2tan (problem 3.3.2)

Percentage Accurate: 62.7% → 99.6%
Time: 14.5s
Alternatives: 9
Speedup: 17.3×

Specification

?
\[\left(\left(-10000 \leq x \land x \leq 10000\right) \land 10^{-16} \cdot \left|x\right| < \varepsilon\right) \land \varepsilon < \left|x\right|\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
	return tan((x + eps)) - tan(x);
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = tan((x + eps)) - tan(x)
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	return Math.tan((x + eps)) - Math.tan(x);
}
def code(x, eps):
	return math.tan((x + eps)) - math.tan(x)
function code(x, eps)
	return Float64(tan(Float64(x + eps)) - tan(x))
end
function tmp = code(x, eps)
	tmp = tan((x + eps)) - tan(x);
end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Tan[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 9 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 62.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
	return tan((x + eps)) - tan(x);
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = tan((x + eps)) - tan(x)
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	return Math.tan((x + eps)) - Math.tan(x);
}
def code(x, eps):
	return math.tan((x + eps)) - math.tan(x)
function code(x, eps)
	return Float64(tan(Float64(x + eps)) - tan(x))
end
function tmp = code(x, eps)
	tmp = tan((x + eps)) - tan(x);
end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Tan[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.6% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon \cdot \left(\cos x \cdot -0.5\right) - \sin x, \cos x\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (fma eps (* -0.16666666666666666 (* eps eps)) eps)
  (* (cos x) (fma eps (- (* eps (* (cos x) -0.5)) (sin x)) (cos x)))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
	return fma(eps, (-0.16666666666666666 * (eps * eps)), eps) / (cos(x) * fma(eps, ((eps * (cos(x) * -0.5)) - sin(x)), cos(x)));
}
function code(x, eps)
	return Float64(fma(eps, Float64(-0.16666666666666666 * Float64(eps * eps)), eps) / Float64(cos(x) * fma(eps, Float64(Float64(eps * Float64(cos(x) * -0.5)) - sin(x)), cos(x))))
end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[(eps * N[(-0.16666666666666666 * N[(eps * eps), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + eps), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[(eps * N[(N[(eps * N[(N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision] * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon \cdot \left(\cos x \cdot -0.5\right) - \sin x, \cos x\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 62.1%

    \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x} \]
    2. lift-tan.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \tan x \]
    3. tan-quotN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} - \tan x \]
    4. lift-tan.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \color{blue}{\tan x} \]
    5. tan-quotN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}} \]
    6. frac-subN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x - \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \sin x}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x}} \]
    7. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x - \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \sin x}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x}} \]
    8. sin-diffN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x} \]
    9. lower-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x} \]
    10. lower--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x} \]
    11. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
    12. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
    13. lower-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos x} \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
    14. lower-cos.f6462.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\cos x \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites62.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right)}}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} + 1\right)}}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
    2. distribute-lft-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right) + \varepsilon \cdot 1}}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
    3. *-rgt-identityN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right) + \color{blue}{\varepsilon}}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
    4. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{-1}{6} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}, \varepsilon\right)}}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
    5. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}}, \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
    6. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)}, \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
    7. lower-*.f6499.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)}, \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)}}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
  8. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos x + \varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right) - \sin x\right)\right)}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right) - \sin x\right) + \cos x\right)}} \]
    2. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right) - \sin x, \cos x\right)}} \]
    3. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot \cos x\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} - \sin x, \cos x\right)} \]
    4. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\cos x \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)} - \sin x, \cos x\right)} \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \cos x\right)} - \sin x, \cos x\right)} \]
    6. lower--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \cos x\right) - \sin x}, \cos x\right)} \]
    7. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \cos x\right)} - \sin x, \cos x\right)} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos x \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)} - \sin x, \cos x\right)} \]
    9. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos x \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)} - \sin x, \cos x\right)} \]
    10. lower-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\cos x} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) - \sin x, \cos x\right)} \]
    11. lower-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon \cdot \left(\cos x \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) - \color{blue}{\sin x}, \cos x\right)} \]
    12. lower-cos.f6499.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon \cdot \left(\cos x \cdot -0.5\right) - \sin x, \color{blue}{\cos x}\right)} \]
  10. Applied rewrites99.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon \cdot \left(\cos x \cdot -0.5\right) - \sin x, \cos x\right)}} \]
  11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.6% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (fma eps (* -0.16666666666666666 (* eps eps)) eps)
  (* (cos x) (cos (+ x eps)))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
	return fma(eps, (-0.16666666666666666 * (eps * eps)), eps) / (cos(x) * cos((x + eps)));
}
function code(x, eps)
	return Float64(fma(eps, Float64(-0.16666666666666666 * Float64(eps * eps)), eps) / Float64(cos(x) * cos(Float64(x + eps))))
end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[(eps * N[(-0.16666666666666666 * N[(eps * eps), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + eps), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 62.1%

