Numeric.SpecFunctions:logGammaL from math-functions-0.1.5.2

Percentage Accurate: 99.6% → 99.2%
Time: 13.4s
Alternatives: 10
Speedup: N/A×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((Math.log((x + y)) + Math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return ((math.log((x + y)) + math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t))
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 10 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((Math.log((x + y)) + Math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return ((math.log((x + y)) + math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t))
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\ \\ \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log z - t\right) \end{array} \]
NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (log y) (fma (log t) (+ a -0.5) (- (log z) t))))
assert(x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a);
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return log(y) + fma(log(t), (a + -0.5), (log(z) - t));
}
x, y, z, t, a = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(log(y) + fma(log(t), Float64(a + -0.5), Float64(log(z) - t)))
end
NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
[x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\
\\
\log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log z - t\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.6%

    \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate--l+N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
    2. lower-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
    3. lower-log.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y} + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right) \]
    4. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \log y + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log z\right)} - t\right) \]
    5. associate--l+N/A

      \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} \]
    6. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log z - t\right)} \]
    7. lower-log.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\log t}, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log z - t\right) \]
    8. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}, \log z - t\right) \]
    9. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}, \log z - t\right) \]
    10. lower-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a + \frac{-1}{2}}, \log z - t\right) \]
    11. lower--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + \frac{-1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log z - t}\right) \]
    12. lower-log.f6466.7

      \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \color{blue}{\log z} - t\right) \]
  5. Applied rewrites66.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log z - t\right)} \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 91.3% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \left(\left(\log z + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) - t\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\ t_2 := a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -5 \cdot 10^{+27}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2 - t\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 860:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(y \cdot z\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5, t\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z + t\_2\right) - t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (+ (- (+ (log z) (log (+ x y))) t) (* (log t) (- a 0.5))))
        (t_2 (* a (log t))))
   (if (<= t_1 -5e+27)
     (- t_2 t)
     (if (<= t_1 860.0)
       (- (log (* y z)) (fma (log t) 0.5 t))
       (- (+ (log z) t_2) t)))))
assert(x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a);
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double t_1 = ((log(z) + log((x + y))) - t) + (log(t) * (a - 0.5));
	double t_2 = a * log(t);
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -5e+27) {
		tmp = t_2 - t;
	} else if (t_1 <= 860.0) {
		tmp = log((y * z)) - fma(log(t), 0.5, t);
	} else {
		tmp = (log(z) + t_2) - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
x, y, z, t, a = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(log(z) + log(Float64(x + y))) - t) + Float64(log(t) * Float64(a - 0.5)))
	t_2 = Float64(a * log(t))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= -5e+27)
		tmp = Float64(t_2 - t);
	elseif (t_1 <= 860.0)
		tmp = Float64(log(Float64(y * z)) - fma(log(t), 0.5, t));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(log(z) + t_2) - t);
	end
	return tmp
end
NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -5e+27], N[(t$95$2 - t), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 860.0], N[(N[Log[N[(y * z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5 + t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
[x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \left(\left(\log z + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) - t\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\\
t_2 := a \cdot \log t\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -5 \cdot 10^{+27}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_2 - t\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 860:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(y \cdot z\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5, t\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\log z + t\_2\right) - t\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (+.f64 (-.f64 (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) t) (*.f64 (-.f64 a #s(literal 1/2 binary64)) (log.f64 t))) < -4.99999999999999979e27

    1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
      2. lower-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
      3. lower-log.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y} + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right) \]
      4. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \log y + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log z\right)} - t\right) \]
      5. associate--l+N/A

        \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} \]
      6. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log z - t\right)} \]
      7. lower-log.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\log t}, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log z - t\right) \]
      8. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}, \log z - t\right) \]
      9. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}, \log z - t\right) \]
      10. lower-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a + \frac{-1}{2}}, \log z - t\right) \]
      11. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + \frac{-1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log z - t}\right) \]
      12. lower-log.f6472.2

        \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \color{blue}{\log z} - t\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites72.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log z - t\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites72.2%

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log y\right) + \log z\right) - \color{blue}{t} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \log t - t \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites99.9%

          \[\leadsto \log t \cdot a - t \]

        if -4.99999999999999979e27 < (+.f64 (-.f64 (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) t) (*.f64 (-.f64 a #s(literal 1/2 binary64)) (log.f64 t))) < 860

