Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (12)

Percentage Accurate: 66.1% → 79.1%
Time: 21.5s
Alternatives: 28
Speedup: 2.5×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (d h l M D)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (* (pow (/ d h) (/ 1.0 2.0)) (pow (/ d l) (/ 1.0 2.0)))
  (- 1.0 (* (* (/ 1.0 2.0) (pow (/ (* M D) (* 2.0 d)) 2.0)) (/ h l)))))
double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	return (pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0)) * (h / l)));
}
real(8) function code(d, h, l, m, d_1)
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    code = (((d / h) ** (1.0d0 / 2.0d0)) * ((d / l) ** (1.0d0 / 2.0d0))) * (1.0d0 - (((1.0d0 / 2.0d0) * (((m * d_1) / (2.0d0 * d)) ** 2.0d0)) * (h / l)))
end function
public static double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	return (Math.pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * Math.pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * Math.pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0)) * (h / l)));
}
def code(d, h, l, M, D):
	return (math.pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * math.pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * math.pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0)) * (h / l)))
function code(d, h, l, M, D)
	return Float64(Float64((Float64(d / h) ^ Float64(1.0 / 2.0)) * (Float64(d / l) ^ Float64(1.0 / 2.0))) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / 2.0) * (Float64(Float64(M * D) / Float64(2.0 * d)) ^ 2.0)) * Float64(h / l))))
end
function tmp = code(d, h, l, M, D)
	tmp = (((d / h) ^ (1.0 / 2.0)) * ((d / l) ^ (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * (((M * D) / (2.0 * d)) ^ 2.0)) * (h / l)));
end
code[d_, h_, l_, M_, D_] := N[(N[(N[Power[N[(d / h), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(d / l), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(N[(N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(M * D), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 28 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 66.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (d h l M D)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (* (pow (/ d h) (/ 1.0 2.0)) (pow (/ d l) (/ 1.0 2.0)))
  (- 1.0 (* (* (/ 1.0 2.0) (pow (/ (* M D) (* 2.0 d)) 2.0)) (/ h l)))))
double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	return (pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0)) * (h / l)));
}
real(8) function code(d, h, l, m, d_1)
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    code = (((d / h) ** (1.0d0 / 2.0d0)) * ((d / l) ** (1.0d0 / 2.0d0))) * (1.0d0 - (((1.0d0 / 2.0d0) * (((m * d_1) / (2.0d0 * d)) ** 2.0d0)) * (h / l)))
end function
public static double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	return (Math.pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * Math.pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * Math.pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0)) * (h / l)));
}
def code(d, h, l, M, D):
	return (math.pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * math.pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * math.pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0)) * (h / l)))
function code(d, h, l, M, D)
	return Float64(Float64((Float64(d / h) ^ Float64(1.0 / 2.0)) * (Float64(d / l) ^ Float64(1.0 / 2.0))) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / 2.0) * (Float64(Float64(M * D) / Float64(2.0 * d)) ^ 2.0)) * Float64(h / l))))
end
function tmp = code(d, h, l, M, D)
	tmp = (((d / h) ^ (1.0 / 2.0)) * ((d / l) ^ (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * (((M * D) / (2.0 * d)) ^ 2.0)) * (h / l)));
end
code[d_, h_, l_, M_, D_] := N[(N[(N[Power[N[(d / h), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(d / l), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(N[(N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(M * D), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 79.1% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 1 + \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{-1}{h}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;d \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{-d}}{\sqrt{-\ell}}\right) \cdot t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;d \leq 4.4 \cdot 10^{+206}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0 \cdot \left(\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{d}{\sqrt{h} \cdot \sqrt{\ell}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (d h l M D)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (+