    \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x} \]
    2. lift-tan.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \tan x \]
    3. tan-quotN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} - \tan x \]
    4. lift-tan.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \color{blue}{\tan x} \]
    5. tan-quotN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}} \]
    6. frac-subN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x - \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \sin x}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x}} \]
    7. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x - \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \sin x}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x}} \]
    8. sin-diffN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x} \]
    9. lower-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x} \]
    10. lower--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x} \]
    11. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
    12. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
    13. lower-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos x} \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
    14. lower-cos.f6462.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\cos x \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites62.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right)}}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} + 1\right)}}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
    2. distribute-lft-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right) + \varepsilon \cdot 1}}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
    3. *-rgt-identityN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right) + \color{blue}{\varepsilon}}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
    4. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{-1}{6} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}, \varepsilon\right)}}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
    5. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{6} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}}, \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
    6. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)}, \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
    7. lower-*.f6499.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)}, \varepsilon\right)}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, -0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)}}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 99.0% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(x + x\right)}, \varepsilon, \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, 0.3333333333333333, x\right)\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (fma
  (/ 1.0 (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (+ x x)))))
  eps
  (* (* eps eps) (fma eps 0.3333333333333333 x))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
	return fma((1.0 / (0.5 + (0.5 * cos((x + x))))), eps, ((eps * eps) * fma(eps, 0.3333333333333333, x)));
}
function code(x, eps)
	return fma(Float64(1.0 / Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(x + x))))), eps, Float64(Float64(eps * eps) * fma(eps, 0.3333333333333333, x)))
end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(x + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * eps + N[(N[(eps * eps), $MachinePrecision] * N[(eps * 0.3333333333333333 + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(x + x\right)}, \varepsilon, \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, 0.3333333333333333, x\right)\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 62.1%

    \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x} \]
    2. lift-tan.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \tan x \]
    3. tan-quotN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} - \tan x \]
    4. lift-tan.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \color{blue}{\tan x} \]
    5. tan-quotN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}} \]
    6. frac-subN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x - \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \sin x}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x}} \]
    7. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x - \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \sin x}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x}} \]
    8. sin-diffN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x} \]
    9. lower-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x} \]
    10. lower--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x} \]
    11. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
    12. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
    13. lower-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos x} \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
    14. lower-cos.f6462.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\cos x \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites62.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{4}} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{{\cos x}^{3}}\right) + \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{4}} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{{\cos x}^{3}}\right) + \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)} \]
    2. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{4}} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{{\cos x}^{3}}, \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)} \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{0.5}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \left(\frac{0.16666666666666666}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{4}}\right), \frac{\sin x}{{\cos x}^{3}}\right), \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)} \]
  8. Taylor expanded in x around 0

    \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, x + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \varepsilon}, \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right) \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites99.2%