        1. Initial program 99.0%

          \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} \]
          2. lift--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
          3. associate-+l-N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
          4. lower--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
          5. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
          6. lift-log.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right)} + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
          7. lift-log.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\log z}\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
          8. sum-logN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
          9. lower-log.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
          10. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
          11. lower--.f6492.5

            \[\leadsto \log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right) - \color{blue}{\left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
          12. lift--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right) - \left(t - \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \log t\right) \]
          13. sub-negN/A

            \[\leadsto \log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right) - \left(t - \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \log t\right) \]
          14. lower-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right) - \left(t - \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \log t\right) \]
          15. metadata-eval92.5

            \[\leadsto \log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right) - \left(t - \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
        4. Applied rewrites92.5%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right) - \left(t - \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
        5. Taylor expanded in x around 0

          \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot z\right)} - \left(t - \left(a + \frac{-1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-*.f6449.6

            \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot z\right)} - \left(t - \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
        7. Applied rewrites49.6%

          \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot z\right)} - \left(t - \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
        8. Taylor expanded in a around 0

          \[\leadsto \log \left(y \cdot z\right) - \color{blue}{\left(t - \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)} \]
        9. Step-by-step derivation
          1. cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

            \[\leadsto \log \left(y \cdot z\right) - \color{blue}{\left(t + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
          2. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \log \left(y \cdot z\right) - \left(t + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \log t\right) \]
          3. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \log \left(y \cdot z\right) - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \log t + t\right)} \]
          4. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \log \left(y \cdot z\right) - \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \frac{1}{2}} + t\right) \]
          5. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \log \left(y \cdot z\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \frac{1}{2}, t\right)} \]
          6. lower-log.f6446.5

            \[\leadsto \log \left(y \cdot z\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\log t}, 0.5, t\right) \]
        10. Applied rewrites46.5%

          \[\leadsto \log \left(y \cdot z\right) - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5, t\right)} \]

        if 860 < (+.f64 (-.f64 (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) t) (*.f64 (-.f64 a #s(literal 1/2 binary64)) (log.f64 t)))

        1. Initial program 99.6%

          \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate--l+N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
          2. lower-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
          3. lower-log.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y} + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right) \]
          4. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \log y + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log z\right)} - t\right) \]
          5. associate--l+N/A

            \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} \]
          6. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log z - t\right)} \]
          7. lower-log.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\log t}, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log z - t\right) \]
          8. sub-negN/A

            \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}, \log z - t\right) \]
          9. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}, \log z - t\right) \]
          10. lower-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a + \frac{-1}{2}}, \log z - t\right) \]
          11. lower--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + \frac{-1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log z - t}\right) \]
          12. lower-log.f6462.7

            \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \color{blue}{\log z} - t\right) \]
        5. Applied rewrites62.7%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log z - t\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites62.6%

            \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log y\right) + \log z\right) - \color{blue}{t} \]
          2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

            \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot \log t + \log z\right) - t \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites82.9%

              \[\leadsto \left(\log t \cdot a + \log z\right) - t \]
          4. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
          5. Final simplification85.4%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\left(\log z + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) - t\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right) \leq -5 \cdot 10^{+27}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t - t\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(\log z + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) - t\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right) \leq 860:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(y \cdot z\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, 0.5, t\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z + a \cdot \log t\right) - t\\ \end{array} \]
          6. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 3: 92.5% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \log z + \log \left(x + y\right)\\ t_2 := \left(\log z + a \cdot \log t\right) - t\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -800:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 608:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
          (FPCore (x y z t a)
           :precision binary64
           (let* ((t_1 (+ (log z) (log (+ x y)))) (t_2 (- (+ (log z) (* a (log t))) t)))
             (if (<= t_1 -800.0)
               t_2
               (if (<= t_1 608.0) (- (fma (log t) (+ a -0.5) (log (* y z))) t) t_2))))
          assert(x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a);
          double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
          	double t_1 = log(z) + log((x + y));
          	double t_2 = (log(z) + (a * log(t))) - t;
          	double tmp;
          	if (t_1 <= -800.0) {
          		tmp = t_2;
          	} else if (t_1 <= 608.0) {
          		tmp = fma(log(t), (a + -0.5), log((y * z))) - t;
          	} else {
          		tmp = t_2;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          x, y, z, t, a = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
          function code(x, y, z, t, a)
          	t_1 = Float64(log(z) + log(Float64(x + y)))
          	t_2 = Float64(Float64(log(z) + Float64(a * log(t))) - t)
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (t_1 <= -800.0)
          		tmp = t_2;
          	elseif (t_1 <= 608.0)
          		tmp = Float64(fma(log(t), Float64(a + -0.5), log(Float64(y * z))) - t);
          	else
          		tmp = t_2;
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
          code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -800.0], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 608.0], N[(N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(y * z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision], t$95$2]]]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          t_1 := \log z + \log \left(x + y\right)\\
          t_2 := \left(\log z + a \cdot \log t\right) - t\\
          \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -800:\\
          \;\;\;\;t\_2\\
          
