Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (12)

Percentage Accurate: 67.4% → 80.2%
Time: 22.2s
Alternatives: 23
Speedup: 3.3×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (d h l M D)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (* (pow (/ d h) (/ 1.0 2.0)) (pow (/ d l) (/ 1.0 2.0)))
  (- 1.0 (* (* (/ 1.0 2.0) (pow (/ (* M D) (* 2.0 d)) 2.0)) (/ h l)))))
double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	return (pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0)) * (h / l)));
}
real(8) function code(d, h, l, m, d_1)
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    code = (((d / h) ** (1.0d0 / 2.0d0)) * ((d / l) ** (1.0d0 / 2.0d0))) * (1.0d0 - (((1.0d0 / 2.0d0) * (((m * d_1) / (2.0d0 * d)) ** 2.0d0)) * (h / l)))
end function
public static double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	return (Math.pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * Math.pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * Math.pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0)) * (h / l)));
}
def code(d, h, l, M, D):
	return (math.pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * math.pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * math.pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0)) * (h / l)))
function code(d, h, l, M, D)
	return Float64(Float64((Float64(d / h) ^ Float64(1.0 / 2.0)) * (Float64(d / l) ^ Float64(1.0 / 2.0))) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / 2.0) * (Float64(Float64(M * D) / Float64(2.0 * d)) ^ 2.0)) * Float64(h / l))))
end
function tmp = code(d, h, l, M, D)
	tmp = (((d / h) ^ (1.0 / 2.0)) * ((d / l) ^ (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * (((M * D) / (2.0 * d)) ^ 2.0)) * (h / l)));
end
code[d_, h_, l_, M_, D_] := N[(N[(N[Power[N[(d / h), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(d / l), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(N[(N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(M * D), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 23 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 67.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (d h l M D)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (* (pow (/ d h) (/ 1.0 2.0)) (pow (/ d l) (/ 1.0 2.0)))
  (- 1.0 (* (* (/ 1.0 2.0) (pow (/ (* M D) (* 2.0 d)) 2.0)) (/ h l)))))
double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	return (pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0)) * (h / l)));
}
real(8) function code(d, h, l, m, d_1)
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    code = (((d / h) ** (1.0d0 / 2.0d0)) * ((d / l) ** (1.0d0 / 2.0d0))) * (1.0d0 - (((1.0d0 / 2.0d0) * (((m * d_1) / (2.0d0 * d)) ** 2.0d0)) * (h / l)))
end function
public static double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	return (Math.pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * Math.pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * Math.pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0)) * (h / l)));
}
def code(d, h, l, M, D):
	return (math.pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * math.pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * math.pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0)) * (h / l)))
function code(d, h, l, M, D)
	return Float64(Float64((Float64(d / h) ^ Float64(1.0 / 2.0)) * (Float64(d / l) ^ Float64(1.0 / 2.0))) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / 2.0) * (Float64(Float64(M * D) / Float64(2.0 * d)) ^ 2.0)) * Float64(h / l))))
end
function tmp = code(d, h, l, M, D)
	tmp = (((d / h) ^ (1.0 / 2.0)) * ((d / l) ^ (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * (((M * D) / (2.0 * d)) ^ 2.0)) * (h / l)));
end
code[d_, h_, l_, M_, D_] := N[(N[(N[Power[N[(d / h), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(d / l), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(N[(N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(M * D), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 80.2% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot 0.5\\ t_1 := \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\\ t_2 := 1 + \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{t\_0}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{-1}{h}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;h \leq -5.6 \cdot 10^{-308}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\sqrt{-d}}{\sqrt{-h}} \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;h \leq 5.2 \cdot 10^{+70}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2 \cdot \left(t\_1 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(1 - h \cdot \frac{\left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot t\_0}{\left(d \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot \left(d \cdot \ell\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{h}}\right) \cdot \frac{d}{\sqrt{\ell}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (d h l M D)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* M D) 0.5))
        (t_1 (sqrt (/ d l)))
        (t_2
         (+
          1.0
          (* (/ (/ (* M D) (* d 2.0)) l) (/ (/ t_0 (* d 2.0)) (/ -1.0 h))))))