          1.0
          (*
           (/ (/ (* M (* D 0.5)) (* d 2.0)) l)
           (/ (/ (* M D) (* d 2.0)) (/ -1.0 h))))))
   (if (<= d -2e-310)
     (* (* (sqrt (/ d h)) (/ (sqrt (- d)) (sqrt (- l)))) t_0)
     (if (<= d 4.4e+206)
       (* t_0 (* (/ (sqrt d) (sqrt h)) (sqrt (/ d l))))
       (/ d (* (sqrt h) (sqrt l)))))))
double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	double t_0 = 1.0 + ((((M * (D * 0.5)) / (d * 2.0)) / l) * (((M * D) / (d * 2.0)) / (-1.0 / h)));
	double tmp;
	if (d <= -2e-310) {
		tmp = (sqrt((d / h)) * (sqrt(-d) / sqrt(-l))) * t_0;
	} else if (d <= 4.4e+206) {
		tmp = t_0 * ((sqrt(d) / sqrt(h)) * sqrt((d / l)));
	} else {
		tmp = d / (sqrt(h) * sqrt(l));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(d, h, l, m, d_1)
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = 1.0d0 + ((((m * (d_1 * 0.5d0)) / (d * 2.0d0)) / l) * (((m * d_1) / (d * 2.0d0)) / ((-1.0d0) / h)))
    if (d <= (-2d-310)) then
        tmp = (sqrt((d / h)) * (sqrt(-d) / sqrt(-l))) * t_0
    else if (d <= 4.4d+206) then
        tmp = t_0 * ((sqrt(d) / sqrt(h)) * sqrt((d / l)))
    else
        tmp = d / (sqrt(h) * sqrt(l))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	double t_0 = 1.0 + ((((M * (D * 0.5)) / (d * 2.0)) / l) * (((M * D) / (d * 2.0)) / (-1.0 / h)));
	double tmp;
	if (d <= -2e-310) {
		tmp = (Math.sqrt((d / h)) * (Math.sqrt(-d) / Math.sqrt(-l))) * t_0;
	} else if (d <= 4.4e+206) {
		tmp = t_0 * ((Math.sqrt(d) / Math.sqrt(h)) * Math.sqrt((d / l)));
	} else {
		tmp = d / (Math.sqrt(h) * Math.sqrt(l));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(d, h, l, M, D):
	t_0 = 1.0 + ((((M * (D * 0.5)) / (d * 2.0)) / l) * (((M * D) / (d * 2.0)) / (-1.0 / h)))
	tmp = 0
	if d <= -2e-310:
		tmp = (math.sqrt((d / h)) * (math.sqrt(-d) / math.sqrt(-l))) * t_0
	elif d <= 4.4e+206:
		tmp = t_0 * ((math.sqrt(d) / math.sqrt(h)) * math.sqrt((d / l)))
	else:
		tmp = d / (math.sqrt(h) * math.sqrt(l))
	return tmp
function code(d, h, l, M, D)
	t_0 = Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(M * Float64(D * 0.5)) / Float64(d * 2.0)) / l) * Float64(Float64(Float64(M * D) / Float64(d * 2.0)) / Float64(-1.0 / h))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (d <= -2e-310)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(d / h)) * Float64(sqrt(Float64(-d)) / sqrt(Float64(-l)))) * t_0);
	elseif (d <= 4.4e+206)
		tmp = Float64(t_0 * Float64(Float64(sqrt(d) / sqrt(h)) * sqrt(Float64(d / l))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(d / Float64(sqrt(h) * sqrt(l)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(d, h, l, M, D)
	t_0 = 1.0 + ((((M * (D * 0.5)) / (d * 2.0)) / l) * (((M * D) / (d * 2.0)) / (-1.0 / h)));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (d <= -2e-310)
		tmp = (sqrt((d / h)) * (sqrt(-d) / sqrt(-l))) * t_0;
	elseif (d <= 4.4e+206)
		tmp = t_0 * ((sqrt(d) / sqrt(h)) * sqrt((d / l)));
	else
		tmp = d / (sqrt(h) * sqrt(l));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[d_, h_, l_, M_, D_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(1.0 + N[(N[(N[(N[(M * N[(D * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(d * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / l), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(M * D), $MachinePrecision] / N[(d * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(-1.0 / h), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[d, -2e-310], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(d / h), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[(-d)], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[(-l)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[d, 4.4e+206], N[(t$95$0 * N[(N[(N[Sqrt[d], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[h], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(d / l), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(d / N[(N[Sqrt[h], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[l], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 1 + \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{-1}{h}}\\
\mathbf{if}\;d \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{-d}}{\sqrt{-\ell}}\right) \cdot t\_0\\