      \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{0.3333333333333333}, x\right), \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites99.2%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(x + x\right)}, \color{blue}{\varepsilon}, \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, 0.3333333333333333, x\right)\right) \]
      2. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 4: 99.0% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, 0.3333333333333333, x\right), \frac{1}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(x + x\right)}\right) \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (x eps)
       :precision binary64
       (*
        eps
        (fma
         eps
         (fma eps 0.3333333333333333 x)
         (/ 1.0 (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (+ x x))))))))
      double code(double x, double eps) {
      	return eps * fma(eps, fma(eps, 0.3333333333333333, x), (1.0 / (0.5 + (0.5 * cos((x + x))))));
      }
      
      function code(x, eps)
      	return Float64(eps * fma(eps, fma(eps, 0.3333333333333333, x), Float64(1.0 / Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(x + x)))))))
      end
      
      code[x_, eps_] := N[(eps * N[(eps * N[(eps * 0.3333333333333333 + x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 / N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(x + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, 0.3333333333333333, x\right), \frac{1}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(x + x\right)}\right)
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 62.1%

        \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x} \]
        2. lift-tan.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \tan x \]
        3. tan-quotN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} - \tan x \]
        4. lift-tan.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \color{blue}{\tan x} \]
        5. tan-quotN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}} \]
        6. frac-subN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x - \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \sin x}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x}} \]
        7. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x - \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \sin x}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x}} \]
        8. sin-diffN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x} \]
        9. lower-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x} \]
        10. lower--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x} \]
        11. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
        12. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
        13. lower-cos.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos x} \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
        14. lower-cos.f6462.1

          \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\cos x \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
      4. Applied rewrites62.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
      5. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{4}} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{{\cos x}^{3}}\right) + \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{4}} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{{\cos x}^{3}}\right) + \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)} \]
        2. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{4}} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{{\cos x}^{3}}, \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)} \]
      7. Applied rewrites99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{0.5}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \left(\frac{0.16666666666666666}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{4}}\right), \frac{\sin x}{{\cos x}^{3}}\right), \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)} \]
      8. Taylor expanded in x around 0

        \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, x + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \varepsilon}, \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right) \]
      9. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites99.2%

          \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{0.3333333333333333}, x\right), \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right) \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites99.2%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, 0.3333333333333333, x\right), \frac{1}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(x + x\right)}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\varepsilon} \]
          2. Final simplification99.2%

            \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, 0.3333333333333333, x\right), \frac{1}{0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(x + x\right)}\right) \]
          3. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 5: 98.5% accurate, 3.3× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, 0.3333333333333333, x\right), \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, -0.044444444444444446, 0.3333333333333333\right), -1\right), 1\right)}\right) \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (x eps)
           :precision binary64
           (*
            eps
            (fma
             eps
             (fma eps 0.3333333333333333 x)
             (/
              1.0
              (fma
               (* x x)
               (fma (* x x) (fma (* x x) -0.044444444444444446 0.3333333333333333) -1.0)
               1.0)))))
          double code(double x, double eps) {
          	return eps * fma(eps, fma(eps, 0.3333333333333333, x), (1.0 / fma((x * x), fma((x * x), fma((x * x), -0.044444444444444446, 0.3333333333333333), -1.0), 1.0)));
          }
          
          function code(x, eps)
          	return Float64(eps * fma(eps, fma(eps, 0.3333333333333333, x), Float64(1.0 / fma(Float64(x * x), fma(Float64(x * x), fma(Float64(x * x), -0.044444444444444446, 0.3333333333333333), -1.0), 1.0))))
          end
          
          code[x_, eps_] := N[(eps * N[(eps * N[(eps * 0.3333333333333333 + x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * -0.044444444444444446 + 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, 0.3333333333333333, x\right), \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, -0.044444444444444446, 0.3333333333333333\right), -1\right), 1\right)}\right)
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 62.1%

