTheta_i) * abs(1.0);
            cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
            function tmp = code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
            	tmp = cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * (single(0.5) * ((cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m) / v)));
            end
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right|
            \\
            cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right)
            \\
            cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right|
            \\
            cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right)
            \\
            [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
            \\
            cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot cosTheta\_i\_m}{v}\right)\right)
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 98.7%

              \[\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in v around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. associate-*r/N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}{v}} \]
              2. lower-/.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}{v}} \]
              3. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{v} \]
              4. lower-*.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{v} \]
              5. lower-*.f3259.8

                \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)} \cdot 0.5}{v} \]
            5. Applied rewrites59.8%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot 0.5}{v}} \]
            6. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites59.7%

                \[\leadsto \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v} \cdot \color{blue}{0.5} \]
              2. Final simplification59.7%

                \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v} \]
              3. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 15: 57.9% accurate, 12.4× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right| \\ cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right) \\ cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right| \\ cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right) \\ [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \left(\frac{0.5}{v} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot cosTheta\_i\_m\right)\right)\right) \end{array} \]
              cosTheta_O\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_O)
              cosTheta_O\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_O)
              cosTheta_i\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_i)
              cosTheta_i\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_i)
              NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
              (FPCore (cosTheta_i_s cosTheta_O_s cosTheta_i_m cosTheta_O_m sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
               :precision binary32
               (* cosTheta_i_s (* cosTheta_O_s (* (/ 0.5 v) (* cosTheta_O_m cosTheta_i_m)))))
              cosTheta_O\_m = fabs(cosTheta_O);
              cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O);
              cosTheta_i\_m = fabs(cosTheta_i);
              cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i);
              assert(cosTheta_i_m < cosTheta_O_m && cosTheta_O_m < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
              float code(float cosTheta_i_s, float cosTheta_O_s, float cosTheta_i_m, float cosTheta_O_m, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
              	return cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * ((0.5f / v) * (cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m)));
              }
              
              cosTheta_O\_m = abs(costheta_o)
              cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_o)
              cosTheta_i\_m = abs(costheta_i)
              cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_i)
              NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
              real(4) function code(costheta_i_s, costheta_o_s, costheta_i_m, costheta_o_m, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
                  real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_s
                  real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_s
                  real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_m
                  real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_m
                  real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
                  real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
                  real(4), intent (in) :: v
                  code = costheta_i_s * (costheta_o_s * ((0.5e0 / v) * (costheta_o_m * costheta_i_m)))
              end function
              
              cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O)
              cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O)
              cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i)
              cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i)
              cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
              function code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
              	return Float32(cosTheta_i_s * Float32(cosTheta_O_s * Float32(Float32(Float32(0.5) / v) * Float32(cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m))))
              end
              
              cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O);
              cosTheta_O\_s = sign(cosTheta_O) * abs(1.0);
              cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i);
              cosTheta_i\_s = sign(cosTheta_i) * abs(1.0);
              cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
              function tmp = code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
              	tmp = cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * ((single(0.5) / v) * (cosTheta_O_m * cosTheta_i_m)));
              end
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right|
              \\
              cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right)
              \\
              cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right|
              \\
              cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right)
              \\
              [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
              \\
              cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \left(\frac{0.5}{v} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot cosTheta\_i\_m\right)\right)\right)
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Initial program 98.7%

                \[\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in v around inf

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. associate-*r/N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}{v}} \]
                2. lower-/.f32N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}{v}} \]
                3. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{v} \]
                4. lower-*.f32N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{v} \]
                5. lower-*.f3259.8