          \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 608:\\
          \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;t\_2\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 2 regimes
          2. if (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < -800 or 608 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z))

            1. Initial program 99.6%

              \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. associate--l+N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
              2. lower-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
              3. lower-log.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y} + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right) \]
              4. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \log y + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log z\right)} - t\right) \]
              5. associate--l+N/A

                \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} \]
              6. lower-fma.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log z - t\right)} \]
              7. lower-log.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\log t}, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log z - t\right) \]
              8. sub-negN/A

                \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}, \log z - t\right) \]
              9. metadata-evalN/A

                \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}, \log z - t\right) \]
              10. lower-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a + \frac{-1}{2}}, \log z - t\right) \]
              11. lower--.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + \frac{-1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log z - t}\right) \]
              12. lower-log.f6458.4

                \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \color{blue}{\log z} - t\right) \]
            5. Applied rewrites58.4%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log z - t\right)} \]
            6. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites58.4%

                \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log y\right) + \log z\right) - \color{blue}{t} \]
              2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

                \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot \log t + \log z\right) - t \]
              3. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites78.3%

                  \[\leadsto \left(\log t \cdot a + \log z\right) - t \]

                if -800 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < 608

                1. Initial program 99.7%

                  \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lift-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} \]
                  2. lift--.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  3. associate-+l-N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
                  4. lower--.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
                  5. lift-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
                  6. lift-log.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right)} + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
                  7. lift-log.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\log z}\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
                  8. sum-logN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
                  9. lower-log.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
                  10. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
                  11. lower--.f6499.6

                    \[\leadsto \log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right) - \color{blue}{\left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
                  12. lift--.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right) - \left(t - \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \log t\right) \]
                  13. sub-negN/A

                    \[\leadsto \log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right) - \left(t - \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \log t\right) \]
                  14. lower-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right) - \left(t - \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \log t\right) \]
                  15. metadata-eval99.6

                    \[\leadsto \log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right) - \left(t - \left(a + \color{blue}{-0.5}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
                4. Applied rewrites99.6%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right) - \left(t - \left(a + -0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
                5. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(y \cdot z\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t} \]
                6. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower--.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(y \cdot z\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t} \]
                  2. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right)} - t \]
                  3. lower-fma.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right)} - t \]
                  4. lower-log.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\log t}, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t \]
                  5. sub-negN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}, \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t \]
                  6. metadata-evalN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}, \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t \]
                  7. lower-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a + \frac{-1}{2}}, \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t \]
                  8. lower-log.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + \frac{-1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log \left(y \cdot z\right)}\right) - t \]
                  9. lower-*.f6467.1

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot z\right)}\right) - t \]
                7. Applied rewrites67.1%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t} \]
              4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
              5. Final simplification70.1%

                \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\log z + \log \left(x + y\right) \leq -800:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z + a \cdot \log t\right) - t\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\log z + \log \left(x + y\right) \leq 608:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z + a \cdot \log t\right) - t\\ \end{array} \]
              6. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 4: 97.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 10^{-17}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log z\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z + a \cdot \log t\right) - t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
              NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
              (FPCore (x y z t a)
               :precision binary64
               (if (<= t 1e-17)
                 (+ (log y) (fma (log t) (+ a -0.5) (log z)))
                 (- (+ (log z) (* a (log t))) t)))
              assert(x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a);
              double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
              	double tmp;
              	if (t <= 1e-17) {
              		tmp = log(y) + fma(log(t), (a + -0.5), log(z));
              	} else {
              		tmp = (log(z) + (a * log(t))) - t;
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              x, y, z, t, a = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
              function code(x, y, z, t, a)
              	tmp = 0.0
              	if (t <= 1e-17)
              		tmp = Float64(log(y) + fma(log(t), Float64(a + -0.5), log(z)));
              	else
              		tmp = Float64(Float64(log(z) + Float64(a * log(t))) - t);
              	end
              	return tmp
              end
              
              NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
              code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[LessEqual[t, 1e-17], N[(N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a + -0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\
              \\
              \begin{array}{l}
              \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 10^{-17}:\\
              \;\;\;\;\log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log z\right)\\
              
              \mathbf{else}:\\
              \;\;\;\;\left(\log z + a \cdot \log t\right) - t\\
              
              
              \end{array}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Split input into 2 regimes
              2. if t < 1.00000000000000007e-17

                1. Initial program 99.3%

                  \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. associate--l+N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
                  2. lower-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
                  3. lower-log.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y} + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right) \]
                  4. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \log y + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log z\right)} - t\right) \]
                  5. associate--l+N/A

                    \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} \]
                  6. lower-fma.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log z - t\right)} \]
                  7. lower-log.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\log t}, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log z - t\right) \]
                  8. sub-negN/A

                    \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}, \log z - t\right) \]
                  9. metadata-evalN/A

                    \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}, \log z - t\right) \]
                  10. lower-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a + \frac{-1}{2}}, \log z - t\right) \]
                  11. lower--.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + \frac{-1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log z - t}\right) \]
                  12. lower-log.f6458.3

                    \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \color{blue}{\log z} - t\right) \]
                5. Applied rewrites58.3%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log z - t\right)} \]
                6. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                  \[\leadsto \log y + \left(\log z + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites58.3%

                    \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a + -0.5}, \log z\right) \]

                  if 1.00000000000000007e-17 < t

                  1. Initial program 99.9%

                    \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. associate--l+N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
                    2. lower-+.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
                    3. lower-log.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y} + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right) \]
                    4. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \log y + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log z\right)} - t\right) \]
                    5. associate--l+N/A

                      \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} \]
                    6. lower-fma.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log z - t\right)} \]
                    7. lower-log.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\log t}, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log z - t\right) \]
                    8. sub-negN/A

                      \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}, \log z - t\right) \]
                    9. metadata-evalN/A

                      \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}, \log z - t\right) \]
                    10. lower-+.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a + \frac{-1}{2}}, \log z - t\right) \]
                    11. lower--.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + \frac{-1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log z - t}\right) \]
                    12. lower-log.f6472.9

                      \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \color{blue}{\log z} - t\right) \]
                  5. Applied rewrites72.9%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log z - t\right)} \]
                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites72.9%

                      \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log y\right) + \log z\right) - \color{blue}{t} \]
                    2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

                      \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot \log t + \log z\right) - t \]
                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites98.5%

                        \[\leadsto \left(\log t \cdot a + \log z\right) - t \]
                    4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                    5. Final simplification81.5%

                      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 10^{-17}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log z\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z + a \cdot \log t\right) - t\\ \end{array} \]
                    6. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 5: 76.6% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\ \\ \left(-t\right) + \left(a \cdot \log t\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-0.5}{a}\right) \end{array} \]
                    NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                    (FPCore (x y z t a)
                     :precision binary64
                     (+ (- t) (* (* a (log t)) (+ 1.0 (/ -0.5 a)))))
                    assert(x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a);
                    double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                    	return -t + ((a * log(t)) * (1.0 + (-0.5 / a)));
                    }
                    
                    NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                    real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                        real(8), intent (in) :: z
                        real(8), intent (in) :: t
                        real(8), intent (in) :: a
                        code = -t + ((a * log(t)) * (1.0d0 + ((-0.5d0) / a)))
                    end function
                    
                    assert x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a;
                    public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                    	return -t + ((a * Math.log(t)) * (1.0 + (-0.5 / a)));
                    }
                    
                    [x, y, z, t, a] = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
                    def code(x, y, z, t, a):
                    	return -t + ((a * math.log(t)) * (1.0 + (-0.5 / a)))
                    
                    x, y, z, t, a = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
                    function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                    	return Float64(Float64(-t) + Float64(Float64(a * log(t)) * Float64(1.0 + Float64(-0.5 / a))))
                    end
                    
                    x, y, z, t, a = num2cell(sort([x, y, z, t, a])){:}
                    function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
                    	tmp = -t + ((a * log(t)) * (1.0 + (-0.5 / a)));
                    end
                    