   (if (<= h -5.6e-308)
     (* (* (/ (sqrt (- d)) (sqrt (- h))) t_1) t_2)
     (if (<= h 5.2e+70)
       (* t_2 (* t_1 (/ (sqrt d) (sqrt h))))
       (*
        (*
         (- 1.0 (* h (/ (* (* M D) t_0) (* (* d 2.0) (* 2.0 (* d l))))))
         (/ 1.0 (sqrt h)))
        (/ d (sqrt l)))))))
double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	double t_0 = (M * D) * 0.5;
	double t_1 = sqrt((d / l));
	double t_2 = 1.0 + ((((M * D) / (d * 2.0)) / l) * ((t_0 / (d * 2.0)) / (-1.0 / h)));
	double tmp;
	if (h <= -5.6e-308) {
		tmp = ((sqrt(-d) / sqrt(-h)) * t_1) * t_2;
	} else if (h <= 5.2e+70) {
		tmp = t_2 * (t_1 * (sqrt(d) / sqrt(h)));
	} else {
		tmp = ((1.0 - (h * (((M * D) * t_0) / ((d * 2.0) * (2.0 * (d * l)))))) * (1.0 / sqrt(h))) * (d / sqrt(l));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(d, h, l, m, d_1)
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: t_2
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = (m * d_1) * 0.5d0
    t_1 = sqrt((d / l))
    t_2 = 1.0d0 + ((((m * d_1) / (d * 2.0d0)) / l) * ((t_0 / (d * 2.0d0)) / ((-1.0d0) / h)))
    if (h <= (-5.6d-308)) then
        tmp = ((sqrt(-d) / sqrt(-h)) * t_1) * t_2
    else if (h <= 5.2d+70) then
        tmp = t_2 * (t_1 * (sqrt(d) / sqrt(h)))
    else
        tmp = ((1.0d0 - (h * (((m * d_1) * t_0) / ((d * 2.0d0) * (2.0d0 * (d * l)))))) * (1.0d0 / sqrt(h))) * (d / sqrt(l))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	double t_0 = (M * D) * 0.5;
	double t_1 = Math.sqrt((d / l));
	double t_2 = 1.0 + ((((M * D) / (d * 2.0)) / l) * ((t_0 / (d * 2.0)) / (-1.0 / h)));
	double tmp;
	if (h <= -5.6e-308) {
		tmp = ((Math.sqrt(-d) / Math.sqrt(-h)) * t_1) * t_2;
	} else if (h <= 5.2e+70) {
		tmp = t_2 * (t_1 * (Math.sqrt(d) / Math.sqrt(h)));
	} else {
		tmp = ((1.0 - (h * (((M * D) * t_0) / ((d * 2.0) * (2.0 * (d * l)))))) * (1.0 / Math.sqrt(h))) * (d / Math.sqrt(l));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(d, h, l, M, D):
	t_0 = (M * D) * 0.5
	t_1 = math.sqrt((d / l))
	t_2 = 1.0 + ((((M * D) / (d * 2.0)) / l) * ((t_0 / (d * 2.0)) / (-1.0 / h)))
	tmp = 0
	if h <= -5.6e-308:
		tmp = ((math.sqrt(-d) / math.sqrt(-h)) * t_1) * t_2
	elif h <= 5.2e+70:
		tmp = t_2 * (t_1 * (math.sqrt(d) / math.sqrt(h)))
	else:
		tmp = ((1.0 - (h * (((M * D) * t_0) / ((d * 2.0) * (2.0 * (d * l)))))) * (1.0 / math.sqrt(h))) * (d / math.sqrt(l))
	return tmp
function code(d, h, l, M, D)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(M * D) * 0.5)
	t_1 = sqrt(Float64(d / l))
	t_2 = Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(M * D) / Float64(d * 2.0)) / l) * Float64(Float64(t_0 / Float64(d * 2.0)) / Float64(-1.0 / h))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (h <= -5.6e-308)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(-d)) / sqrt(Float64(-h))) * t_1) * t_2);
	elseif (h <= 5.2e+70)
		tmp = Float64(t_2 * Float64(t_1 * Float64(sqrt(d) / sqrt(h))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 - Float64(h * Float64(Float64(Float64(M * D) * t_0) / Float64(Float64(d * 2.0) * Float64(2.0 * Float64(d * l)))))) * Float64(1.0 / sqrt(h))) * Float64(d / sqrt(l)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(d, h, l, M, D)
	t_0 = (M * D) * 0.5;
	t_1 = sqrt((d / l));
	t_2 = 1.0 + ((((M * D) / (d * 2.0)) / l) * ((t_0 / (d * 2.0)) / (-1.0 / h)));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (h <= -5.6e-308)
		tmp = ((sqrt(-d) / sqrt(-h)) * t_1) * t_2;
	elseif (h <= 5.2e+70)
		tmp = t_2 * (t_1 * (sqrt(d) / sqrt(h)));
	else
		tmp = ((1.0 - (h * (((M * D) * t_0) / ((d * 2.0) * (2.0 * (d * l)))))) * (1.0 / sqrt(h))) * (d / sqrt(l));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[d_, h_, l_, M_, D_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(M * D), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sqrt[N[(d / l), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(1.0 + N[(N[(N[(N[(M * D), $MachinePrecision] / N[(d * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / l), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(t$95$0 / N[(d * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(-1.0 / h), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[h, -5.6e-308], N[(N[(N[(N[Sqrt[(-d)], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[(-h)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[h, 5.2e+70], N[(t$95$2 * N[(t$95$1 * N[(N[Sqrt[d], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[h], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(1.0 - N[(h * N[(N[(N[(M * D), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(d * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(2.0 * N[(d * l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[h], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(d / N[Sqrt[l], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot 0.5\\
t_1 := \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\\
t_2 := 1 + \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{t\_0}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{-1}{h}}\\
\mathbf{if}\;h \leq -5.6 \cdot 10^{-308}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\sqrt{-d}}{\sqrt{-h}} \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2\\