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)} \cdot 0.5}{v} \]
              5. Applied rewrites59.8%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot 0.5}{v}} \]
              6. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites59.7%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 16: 57.9% accurate, 12.4× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right| \\ cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right) \\ cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right| \\ cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right) \\ [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i\_m \cdot \frac{0.5}{v}\right)\right)\right) \end{array} \]
                cosTheta_O\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_O)
                cosTheta_O\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_O)
                cosTheta_i\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_i)
                cosTheta_i\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_i)
                NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                (FPCore (cosTheta_i_s cosTheta_O_s cosTheta_i_m cosTheta_O_m sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
                 :precision binary32
                 (* cosTheta_i_s (* cosTheta_O_s (* cosTheta_O_m (* cosTheta_i_m (/ 0.5 v))))))
                cosTheta_O\_m = fabs(cosTheta_O);
                cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O);
                cosTheta_i\_m = fabs(cosTheta_i);
                cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i);
                assert(cosTheta_i_m < cosTheta_O_m && cosTheta_O_m < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
                float code(float cosTheta_i_s, float cosTheta_O_s, float cosTheta_i_m, float cosTheta_O_m, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
                	return cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * (cosTheta_O_m * (cosTheta_i_m * (0.5f / v))));
                }
                
                cosTheta_O\_m = abs(costheta_o)
                cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_o)
                cosTheta_i\_m = abs(costheta_i)
                cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_i)
                NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                real(4) function code(costheta_i_s, costheta_o_s, costheta_i_m, costheta_o_m, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
                    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_s
                    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_s
                    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_m
                    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_m
                    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
                    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
                    real(4), intent (in) :: v
                    code = costheta_i_s * (costheta_o_s * (costheta_o_m * (costheta_i_m * (0.5e0 / v))))
                end function
                
                cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O)
                cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O)
                cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i)
                cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i)
                cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
                function code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
                	return Float32(cosTheta_i_s * Float32(cosTheta_O_s * Float32(cosTheta_O_m * Float32(cosTheta_i_m * Float32(Float32(0.5) / v)))))
                end
                
                cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O);
                cosTheta_O\_s = sign(cosTheta_O) * abs(1.0);
                cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i);
                cosTheta_i\_s = sign(cosTheta_i) * abs(1.0);
                cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
                function tmp = code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
                	tmp = cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * (cosTheta_O_m * (cosTheta_i_m * (single(0.5) / v))));
                end
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right|
                \\
                cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right)
                \\
                cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right|
                \\
                cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right)
                \\
                [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
                \\
                cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i\_m \cdot \frac{0.5}{v}\right)\right)\right)
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Initial program 98.7%

                  \[\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in v around inf

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. associate-*r/N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}{v}} \]
                  2. lower-/.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}{v}} \]
                  3. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{v} \]
                  4. lower-*.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{v} \]
                  5. lower-*.f3259.8

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)} \cdot 0.5}{v} \]
                5. Applied rewrites59.8%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot 0.5}{v}} \]
                6. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites59.7%

                    \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)} \]
                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites59.7%

                      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{0.5}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \color{blue}{cosTheta\_O} \]
                    2. Final simplification59.7%

                      \[\leadsto cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i \cdot \frac{0.5}{v}\right) \]
                    3. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 17: 57.9% accurate, 12.4× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right| \\ cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right) \\ cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right| \\ cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right) \\ [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i\_m \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot \frac{0.5}{v}\right)\right)\right) \end{array} \]
                    cosTheta_O\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_O)
                    cosTheta_O\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_O)
                    cosTheta_i\_m = (fabs.f32 cosTheta_i)
                    cosTheta_i\_s = (copysign.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) cosTheta_i)
                    NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                    (FPCore (cosTheta_i_s cosTheta_O_s cosTheta_i_m cosTheta_O_m sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
                     :precision binary32
                     (* cosTheta_i_s (* cosTheta_O_s (* cosTheta_i_m (* cosTheta_O_m (/ 0.5 v))))))
                    cosTheta_O\_m = fabs(cosTheta_O);
                    cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O);
                    cosTheta_i\_m = fabs(cosTheta_i);
                    cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i);
                    assert(cosTheta_i_m < cosTheta_O_m && cosTheta_O_m < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
                    float code(float cosTheta_i_s, float cosTheta_O_s, float cosTheta_i_m, float cosTheta_O_m, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
                    	return cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * (cosTheta_i_m * (cosTheta_O_m * (0.5f / v))));
                    }
                    