                    NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                    code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[((-t) + N[(N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + N[(-0.5 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\
                    \\
                    \left(-t\right) + \left(a \cdot \log t\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-0.5}{a}\right)
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Initial program 99.6%

                      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in t around -inf

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{\log z + \log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. mul-1-negN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(t \cdot \left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{\log z + \log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right)\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      2. +-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log z + \log \left(x + y\right)}{t} + 1\right)}\right)\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      3. distribute-rgt-inN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log z + \log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right) \cdot t + 1 \cdot t\right)}\right)\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      4. *-lft-identityN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log z + \log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right) \cdot t + \color{blue}{t}\right)\right)\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      5. distribute-neg-inN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log z + \log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right) \cdot t\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right)\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      6. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log z + \log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)}\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right)\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      7. mul-1-negN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\log z + \log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right)}\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right)\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      8. distribute-rgt-neg-outN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(t \cdot \frac{\log z + \log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right)}\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right)\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      9. remove-double-negN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{t \cdot \frac{\log z + \log \left(x + y\right)}{t}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right)\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      10. lower-fma.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(x + y\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                    5. Applied rewrites99.6%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, -t\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                    6. Taylor expanded in a around inf

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(\log t + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{\log t}{a}\right)} \]
                    7. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. *-lft-identityN/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + a \cdot \left(\color{blue}{1 \cdot \log t} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{\log t}{a}\right) \]
                      2. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + a \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot 1} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{\log t}{a}\right) \]
                      3. associate-*r/N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + a \cdot \left(\log t \cdot 1 + \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t}{a}}\right) \]
                      4. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + a \cdot \left(\log t \cdot 1 + \frac{\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \frac{-1}{2}}}{a}\right) \]
                      5. associate-/l*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + a \cdot \left(\log t \cdot 1 + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot \frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{a}}\right) \]
                      6. distribute-lft-inN/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{a}\right)\right)} \]
                      7. metadata-evalN/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + a \cdot \left(\log t \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}}{a}\right)\right) \]
                      8. distribute-neg-fracN/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + a \cdot \left(\log t \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a}\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]
                      9. metadata-evalN/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + a \cdot \left(\log t \cdot \left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1}}{a}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                      10. associate-*r/N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + a \cdot \left(\log t \cdot \left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{a}}\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                      11. sub-negN/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + a \cdot \left(\log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right)}\right) \]
                      12. associate-*r*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right)} \]
                      13. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right)} \]
                      14. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot a\right)} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right) \]
                      15. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot a\right)} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right) \]
                      16. lower-log.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + \left(\color{blue}{\log t} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right) \]
                      17. sub-negN/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + \left(\log t \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{a}\right)\right)\right)} \]
                      18. associate-*r/N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + \left(\log t \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1}{a}}\right)\right)\right) \]
                      19. metadata-evalN/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + \left(\log t \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}}{a}\right)\right)\right) \]
                      20. distribute-neg-fracN/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + \left(\log t \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 + \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}{a}}\right) \]
                      21. metadata-evalN/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, \mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right) + \left(\log t \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}}{a}\right) \]
                    8. Applied rewrites99.6%

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(t, \frac{\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)}{t}, -t\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-0.5}{a}\right)} \]
                    9. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} + \left(\log t \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{a}\right) \]
                    10. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. mul-1-negN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right)} + \left(\log t \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{a}\right) \]
                      2. lower-neg.f6480.8

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-t\right)} + \left(\log t \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-0.5}{a}\right) \]
                    11. Applied rewrites80.8%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-t\right)} + \left(\log t \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-0.5}{a}\right) \]
                    12. Final simplification80.8%

                      \[\leadsto \left(-t\right) + \left(a \cdot \log t\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-0.5}{a}\right) \]
                    13. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 6: 62.1% accurate, 2.7× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -2.2 \cdot 10^{+113}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 2.85 \cdot 10^{+85}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log y + \left(-t\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                    NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                    (FPCore (x y z t a)
                     :precision binary64
                     (let* ((t_1 (* a (log t))))
                       (if (<= a -2.2e+113) t_1 (if (<= a 2.85e+85) (+ (log y) (- t)) t_1))))
                    assert(x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a);
                    double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                    	double t_1 = a * log(t);
                    	double tmp;
                    	if (a <= -2.2e+113) {
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	} else if (a <= 2.85e+85) {
                    		tmp = log(y) + -t;
                    	} else {
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	}
                    	return tmp;
                    }
                    