\mathbf{elif}\;h \leq 5.2 \cdot 10^{+70}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_2 \cdot \left(t\_1 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\left(1 - h \cdot \frac{\left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot t\_0}{\left(d \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot \left(d \cdot \ell\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{h}}\right) \cdot \frac{d}{\sqrt{\ell}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if h < -5.59999999999999969e-308

    1. Initial program 70.5%

      \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
      3. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
      4. un-div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
      5. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      7. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      8. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      9. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      10. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      11. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      12. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      13. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      14. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot d}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      15. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot 2}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      16. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot 2}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      17. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    4. Applied rewrites75.0%

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval75.0

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\color{blue}{0.5}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      3. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      4. unpow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      5. lower-sqrt.f6475.0

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    6. Applied rewrites75.0%

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval75.0

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\color{blue}{0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      3. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      4. unpow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      5. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{d}{h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      6. frac-2negN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(d\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(h\right)}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      7. sqrt-divN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(d\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(h\right)}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      8. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(d\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(h\right)}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      9. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(d\right)}}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(h\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      10. lower-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(d\right)}}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(h\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      11. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(d\right)}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(h\right)}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      12. lower-neg.f6485.3

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\sqrt{-d}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{-h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    8. Applied rewrites85.3%

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{-d}}{\sqrt{-h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]

    if -5.59999999999999969e-308 < h < 5.2000000000000001e70

    1. Initial program 80.0%

      \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
      3. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
      4. un-div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
      5. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      7. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      8. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      9. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      10. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      11. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      12. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      13. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      14. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot d}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      15. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot 2}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      16. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot 2}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      17. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    4. Applied rewrites81.2%

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval81.2

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\color{blue}{0.5}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      3. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      4. unpow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      5. lower-sqrt.f6481.2

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    6. Applied rewrites81.2%

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval81.2

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\color{blue}{0.5}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      3. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      4. unpow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      5. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{d}{h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      6. sqrt-divN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      7. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{d}}}{\sqrt{h}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      8. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      9. lower-sqrt.f6489.5