            \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lift--.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x} \]
            2. lift-tan.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \tan x \]
            3. tan-quotN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} - \tan x \]
            4. lift-tan.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \color{blue}{\tan x} \]
            5. tan-quotN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}} \]
            6. frac-subN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x - \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \sin x}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x}} \]
            7. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x - \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \sin x}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x}} \]
            8. sin-diffN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x} \]
            9. lower-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x} \]
            10. lower--.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x} \]
            11. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
            12. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
            13. lower-cos.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos x} \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
            14. lower-cos.f6462.1

              \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\cos x \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
          4. Applied rewrites62.1%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
          5. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{4}} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{{\cos x}^{3}}\right) + \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{4}} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{{\cos x}^{3}}\right) + \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)} \]
            2. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{4}} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{{\cos x}^{3}}, \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)} \]
          7. Applied rewrites99.6%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{0.5}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \left(\frac{0.16666666666666666}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{4}}\right), \frac{\sin x}{{\cos x}^{3}}\right), \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)} \]
          8. Taylor expanded in x around 0

            \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, x + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \varepsilon}, \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right) \]
          9. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites99.2%

              \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{0.3333333333333333}, x\right), \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right) \]
            2. Taylor expanded in x around 0

              \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{1}{3}, x\right), \frac{1}{1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} + \frac{-2}{45} \cdot {x}^{2}\right) - 1\right)}\right) \]
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites98.8%

                \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, 0.3333333333333333, x\right), \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, -0.044444444444444446, 0.3333333333333333\right), -1\right), 1\right)}\right) \]
              2. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 6: 98.4% accurate, 4.1× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, 0.3333333333333333, x\right), \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, x \cdot x, -1\right), 1\right)}\right) \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (x eps)
               :precision binary64
               (*
                eps
                (fma
                 eps
                 (fma eps 0.3333333333333333 x)
                 (/ 1.0 (fma (* x x) (fma 0.3333333333333333 (* x x) -1.0) 1.0)))))
              double code(double x, double eps) {
              	return eps * fma(eps, fma(eps, 0.3333333333333333, x), (1.0 / fma((x * x), fma(0.3333333333333333, (x * x), -1.0), 1.0)));
              }
              
              function code(x, eps)
              	return Float64(eps * fma(eps, fma(eps, 0.3333333333333333, x), Float64(1.0 / fma(Float64(x * x), fma(0.3333333333333333, Float64(x * x), -1.0), 1.0))))
              end
              
              code[x_, eps_] := N[(eps * N[(eps * N[(eps * 0.3333333333333333 + x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.3333333333333333 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, 0.3333333333333333, x\right), \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, x \cdot x, -1\right), 1\right)}\right)
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Initial program 62.1%

                \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lift--.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x} \]
                2. lift-tan.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \tan x \]
                3. tan-quotN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} - \tan x \]
                4. lift-tan.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \color{blue}{\tan x} \]
                5. tan-quotN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin x}{\cos x}} \]
                6. frac-subN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x - \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \sin x}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x}} \]
                7. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x - \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \sin x}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x}} \]
                8. sin-diffN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x} \]
                9. lower-sin.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x} \]
                10. lower--.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right) \cdot \cos x} \]
                11. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
                12. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
                13. lower-cos.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos x} \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \]
                14. lower-cos.f6462.1

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\cos x \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
              4. Applied rewrites62.1%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \left(\left(x + \varepsilon\right) - x\right)}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}} \]
              5. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{4}} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{{\cos x}^{3}}\right) + \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)} \]
              6. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{4}} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{{\cos x}^{3}}\right) + \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)} \]
                2. lower-fma.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{4}} + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \frac{\sin x}{{\cos x}^{3}}, \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)} \]
              7. Applied rewrites99.6%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{0.5}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \left(\frac{0.16666666666666666}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{4}}\right), \frac{\sin x}{{\cos x}^{3}}\right), \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)} \]
              8. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, x + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \varepsilon}, \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right) \]
              9. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites99.2%