                    NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                    real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                        real(8), intent (in) :: z
                        real(8), intent (in) :: t
                        real(8), intent (in) :: a
                        real(8) :: t_1
                        real(8) :: tmp
                        t_1 = a * log(t)
                        if (a <= (-2.2d+113)) then
                            tmp = t_1
                        else if (a <= 2.85d+85) then
                            tmp = log(y) + -t
                        else
                            tmp = t_1
                        end if
                        code = tmp
                    end function
                    
                    assert x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a;
                    public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                    	double t_1 = a * Math.log(t);
                    	double tmp;
                    	if (a <= -2.2e+113) {
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	} else if (a <= 2.85e+85) {
                    		tmp = Math.log(y) + -t;
                    	} else {
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	}
                    	return tmp;
                    }
                    
                    [x, y, z, t, a] = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
                    def code(x, y, z, t, a):
                    	t_1 = a * math.log(t)
                    	tmp = 0
                    	if a <= -2.2e+113:
                    		tmp = t_1
                    	elif a <= 2.85e+85:
                    		tmp = math.log(y) + -t
                    	else:
                    		tmp = t_1
                    	return tmp
                    
                    x, y, z, t, a = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
                    function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                    	t_1 = Float64(a * log(t))
                    	tmp = 0.0
                    	if (a <= -2.2e+113)
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	elseif (a <= 2.85e+85)
                    		tmp = Float64(log(y) + Float64(-t));
                    	else
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	end
                    	return tmp
                    end
                    
                    x, y, z, t, a = num2cell(sort([x, y, z, t, a])){:}
                    function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
                    	t_1 = a * log(t);
                    	tmp = 0.0;
                    	if (a <= -2.2e+113)
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	elseif (a <= 2.85e+85)
                    		tmp = log(y) + -t;
                    	else
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	end
                    	tmp_2 = tmp;
                    end
                    
                    NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                    code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, -2.2e+113], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[a, 2.85e+85], N[(N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision] + (-t)), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]]]
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\
                    \\
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    t_1 := a \cdot \log t\\
                    \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -2.2 \cdot 10^{+113}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
                    
                    \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 2.85 \cdot 10^{+85}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;\log y + \left(-t\right)\\
                    
                    \mathbf{else}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
                    
                    
                    \end{array}
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Split input into 2 regimes
                    2. if a < -2.2000000000000001e113 or 2.8500000000000001e85 < a

                      1. Initial program 99.7%

                        \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
                        2. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
                        3. lower-log.f6487.7

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t} \cdot a \]
                      5. Applied rewrites87.7%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

                      if -2.2000000000000001e113 < a < 2.8500000000000001e85

                      1. Initial program 99.6%

                        \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. associate--l+N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
                        2. lower-+.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
                        3. lower-log.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y} + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right) \]
                        4. +-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \log y + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log z\right)} - t\right) \]
                        5. associate--l+N/A

                          \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} \]
                        6. lower-fma.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log z - t\right)} \]
                        7. lower-log.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\log t}, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log z - t\right) \]
                        8. sub-negN/A

                          \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}, \log z - t\right) \]
                        9. metadata-evalN/A

                          \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}, \log z - t\right) \]
                        10. lower-+.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a + \frac{-1}{2}}, \log z - t\right) \]
                        11. lower--.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + \frac{-1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log z - t}\right) \]
                        12. lower-log.f6463.7

                          \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \color{blue}{\log z} - t\right) \]
                      5. Applied rewrites63.7%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log z - t\right)} \]
                      6. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                        \[\leadsto \log y + -1 \cdot \color{blue}{t} \]
                      7. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites43.9%

                          \[\leadsto \log y + \left(-t\right) \]
                      8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                      9. Final simplification58.9%

                        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -2.2 \cdot 10^{+113}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 2.85 \cdot 10^{+85}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log y + \left(-t\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t\\ \end{array} \]
                      10. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 7: 76.6% accurate, 2.8× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\ \\ \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right) + \left(-t\right) \end{array} \]
                      NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                      (FPCore (x y z t a) :precision binary64 (+ (* (log t) (- a 0.5)) (- t)))
                      assert(x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a);
                      double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                      	return (log(t) * (a - 0.5)) + -t;
                      }
                      