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    8. Applied rewrites89.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]

    if 5.2000000000000001e70 < h

    1. Initial program 43.4%

      \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
      3. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
      4. un-div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
      5. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      7. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      8. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      9. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      10. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      11. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      12. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      13. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      14. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot d}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      15. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot 2}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      16. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot 2}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      17. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    4. Applied rewrites51.2%

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites75.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - \frac{\left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)\right)}{\left(\left(d \cdot \ell\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(d \cdot 2\right)} \cdot h\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{h}}\right) \cdot \frac{d}{\sqrt{\ell}}} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification84.5%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;h \leq -5.6 \cdot 10^{-308}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\sqrt{-d}}{\sqrt{-h}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot 0.5}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{-1}{h}}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;h \leq 5.2 \cdot 10^{+70}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(1 + \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot 0.5}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{-1}{h}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(1 - h \cdot \frac{\left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot \left(\left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot 0.5\right)}{\left(d \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot \left(d \cdot \ell\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{h}}\right) \cdot \frac{d}{\sqrt{\ell}}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 48.9% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{h}{\ell} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{h}{\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}} \cdot \left(0.125 \cdot \left(M \cdot \frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}{d}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 10^{+206}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;d \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{h}}}{\sqrt{\ell}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (d h l M D)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (*
          (* (pow (/ d h) (/ 1.0 2.0)) (pow (/ d l) (/ 1.0 2.0)))
          (+
           1.0
           (* (/ h l) (* (pow (/ (* M D) (* d 2.0)) 2.0) (/ -1.0 2.0)))))))
   (if (<= t_0 (- INFINITY))
     (* (sqrt (/ h (* l (* l l)))) (* 0.125 (* M (/ (* M (* D D)) d))))
     (if (<= t_0 1e+206)
       (* (sqrt (/ d l)) (sqrt (/ d h)))
       (* d (/ (sqrt (/ 1.0 h)) (sqrt l)))))))
double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	double t_0 = (pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 + ((h / l) * (pow(((M * D) / (d * 2.0)), 2.0) * (-1.0 / 2.0))));
	double tmp;
	if (t_0 <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = sqrt((h / (l * (l * l)))) * (0.125 * (M * ((M * (D * D)) / d)));
	} else if (t_0 <= 1e+206) {
		tmp = sqrt((d / l)) * sqrt((d / h));
	} else {
		tmp = d * (sqrt((1.0 / h)) / sqrt(l));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	double t_0 = (Math.pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * Math.pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 + ((h / l) * (Math.pow(((M * D) / (d * 2.0)), 2.0) * (-1.0 / 2.0))));
	double tmp;
	if (t_0 <= -Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((h / (l * (l * l)))) * (0.125 * (M * ((M * (D * D)) / d)));
	} else if (t_0 <= 1e+206) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((d / l)) * Math.sqrt((d / h));
	} else {
		tmp = d * (Math.sqrt((1.0 / h)) / Math.sqrt(l));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(d, h, l, M, D):
	t_0 = (math.pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * math.pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 + ((h / l) * (math.pow(((M * D) / (d * 2.0)), 2.0) * (-1.0 / 2.0))))
	tmp = 0
	if t_0 <= -math.inf:
		tmp = math.sqrt((h / (l * (l * l)))) * (0.125 * (M * ((M * (D * D)) / d)))
	elif t_0 <= 1e+206:
		tmp = math.sqrt((d / l)) * math.sqrt((d / h))
	else:
		tmp = d * (math.sqrt((1.0 / h)) / math.sqrt(l))
	return tmp
function code(d, h, l, M, D)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64((Float64(d / h) ^ Float64(1.0 / 2.0)) * (Float64(d / l) ^ Float64(1.0 / 2.0))) * Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(h / l) * Float64((Float64(Float64(M * D) / Float64(d * 2.0)) ^ 2.0) * Float64(-1.0 / 2.0)))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_0 <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(h / Float64(l * Float64(l * l)))) * Float64(0.125 * Float64(M * Float64(Float64(M * Float64(D * D)) / d))));
	elseif (t_0 <= 1e+206)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(d / l)) * sqrt(Float64(d / h)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(d * Float64(sqrt(Float64(1.0 / h)) / sqrt(l)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(d, h, l, M, D)
	t_0 = (((d / h) ^ (1.0 / 2.0)) * ((d / l) ^ (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 + ((h / l) * ((((M * D) / (d * 2.0)) ^ 2.0) * (-1.0 / 2.0))));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_0 <= -Inf)
		tmp = sqrt((h / (l * (l * l)))) * (0.125 * (M * ((M * (D * D)) / d)));
	elseif (t_0 <= 1e+206)
		tmp = sqrt((d / l)) * sqrt((d / h));
	else
		tmp = d * (sqrt((1.0 / h)) / sqrt(l));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[d_, h_, l_, M_, D_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[Power[N[(d / h), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(d / l), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + N[(N[(h / l), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Power[N[(N[(M * D), $MachinePrecision] / N[(d * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(-1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, (-Infinity)], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(h / N[(l * N[(l * l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.125 * N[(M * N[(N[(M * N[(D * D), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 1e+206], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(d / l), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(d / h), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(d * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 / h), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[l], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{h}{\ell} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -\infty:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{h}{\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}} \cdot \left(0.125 \cdot \left(M \cdot \frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}{d}\right)\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 10^{+206}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;d \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{h}}}{\sqrt{\ell}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 (pow.f64 (/.f64 d h) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (pow.f64 (/.f64 d l) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (*.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 M D) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) d)) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (/.f64 h l)))) < -inf.0