\mathbf{elif}\;d \leq 4.4 \cdot 10^{+206}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_0 \cdot \left(\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{d}{\sqrt{h} \cdot \sqrt{\ell}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if d < -1.999999999999994e-310

    1. Initial program 59.3%

      \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
      3. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
      4. un-div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
      5. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      6. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      8. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right) \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      9. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right) \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      10. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      11. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
    4. Applied rewrites66.7%

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      2. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      3. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      4. unpow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      5. lower-sqrt.f6466.7

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    6. Applied rewrites66.7%

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval66.7

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\color{blue}{0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      3. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      4. pow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      5. lower-sqrt.f6466.7

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    8. Applied rewrites66.7%

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{d}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      2. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      3. frac-2negN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(d\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\ell\right)}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      4. lift-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(d\right)}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\ell\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      5. sqrt-divN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(d\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\ell\right)}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      6. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(d\right)}}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\ell\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      7. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(d\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\ell\right)}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      8. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(d\right)}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\ell\right)}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      9. lower-neg.f6480.0

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{-d}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{-\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    10. Applied rewrites80.0%

      \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{-d}}{\sqrt{-\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]

    if -1.999999999999994e-310 < d < 4.40000000000000003e206

    1. Initial program 67.6%

      \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
      3. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
      4. un-div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
      5. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      6. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      8. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right) \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      9. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right) \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      10. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      11. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
    4. Applied rewrites70.3%

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      2. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      3. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      4. unpow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      5. lower-sqrt.f6470.3

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    6. Applied rewrites70.3%

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval70.3

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\color{blue}{0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      3. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      4. pow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      5. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{d}{h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      6. sqrt-divN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      7. pow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\color{blue}{{h}^{\frac{1}{2}}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      8. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{d}}{{h}^{\frac{1}{2}}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      9. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{d}}}{{h}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      10. pow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      11. lower-sqrt.f6482.8

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    8. Applied rewrites82.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]

    if 4.40000000000000003e206 < d

    1. Initial program 63.7%

      \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in d around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
      2. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto d \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
      3. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto d \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
      4. lower-*.f6484.5

        \[\leadsto d \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites84.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites84.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{d}{\sqrt{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites96.5%