                  \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{0.3333333333333333}, x\right), \frac{1}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right) \]
                2. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                  \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{1}{3}, x\right), \frac{1}{1 + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot {x}^{2} - 1\right)}\right) \]
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites98.7%

                    \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, 0.3333333333333333, x\right), \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333, x \cdot x, -1\right), 1\right)}\right) \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 7: 98.3% accurate, 8.6× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, 0.3333333333333333, x\right), x \cdot x\right), \varepsilon\right) \end{array} \]
                  (FPCore (x eps)
                   :precision binary64
                   (fma eps (fma eps (fma eps 0.3333333333333333 x) (* x x)) eps))
                  double code(double x, double eps) {
                  	return fma(eps, fma(eps, fma(eps, 0.3333333333333333, x), (x * x)), eps);
                  }
                  
                  function code(x, eps)
                  	return fma(eps, fma(eps, fma(eps, 0.3333333333333333, x), Float64(x * x)), eps)
                  end
                  
                  code[x_, eps_] := N[(eps * N[(eps * N[(eps * 0.3333333333333333 + x), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + eps), $MachinePrecision]
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  
                  \\
                  \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, 0.3333333333333333, x\right), x \cdot x\right), \varepsilon\right)
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Initial program 62.1%

                    \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\left(1 + \varepsilon \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - -1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)}{{\cos x}^{2}} + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(1 - -1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right) + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \frac{\sin x \cdot \left(1 - -1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)}{\cos x}\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)} \]
                  4. Applied rewrites99.6%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \left(\frac{{\sin x}^{2} + \frac{{\sin x}^{4}}{{\cos x}^{2}}}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \mathsf{fma}\left({\sin x}^{2}, \frac{0.16666666666666666}{{\cos x}^{2}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}, -0.5\right)\right)\right) + -0.16666666666666666, \frac{\sin x + \frac{{\sin x}^{3}}{{\cos x}^{2}}}{\cos x}\right), \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right), \varepsilon\right)} \]
                  5. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{1}{3} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} + \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(\varepsilon + x \cdot \left(1 + \frac{4}{3} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right)\right)}, \varepsilon\right) \]
                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites98.3%

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon, 1.3333333333333333, 1\right), \varepsilon\right)}, 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right), \varepsilon\right) \]
                    2. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon \cdot \left(x + \varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} + \frac{4}{3} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right) + {x}^{\color{blue}{2}}, \varepsilon\right) \]
                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites98.3%

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, 1.3333333333333333, 0.3333333333333333\right)}, x\right), x \cdot x\right), \varepsilon\right) \]
                      2. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{1}{3}, x\right), x \cdot x\right), \varepsilon\right) \]
                      3. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites98.4%

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, 0.3333333333333333, x\right), x \cdot x\right), \varepsilon\right) \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 8: 98.3% accurate, 13.8× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, x \cdot \left(x + \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right) \end{array} \]
                        (FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (fma eps (* x (+ x eps)) eps))
                        double code(double x, double eps) {
                        	return fma(eps, (x * (x + eps)), eps);
                        }
                        
                        function code(x, eps)
                        	return fma(eps, Float64(x * Float64(x + eps)), eps)
                        end
                        
                        code[x_, eps_] := N[(eps * N[(x * N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + eps), $MachinePrecision]
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        
                        \\
                        \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, x \cdot \left(x + \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right)
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Initial program 62.1%

                          \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\left(1 + \varepsilon \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - -1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)}{{\cos x}^{2}} + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(1 - -1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right) + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \frac{\sin x \cdot \left(1 - -1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)}{\cos x}\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)} \]
                        4. Applied rewrites99.6%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \left(\frac{{\sin x}^{2} + \frac{{\sin x}^{4}}{{\cos x}^{2}}}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \mathsf{fma}\left({\sin x}^{2}, \frac{0.16666666666666666}{{\cos x}^{2}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}, -0.5\right)\right)\right) + -0.16666666666666666, \frac{\sin x + \frac{{\sin x}^{3}}{{\cos x}^{2}}}{\cos x}\right), \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right), \varepsilon\right)} \]
                        5. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{1}{3} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} + \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(\varepsilon + x \cdot \left(1 + \frac{4}{3} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right)\right)}, \varepsilon\right) \]
                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites98.3%