    1. Initial program 82.8%

      \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
      3. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
      4. un-div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
      5. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      7. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      8. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      9. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      10. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      11. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      12. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      13. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      14. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot d}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      15. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot 2}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      16. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot 2}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      17. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    4. Applied rewrites89.3%

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
    5. Taylor expanded in d around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
      2. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto d \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
      3. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto d \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
      4. lower-*.f6413.1

        \[\leadsto d \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
    7. Applied rewrites13.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites12.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{d}{\sqrt{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in h around -inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{8} \cdot \left(\frac{{D}^{2} \cdot \left({M}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{-1}\right)}^{2}\right)}{d} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{h}{{\ell}^{3}}}\right)} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{8} \cdot \frac{{D}^{2} \cdot \left({M}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{-1}\right)}^{2}\right)}{d}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{h}{{\ell}^{3}}}} \]
        2. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{h}{{\ell}^{3}}} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{8} \cdot \frac{{D}^{2} \cdot \left({M}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{-1}\right)}^{2}\right)}{d}\right)} \]
        3. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{h}{{\ell}^{3}}} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{8} \cdot \frac{{D}^{2} \cdot \left({M}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{-1}\right)}^{2}\right)}{d}\right)} \]
        4. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{h}{{\ell}^{3}}}} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{8} \cdot \frac{{D}^{2} \cdot \left({M}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{-1}\right)}^{2}\right)}{d}\right) \]
        5. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{h}{{\ell}^{3}}}} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{8} \cdot \frac{{D}^{2} \cdot \left({M}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{-1}\right)}^{2}\right)}{d}\right) \]
        6. cube-multN/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{h}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}}} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{8} \cdot \frac{{D}^{2} \cdot \left({M}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{-1}\right)}^{2}\right)}{d}\right) \]
        7. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{h}{\ell \cdot \color{blue}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{8} \cdot \frac{{D}^{2} \cdot \left({M}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{-1}\right)}^{2}\right)}{d}\right) \]
        8. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{h}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot {\ell}^{2}}}} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{8} \cdot \frac{{D}^{2} \cdot \left({M}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{-1}\right)}^{2}\right)}{d}\right) \]
        9. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{h}{\ell \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}}} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{8} \cdot \frac{{D}^{2} \cdot \left({M}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{-1}\right)}^{2}\right)}{d}\right) \]
        10. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{h}{\ell \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}}} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{8} \cdot \frac{{D}^{2} \cdot \left({M}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{-1}\right)}^{2}\right)}{d}\right) \]
        11. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{h}{\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{8} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({D}^{2} \cdot \frac{{M}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{-1}\right)}^{2}}{d}\right)}\right) \]
        12. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{h}{\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{-1}{8} \cdot {D}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{M}^{2} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{-1}\right)}^{2}}{d}\right)} \]
        13. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{h}{\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{8} \cdot {D}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\sqrt{-1}\right)}^{2} \cdot {M}^{2}}}{d}\right) \]
        14. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{h}{\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{8} \cdot {D}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{-1} \cdot \sqrt{-1}\right)} \cdot {M}^{2}}{d}\right) \]
        15. rem-square-sqrtN/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{h}{\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{8} \cdot {D}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{-1} \cdot {M}^{2}}{d}\right) \]
        16. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{h}{\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{8} \cdot {D}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{{M}^{2}}{d}\right)}\right) \]
        17. mul-1-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{h}{\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{-1}{8} \cdot {D}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{M}^{2}}{d}\right)\right)}\right) \]
      4. Applied rewrites35.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{h}{\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}} \cdot \left(0.125 \cdot \left(M \cdot \frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}{d}\right)\right)} \]