                      NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                      real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          real(8), intent (in) :: z
                          real(8), intent (in) :: t
                          real(8), intent (in) :: a
                          code = (log(t) * (a - 0.5d0)) + -t
                      end function
                      
                      assert x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a;
                      public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                      	return (Math.log(t) * (a - 0.5)) + -t;
                      }
                      
                      [x, y, z, t, a] = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
                      def code(x, y, z, t, a):
                      	return (math.log(t) * (a - 0.5)) + -t
                      
                      x, y, z, t, a = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
                      function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                      	return Float64(Float64(log(t) * Float64(a - 0.5)) + Float64(-t))
                      end
                      
                      x, y, z, t, a = num2cell(sort([x, y, z, t, a])){:}
                      function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
                      	tmp = (log(t) * (a - 0.5)) + -t;
                      end
                      
                      NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                      code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + (-t)), $MachinePrecision]
                      
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\
                      \\
                      \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right) + \left(-t\right)
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Initial program 99.6%

                        \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. mul-1-negN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                        2. lower-neg.f6480.8

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-t\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      5. Applied rewrites80.8%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-t\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      6. Final simplification80.8%

                        \[\leadsto \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right) + \left(-t\right) \]
                      7. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 8: 61.4% accurate, 2.9× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{+49}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                      NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                      (FPCore (x y z t a)
                       :precision binary64
                       (if (<= t 1.4e+49) (* a (log t)) (- t)))
                      assert(x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a);
                      double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                      	double tmp;
                      	if (t <= 1.4e+49) {
                      		tmp = a * log(t);
                      	} else {
                      		tmp = -t;
                      	}
                      	return tmp;
                      }
                      
                      NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                      real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          real(8), intent (in) :: z
                          real(8), intent (in) :: t
                          real(8), intent (in) :: a
                          real(8) :: tmp
                          if (t <= 1.4d+49) then
                              tmp = a * log(t)
                          else
                              tmp = -t
                          end if
                          code = tmp
                      end function
                      
                      assert x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a;
                      public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                      	double tmp;
                      	if (t <= 1.4e+49) {
                      		tmp = a * Math.log(t);
                      	} else {
                      		tmp = -t;
                      	}
                      	return tmp;
                      }
                      
                      [x, y, z, t, a] = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
                      def code(x, y, z, t, a):
                      	tmp = 0
                      	if t <= 1.4e+49:
                      		tmp = a * math.log(t)
                      	else:
                      		tmp = -t
                      	return tmp
                      
                      x, y, z, t, a = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
                      function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                      	tmp = 0.0
                      	if (t <= 1.4e+49)
                      		tmp = Float64(a * log(t));
                      	else
                      		tmp = Float64(-t);
                      	end
                      	return tmp
                      end
                      
                      x, y, z, t, a = num2cell(sort([x, y, z, t, a])){:}
                      function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
                      	tmp = 0.0;
                      	if (t <= 1.4e+49)
                      		tmp = a * log(t);
                      	else
                      		tmp = -t;
                      	end
                      	tmp_2 = tmp;
                      end
                      
                      NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                      code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[LessEqual[t, 1.4e+49], N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], (-t)]
                      
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\
                      \\
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{+49}:\\
                      \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t\\
                      
                      \mathbf{else}:\\
                      \;\;\;\;-t\\
                      
                      
                      \end{array}
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Split input into 2 regimes
                      2. if t < 1.3999999999999999e49

                        1. Initial program 99.4%

                          \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. *-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
                          2. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
                          3. lower-log.f6453.5

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t} \cdot a \]
                        5. Applied rewrites53.5%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

                        if 1.3999999999999999e49 < t

                        1. Initial program 100.0%

                          \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. mul-1-negN/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} \]
                          2. lower-neg.f6481.7

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
                        5. Applied rewrites81.7%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
                      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                      4. Final simplification66.1%

                        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{+49}:\\ \;\;\;\;a \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \]
                      5. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 9: 74.0% accurate, 2.9× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\ \\ a \cdot \log t - t \end{array} \]
                      NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                      (FPCore (x y z t a) :precision binary64 (- (* a (log t)) t))
                      assert(x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a);
                      double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                      	return (a * log(t)) - t;
                      }
                      
                      NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                      real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          real(8), intent (in) :: z
                          real(8), intent (in) :: t
                          real(8), intent (in) :: a
                          code = (a * log(t)) - t
                      end function
                      
                      assert x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a;
                      public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                      	return (a * Math.log(t)) - t;
                      }
                      