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon, 1.3333333333333333, 1\right), \varepsilon\right)}, 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right), \varepsilon\right) \]
                          2. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \varepsilon \cdot x + {x}^{\color{blue}{2}}, \varepsilon\right) \]
                          3. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites98.3%

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, x \cdot \left(\varepsilon + \color{blue}{x}\right), \varepsilon\right) \]
                            2. Final simplification98.3%

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, x \cdot \left(x + \varepsilon\right), \varepsilon\right) \]
                            3. Add Preprocessing

                            Alternative 9: 98.2% accurate, 17.3× speedup?

                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, x \cdot x, \varepsilon\right) \end{array} \]
                            (FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (fma eps (* x x) eps))
                            double code(double x, double eps) {
                            	return fma(eps, (x * x), eps);
                            }
                            
                            function code(x, eps)
                            	return fma(eps, Float64(x * x), eps)
                            end
                            
                            code[x_, eps_] := N[(eps * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + eps), $MachinePrecision]
                            
                            \begin{array}{l}
                            
                            \\
                            \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, x \cdot x, \varepsilon\right)
                            \end{array}
                            
                            Derivation
                            1. Initial program 62.1%

                              \[\tan \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \tan x \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\left(1 + \varepsilon \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2} \cdot \left(1 - -1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)}{{\cos x}^{2}} + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \left(1 - -1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right) + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \frac{\sin x \cdot \left(1 - -1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)}{\cos x}\right)\right) - -1 \cdot \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right)} \]
                            4. Applied rewrites99.6%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \left(\frac{{\sin x}^{2} + \frac{{\sin x}^{4}}{{\cos x}^{2}}}{{\cos x}^{2}} - \mathsf{fma}\left({\sin x}^{2}, \frac{0.16666666666666666}{{\cos x}^{2}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}, -0.5\right)\right)\right) + -0.16666666666666666, \frac{\sin x + \frac{{\sin x}^{3}}{{\cos x}^{2}}}{\cos x}\right), \frac{{\sin x}^{2}}{{\cos x}^{2}}\right), \varepsilon\right)} \]
                            5. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \frac{1}{3} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2} + \color{blue}{x \cdot \left(\varepsilon + x \cdot \left(1 + \frac{4}{3} \cdot {\varepsilon}^{2}\right)\right)}, \varepsilon\right) \]
                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites98.3%

                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon, 1.3333333333333333, 1\right), \varepsilon\right)}, 0.3333333333333333 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right), \varepsilon\right) \]
                              2. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, {x}^{2}, \varepsilon\right) \]
                              3. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites98.2%

                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\varepsilon, x \cdot x, \varepsilon\right) \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing

                                Developer Target 1: 99.9% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

                                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)} \end{array} \]
                                (FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (/ (sin eps) (* (cos x) (cos (+ x eps)))))
                                double code(double x, double eps) {
                                	return sin(eps) / (cos(x) * cos((x + eps)));
                                }
                                
                                real(8) function code(x, eps)
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
                                    code = sin(eps) / (cos(x) * cos((x + eps)))
                                end function
                                
                                public static double code(double x, double eps) {
                                	return Math.sin(eps) / (Math.cos(x) * Math.cos((x + eps)));
                                }
                                
                                def code(x, eps):
                                	return math.sin(eps) / (math.cos(x) * math.cos((x + eps)))
                                
                                function code(x, eps)
                                	return Float64(sin(eps) / Float64(cos(x) * cos(Float64(x + eps))))
                                end
                                
                                function tmp = code(x, eps)
                                	tmp = sin(eps) / (cos(x) * cos((x + eps)));
                                end
                                