          \[\leadsto \frac{d}{\sqrt{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{h}}} \]
      3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
      4. Final simplification83.2%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;d \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{-d}}{\sqrt{-\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{-1}{h}}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;d \leq 4.4 \cdot 10^{+206}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(1 + \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{-1}{h}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{d}{\sqrt{h} \cdot \sqrt{\ell}}\\ \end{array} \]
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 2: 76.6% accurate, 0.2× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}\\ t_1 := \sqrt{h \cdot \ell}\\ t_2 := \left|\frac{d}{t\_1}\right|\\ t_3 := \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{h}{\ell} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_3 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-29}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot \frac{D \cdot \left(M \cdot \left(h \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}{\ell}}{d}, \frac{0.25}{d}, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_3 \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_3 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+268}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_0}{\sqrt{\frac{\ell}{d}}}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_3 \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{d \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\left(M \cdot \left(D \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot -0.5\right)}{\ell \cdot \left(\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot 4\right)}\right)}{t\_1}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (d h l M D)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_0 (sqrt (/ d h)))
              (t_1 (sqrt (* h l)))
              (t_2 (fabs (/ d t_1)))
              (t_3
               (*
                (* (pow (/ d h) (/ 1.0 2.0)) (pow (/ d l) (/ 1.0 2.0)))
                (+
                 1.0
                 (* (/ h l) (* (pow (/ (* M D) (* d 2.0)) 2.0) (/ -1.0 2.0)))))))
         (if (<= t_3 -2e-29)
           (*
            (* t_0 (sqrt (/ d l)))
            (fma (/ (* (* M D) (/ (* D (* M (* h -0.5))) l)) d) (/ 0.25 d) 1.0))
           (if (<= t_3 0.0)
             t_2
             (if (<= t_3 5e+268)
               (/ t_0 (sqrt (/ l d)))
               (if (<= t_3 INFINITY)
                 t_2
                 (/
                  (*
                   d
                   (+
                    1.0
                    (/ (* (* M (* D (* M D))) (* h -0.5)) (* l (* (* d d) 4.0)))))
                  t_1)))))))
      double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
      	double t_0 = sqrt((d / h));
      	double t_1 = sqrt((h * l));
      	double t_2 = fabs((d / t_1));
      	double t_3 = (pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 + ((h / l) * (pow(((M * D) / (d * 2.0)), 2.0) * (-1.0 / 2.0))));
      	double tmp;
      	if (t_3 <= -2e-29) {
      		tmp = (t_0 * sqrt((d / l))) * fma((((M * D) * ((D * (M * (h * -0.5))) / l)) / d), (0.25 / d), 1.0);
      	} else if (t_3 <= 0.0) {
      		tmp = t_2;
      	} else if (t_3 <= 5e+268) {
      		tmp = t_0 / sqrt((l / d));
      	} else if (t_3 <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
      		tmp = t_2;
      	} else {
      		tmp = (d * (1.0 + (((M * (D * (M * D))) * (h * -0.5)) / (l * ((d * d) * 4.0))))) / t_1;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      function code(d, h, l, M, D)
      	t_0 = sqrt(Float64(d / h))
      	t_1 = sqrt(Float64(h * l))
      	t_2 = abs(Float64(d / t_1))
      	t_3 = Float64(Float64((Float64(d / h) ^ Float64(1.0 / 2.0)) * (Float64(d / l) ^ Float64(1.0 / 2.0))) * Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(h / l) * Float64((Float64(Float64(M * D) / Float64(d * 2.0)) ^ 2.0) * Float64(-1.0 / 2.0)))))
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (t_3 <= -2e-29)
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_0 * sqrt(Float64(d / l))) * fma(Float64(Float64(Float64(M * D) * Float64(Float64(D * Float64(M * Float64(h * -0.5))) / l)) / d), Float64(0.25 / d), 1.0));
      	elseif (t_3 <= 0.0)
      		tmp = t_2;
      	elseif (t_3 <= 5e+268)
      		tmp = Float64(t_0 / sqrt(Float64(l / d)));
      	elseif (t_3 <= Inf)
      		tmp = t_2;
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(d * Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(Float64(M * Float64(D * Float64(M * D))) * Float64(h * -0.5)) / Float64(l * Float64(Float64(d * d) * 4.0))))) / t_1);
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      code[d_, h_, l_, M_, D_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sqrt[N[(d / h), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sqrt[N[(h * l), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Abs[N[(d / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[Power[N[(d / h), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(d / l), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + N[(N[(h / l), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[N[(N[(M * D), $MachinePrecision] / N[(d * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(-1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$3, -2e-29], N[(N[(t$95$0 * N[Sqrt[N[(d / l), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(N[(M * D), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(D * N[(M * N[(h * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / d), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.25 / d), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$3, 0.0], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[t$95$3, 5e+268], N[(t$95$0 / N[Sqrt[N[(l / d), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$3, Infinity], t$95$2, N[(N[(d * N[(1.0 + N[(N[(N[(M * N[(D * N[(M * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(l * N[(N[(d * d), $MachinePrecision] * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := \sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}\\
      t_1 := \sqrt{h \cdot \ell}\\
      t_2 := \left|\frac{d}{t\_1}\right|\\
      t_3 := \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{h}{\ell} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right)\\
      \mathbf{if}\;t\_3 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-29}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot \frac{D \cdot \left(M \cdot \left(h \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}{\ell}}{d}, \frac{0.25}{d}, 1\right)\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;t\_3 \leq 0:\\
      \;\;\;\;t\_2\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;t\_3 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+268}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_0}{\sqrt{\frac{\ell}{d}}}\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;t\_3 \leq \infty:\\
      \;\;\;\;t\_2\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{d \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\left(M \cdot \left(D \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot -0.5\right)}{\ell \cdot \left(\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot 4\right)}\right)}{t\_1}\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 4 regimes
      2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (pow.f64 (/.f64 d h) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (pow.f64 (/.f64 d l) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (*.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 M D) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) d)) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (/.f64 h l)))) < -1.99999999999999989e-29