                    cosTheta_O\_m = abs(costheta_o)
                    cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_o)
                    cosTheta_i\_m = abs(costheta_i)
                    cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0d0, costheta_i)
                    NOTE: cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                    real(4) function code(costheta_i_s, costheta_o_s, costheta_i_m, costheta_o_m, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
                        real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_s
                        real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_s
                        real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i_m
                        real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o_m
                        real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
                        real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
                        real(4), intent (in) :: v
                        code = costheta_i_s * (costheta_o_s * (costheta_i_m * (costheta_o_m * (0.5e0 / v))))
                    end function
                    
                    cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O)
                    cosTheta_O\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_O)
                    cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i)
                    cosTheta_i\_s = copysign(1.0, cosTheta_i)
                    cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
                    function code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
                    	return Float32(cosTheta_i_s * Float32(cosTheta_O_s * Float32(cosTheta_i_m * Float32(cosTheta_O_m * Float32(Float32(0.5) / v)))))
                    end
                    
                    cosTheta_O\_m = abs(cosTheta_O);
                    cosTheta_O\_s = sign(cosTheta_O) * abs(1.0);
                    cosTheta_i\_m = abs(cosTheta_i);
                    cosTheta_i\_s = sign(cosTheta_i) * abs(1.0);
                    cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
                    function tmp = code(cosTheta_i_s, cosTheta_O_s, cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
                    	tmp = cosTheta_i_s * (cosTheta_O_s * (cosTheta_i_m * (cosTheta_O_m * (single(0.5) / v))));
                    end
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    cosTheta_O\_m = \left|cosTheta\_O\right|
                    \\
                    cosTheta_O\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_O\right)
                    \\
                    cosTheta_i\_m = \left|cosTheta\_i\right|
                    \\
                    cosTheta_i\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, cosTheta\_i\right)
                    \\
                    [cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i_m, cosTheta_O_m, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
                    \\
                    cosTheta\_i\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_s \cdot \left(cosTheta\_i\_m \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O\_m \cdot \frac{0.5}{v}\right)\right)\right)
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Initial program 98.7%

                      \[\frac{e^{-\frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v}}{\left(\sinh \left(\frac{1}{v}\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot v} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in v around inf

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i}{v}} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. associate-*r/N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}{v}} \]
                      2. lower-/.f32N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)}{v}} \]
                      3. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{v} \]
                      4. lower-*.f32N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{v} \]
                      5. lower-*.f3259.8

                        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)} \cdot 0.5}{v} \]
                    5. Applied rewrites59.8%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right) \cdot 0.5}{v}} \]
                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites59.7%

                        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i\right)} \]
                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites59.7%

                          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{0.5}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \color{blue}{cosTheta\_i} \]
                        2. Final simplification59.7%

                          \[\leadsto cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot \frac{0.5}{v}\right) \]
                        3. Add Preprocessing

                        Reproduce

                        ?
                        herbie shell --seed 2024234 
                        (FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
                          :name "HairBSDF, Mp, upper"
                          :precision binary32
                          :pre (and (and (and (and (and (and (<= -1.0 cosTheta_i) (<= cosTheta_i 1.0)) (and (<= -1.0 cosTheta_O) (<= cosTheta_O 1.0))) (and (<= -1.0 sinTheta_i) (<= sinTheta_i 1.0))) (and (<= -1.0 sinTheta_O) (<= sinTheta_O 1.0))) (< 0.1 v)) (<= v 1.5707964))
                          (/ (* (exp (- (/ (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) v))) (/ (* cosTheta_i cosTheta_O) v)) (* (* (sinh (/ 1.0 v)) 2.0) v)))