                                code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Sin[eps], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                
                                \begin{array}{l}
                                
                                \\
                                \frac{\sin \varepsilon}{\cos x \cdot \cos \left(x + \varepsilon\right)}
                                \end{array}
                                

                                Developer Target 2: 62.8% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

                                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon} - \tan x \end{array} \]
                                (FPCore (x eps)
                                 :precision binary64
                                 (- (/ (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (- 1.0 (* (tan x) (tan eps)))) (tan x)))
                                double code(double x, double eps) {
                                	return ((tan(x) + tan(eps)) / (1.0 - (tan(x) * tan(eps)))) - tan(x);
                                }
                                
                                real(8) function code(x, eps)
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
                                    code = ((tan(x) + tan(eps)) / (1.0d0 - (tan(x) * tan(eps)))) - tan(x)
                                end function
                                
                                public static double code(double x, double eps) {
                                	return ((Math.tan(x) + Math.tan(eps)) / (1.0 - (Math.tan(x) * Math.tan(eps)))) - Math.tan(x);
                                }
                                
                                def code(x, eps):
                                	return ((math.tan(x) + math.tan(eps)) / (1.0 - (math.tan(x) * math.tan(eps)))) - math.tan(x)
                                
                                function code(x, eps)
                                	return Float64(Float64(Float64(tan(x) + tan(eps)) / Float64(1.0 - Float64(tan(x) * tan(eps)))) - tan(x))
                                end
                                
                                function tmp = code(x, eps)
                                	tmp = ((tan(x) + tan(eps)) / (1.0 - (tan(x) * tan(eps)))) - tan(x);
                                end
                                
                                code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision] + N[Tan[eps], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[eps], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                
                                \begin{array}{l}
                                
                                \\
                                \frac{\tan x + \tan \varepsilon}{1 - \tan x \cdot \tan \varepsilon} - \tan x
                                \end{array}
                                

                                Developer Target 3: 98.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

                                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \varepsilon + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \tan x \end{array} \]
                                (FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (+ eps (* (* eps (tan x)) (tan x))))
                                double code(double x, double eps) {
                                	return eps + ((eps * tan(x)) * tan(x));
                                }
                                
                                real(8) function code(x, eps)
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
                                    code = eps + ((eps * tan(x)) * tan(x))
                                end function
                                
                                public static double code(double x, double eps) {
                                	return eps + ((eps * Math.tan(x)) * Math.tan(x));
                                }
                                
                                def code(x, eps):
                                	return eps + ((eps * math.tan(x)) * math.tan(x))
                                
                                function code(x, eps)
                                	return Float64(eps + Float64(Float64(eps * tan(x)) * tan(x)))
                                end
                                
                                function tmp = code(x, eps)
                                	tmp = eps + ((eps * tan(x)) * tan(x));
                                end
                                
                                code[x_, eps_] := N[(eps + N[(N[(eps * N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                
                                \begin{array}{l}
                                
                                \\
                                \varepsilon + \left(\varepsilon \cdot \tan x\right) \cdot \tan x
                                \end{array}
                                

                                Reproduce

                                ?
                                herbie shell --seed 2024234 
                                (FPCore (x eps)
                                  :name "2tan (problem 3.3.2)"
                                  :precision binary64
                                  :pre (and (and (and (<= -10000.0 x) (<= x 10000.0)) (< (* 1e-16 (fabs x)) eps)) (< eps (fabs x)))
                                
                                  :alt
                                  (! :herbie-platform default (/ (sin eps) (* (cos x) (cos (+ x eps)))))
                                
                                  :alt
                                  (! :herbie-platform default (- (/ (+ (tan x) (tan eps)) (- 1 (* (tan x) (tan eps)))) (tan x)))
                                
                                  :alt
                                  (! :herbie-platform default (+ eps (* eps (tan x) (tan x))))
                                
                                  (- (tan (+ x eps)) (tan x)))