        1. Initial program 86.1%

          \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
          2. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
          3. clear-numN/A

            \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
          4. un-div-invN/A

            \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
          5. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
          6. lift-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
          7. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
          8. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right) \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
          9. div-invN/A

            \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right) \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
          10. times-fracN/A

            \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
          11. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
        4. Applied rewrites90.4%

          \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
        5. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
          2. lift-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
          3. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
          4. unpow1/2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
          5. lower-sqrt.f6490.4

            \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
        6. Applied rewrites90.4%

          \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
          2. metadata-eval90.4

            \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\color{blue}{0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
          3. lift-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
          4. pow1/2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
          5. lower-sqrt.f6490.4

            \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
        8. Applied rewrites90.4%

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot 0.5\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
        9. Applied rewrites82.1%

          \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot \frac{D \cdot \left(M \cdot \left(h \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}{\ell}}{d}, \frac{0.25}{d}, 1\right)} \]

        if -1.99999999999999989e-29 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (pow.f64 (/.f64 d h) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (pow.f64 (/.f64 d l) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (*.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 M D) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) d)) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (/.f64 h l)))) < -0.0 or 5.0000000000000002e268 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (pow.f64 (/.f64 d h) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (pow.f64 (/.f64 d l) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (*.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 M D) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) d)) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (/.f64 h l)))) < +inf.0

        1. Initial program 49.9%

          \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in d around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
          2. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto d \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
          3. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto d \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
          4. lower-*.f6448.3

            \[\leadsto d \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites48.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites83.6%

            \[\leadsto \left|\frac{d}{\sqrt{h \cdot \ell}}\right| \]

          if -0.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (pow.f64 (/.f64 d h) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (pow.f64 (/.f64 d l) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (*.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 M D) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) d)) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (/.f64 h l)))) < 5.0000000000000002e268

          1. Initial program 98.7%

            \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Applied rewrites85.6%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)\right)}{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot 4}, -0.5 \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\frac{\ell}{d}}}} \]
          4. Taylor expanded in d around inf

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}}}{\sqrt{\frac{\ell}{d}}} \]
          5. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}}}{\sqrt{\frac{\ell}{d}}} \]
            2. lower-/.f6497.3

              \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{d}{h}}}}{\sqrt{\frac{\ell}{d}}} \]
          6. Applied rewrites97.3%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}}}{\sqrt{\frac{\ell}{d}}} \]

          if +inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (pow.f64 (/.f64 d h) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (pow.f64 (/.f64 d l) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (*.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 M D) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) d)) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (/.f64 h l))))

          1. Initial program 0.0%

            \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Applied rewrites0.0%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)\right)}{\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot 4}, -0.5 \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\frac{\ell}{d}}}} \]
          4. Applied rewrites28.3%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(1 + \frac{\left(M \cdot \left(D \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot -0.5\right)}{\left(\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot 4\right) \cdot \ell}\right) \cdot d}{\sqrt{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
        7. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.
        8. Final simplification76.6%

          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{h}{\ell} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-29}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot \frac{D \cdot \left(M \cdot \left(h \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}{\ell}}{d}, \frac{0.25}{d}, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{h}{\ell} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\left|\frac{d}{\sqrt{h \cdot \ell}}\right|\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{h}{\ell} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+268}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}}{\sqrt{\frac{\ell}{d}}}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{h}{\ell} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\left|\frac{d}{\sqrt{h \cdot \ell}}\right|\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{d \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\left(M \cdot \left(D \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(h \cdot -0.5\right)}{\ell \cdot \left(\left(d \cdot d\right) \cdot 4\right)}\right)}{\sqrt{h \cdot \ell}}\\ \end{array} \]
        9. Add Preprocessing

        Reproduce

        ?
        herbie shell --seed 2024233 
        (FPCore (d h l M D)
          :name "Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (12)"
          :precision binary64
          (* (* (pow (/ d h) (/ 1.0 2.0)) (pow (/ d l) (/ 1.0 2.0))) (- 1.0 (* (* (/ 1.0 2.0) (pow (/ (* M D) (* 2.0 d)) 2.0)) (/ h l)))))