      if -inf.0 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (pow.f64 (/.f64 d h) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (pow.f64 (/.f64 d l) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (*.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 M D) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) d)) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (/.f64 h l)))) < 1e206

      1. Initial program 89.5%

        \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
        2. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
        3. clear-numN/A

          \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
        4. un-div-invN/A

          \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
        5. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
        6. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
        7. lift-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
        8. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
        9. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
        10. div-invN/A

          \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
        11. times-fracN/A

          \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
        12. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
        13. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
        14. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot d}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
        15. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot 2}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
        16. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot 2}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
        17. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      4. Applied rewrites88.3%

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      5. Taylor expanded in d around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
        2. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto d \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
        3. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto d \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
        4. lower-*.f6437.4

          \[\leadsto d \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
      7. Applied rewrites37.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
      8. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites37.5%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{d}{\sqrt{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites74.6%

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}} \]

          if 1e206 < (*.f64 (*.f64 (pow.f64 (/.f64 d h) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (pow.f64 (/.f64 d l) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (*.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 M D) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) d)) #s(literal 2 binary64))) (/.f64 h l))))

          1. Initial program 26.7%

            \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
            2. lift-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
            3. clear-numN/A

              \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
            4. un-div-invN/A

              \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
            5. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
            6. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
            7. lift-pow.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
            8. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
            9. associate-*l*N/A

              \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
            10. div-invN/A

              \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
            11. times-fracN/A

              \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
            12. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
            13. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
            14. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot d}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
            15. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot 2}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
            16. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot 2}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
            17. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
          4. Applied rewrites34.9%

            \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
          5. Taylor expanded in d around inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
            2. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto d \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
            3. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto d \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
            4. lower-*.f6428.9

              \[\leadsto d \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
          7. Applied rewrites28.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{d \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \]
          8. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites29.6%

              \[\leadsto d \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{h}}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\ell}}} \]
          9. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
          10. Final simplification48.9%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{h}{\ell} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{h}{\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}} \cdot \left(0.125 \cdot \left(M \cdot \frac{M \cdot \left(D \cdot D\right)}{d}\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{h}{\ell} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)\right) \leq 10^{+206}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;d \cdot \frac{\sqrt{\frac{1}{h}}}{\sqrt{\ell}}\\ \end{array} \]
          11. Add Preprocessing

          Reproduce

          ?
          herbie shell --seed 2024230 
          (FPCore (d h l M D)
            :name "Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (12)"
            :precision binary64
            (* (* (pow (/ d h) (/ 1.0 2.0)) (pow (/ d l) (/ 1.0 2.0))) (- 1.0 (* (* (/ 1.0 2.0) (pow (/ (* M D) (* 2.0 d)) 2.0)) (/ h l)))))