                      [x, y, z, t, a] = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
                      def code(x, y, z, t, a):
                      	return (a * math.log(t)) - t
                      
                      x, y, z, t, a = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
                      function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                      	return Float64(Float64(a * log(t)) - t)
                      end
                      
                      x, y, z, t, a = num2cell(sort([x, y, z, t, a])){:}
                      function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
                      	tmp = (a * log(t)) - t;
                      end
                      
                      NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                      code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(a * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]
                      
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\
                      \\
                      a \cdot \log t - t
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Initial program 99.6%

                        \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. associate--l+N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
                        2. lower-+.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
                        3. lower-log.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y} + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right) \]
                        4. +-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \log y + \left(\color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log z\right)} - t\right) \]
                        5. associate--l+N/A

                          \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} \]
                        6. lower-fma.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log z - t\right)} \]
                        7. lower-log.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\log t}, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log z - t\right) \]
                        8. sub-negN/A

                          \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}, \log z - t\right) \]
                        9. metadata-evalN/A

                          \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}, \log z - t\right) \]
                        10. lower-+.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a + \frac{-1}{2}}, \log z - t\right) \]
                        11. lower--.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + \frac{-1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log z - t}\right) \]
                        12. lower-log.f6466.7

                          \[\leadsto \log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \color{blue}{\log z} - t\right) \]
                      5. Applied rewrites66.7%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log z - t\right)} \]
                      6. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites66.7%

                          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a + -0.5, \log y\right) + \log z\right) - \color{blue}{t} \]
                        2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

                          \[\leadsto a \cdot \log t - t \]
                        3. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites78.0%

                            \[\leadsto \log t \cdot a - t \]
                          2. Final simplification78.0%

                            \[\leadsto a \cdot \log t - t \]
                          3. Add Preprocessing

                          Alternative 10: 38.3% accurate, 107.0× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\ \\ -t \end{array} \]
                          NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                          (FPCore (x y z t a) :precision binary64 (- t))
                          assert(x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a);
                          double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                          	return -t;
                          }
                          
                          NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                          real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              real(8), intent (in) :: z
                              real(8), intent (in) :: t
                              real(8), intent (in) :: a
                              code = -t
                          end function
                          
                          assert x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a;
                          public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                          	return -t;
                          }
                          
                          [x, y, z, t, a] = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
                          def code(x, y, z, t, a):
                          	return -t
                          
                          x, y, z, t, a = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
                          function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                          	return Float64(-t)
                          end
                          
                          x, y, z, t, a = num2cell(sort([x, y, z, t, a])){:}
                          function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
                          	tmp = -t;
                          end
                          
                          NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                          code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := (-t)
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\
                          \\
                          -t
                          \end{array}
                          
                          Derivation
                          1. Initial program 99.6%

                            \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. mul-1-negN/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} \]
                            2. lower-neg.f6441.2

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
                          5. Applied rewrites41.2%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
                          6. Add Preprocessing

                          Developer Target 1: 99.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) \end{array} \]
                          (FPCore (x y z t a)
                           :precision binary64
                           (+ (log (+ x y)) (+ (- (log z) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t)))))
                          double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                          	return log((x + y)) + ((log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t)));
                          }
                          
                          real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              real(8), intent (in) :: z
                              real(8), intent (in) :: t
                              real(8), intent (in) :: a
                              code = log((x + y)) + ((log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t)))
                          end function
                          
                          public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                          	return Math.log((x + y)) + ((Math.log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t)));
                          }
                          
                          def code(x, y, z, t, a):
                          	return math.log((x + y)) + ((math.log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t)))
                          
                          function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                          	return Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + Float64(Float64(log(z) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t))))
                          end
                          
                          function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
                          	tmp = log((x + y)) + ((log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t)));
                          end
                          
                          code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          
                          \\
                          \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)
                          \end{array}
                          

                          Reproduce

                          ?
                          herbie shell --seed 2024233 
                          (FPCore (x y z t a)
                            :name "Numeric.SpecFunctions:logGammaL from math-functions-0.1.5.2"
                            :precision binary64
                          
                            :alt
                            (! :herbie-platform default (+ (log (+ x y)) (+ (- (log z) t) (* (- a 1/2) (log t)))))
                          
                            (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))