NMSE Section 6.1 mentioned, A

Percentage Accurate: 73.4% → 99.9%

Time: 14.7s

Alternatives: 12

Speedup: 9.7×

• 37.9% of points produce a very large (infinite) output. You may want to add a precondition.

• could not determine a ground truth

  1. x = -7.074250416175752e+213
  2. eps = 5.361636106014531e-124

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot e^{-\left(1 - \varepsilon\right) \cdot x} - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{-\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x}}{2} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (-
   (* (+ 1.0 (/ 1.0 eps)) (exp (- (* (- 1.0 eps) x))))
   (* (- (/ 1.0 eps) 1.0) (exp (- (* (+ 1.0 eps) x)))))
  2.0))

C

double code(double x, double eps) {
	return (((1.0 + (1.0 / eps)) * exp(-((1.0 - eps) * x))) - (((1.0 / eps) - 1.0) * exp(-((1.0 + eps) * x)))) / 2.0;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = (((1.0d0 + (1.0d0 / eps)) * exp(-((1.0d0 - eps) * x))) - (((1.0d0 / eps) - 1.0d0) * exp(-((1.0d0 + eps) * x)))) / 2.0d0
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	return (((1.0 + (1.0 / eps)) * Math.exp(-((1.0 - eps) * x))) - (((1.0 / eps) - 1.0) * Math.exp(-((1.0 + eps) * x)))) / 2.0;
}

Python

def code(x, eps):
	return (((1.0 + (1.0 / eps)) * math.exp(-((1.0 - eps) * x))) - (((1.0 / eps) - 1.0) * math.exp(-((1.0 + eps) * x)))) / 2.0

Julia

function code(x, eps)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(1.0 / eps)) * exp(Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 - eps) * x)))) - Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / eps) - 1.0) * exp(Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 + eps) * x))))) / 2.0)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x, eps)
	tmp = (((1.0 + (1.0 / eps)) * exp(-((1.0 - eps) * x))) - (((1.0 / eps) - 1.0) * exp(-((1.0 + eps) * x)))) / 2.0;
end

Wolfram

code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(1.0 + N[(1.0 / eps), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[(-N[(N[(1.0 - eps), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision])], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(N[(1.0 / eps), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[(-N[(N[(1.0 + eps), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision])], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 73.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot e^{-\left(1 - \varepsilon\right) \cdot x} - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{-\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x}}{2} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (-
   (* (+ 1.0 (/ 1.0 eps)) (exp (- (* (- 1.0 eps) x))))
   (* (- (/ 1.0 eps) 1.0) (exp (- (* (+ 1.0 eps) x)))))
  2.0))

C

double code(double x, double eps) {
	return (((1.0 + (1.0 / eps)) * exp(-((1.0 - eps) * x))) - (((1.0 / eps) - 1.0) * exp(-((1.0 + eps) * x)))) / 2.0;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = (((1.0d0 + (1.0d0 / eps)) * exp(-((1.0d0 - eps) * x))) - (((1.0d0 / eps) - 1.0d0) * exp(-((1.0d0 + eps) * x)))) / 2.0d0
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	return (((1.0 + (1.0 / eps)) * Math.exp(-((1.0 - eps) * x))) - (((1.0 / eps) - 1.0) * Math.exp(-((1.0 + eps) * x)))) / 2.0;
}

Python

def code(x, eps):
	return (((1.0 + (1.0 / eps)) * math.exp(-((1.0 - eps) * x))) - (((1.0 / eps) - 1.0) * math.exp(-((1.0 + eps) * x)))) / 2.0

Julia

function code(x, eps)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(1.0 / eps)) * exp(Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 - eps) * x)))) - Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / eps) - 1.0) * exp(Float64(-Float64(Float64(1.0 + eps) * x))))) / 2.0)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(x, eps)
	tmp = (((1.0 + (1.0 / eps)) * exp(-((1.0 - eps) * x))) - (((1.0 / eps) - 1.0) * exp(-((1.0 + eps) * x)))) / 2.0;
end

Wolfram

code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(1.0 + N[(1.0 / eps), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[(-N[(N[(1.0 - eps), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision])], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(N[(1.0 / eps), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[(-N[(N[(1.0 + eps), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision])], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 99.9% accurate, 0.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot e^{x \cdot \left(\varepsilon + -1\right)} + e^{x \cdot \left(-1 - \varepsilon\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{\varepsilon}\right) \leq 2.000000000002:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \left(e^{-x} \cdot \left(x + \left(x + 2\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \left(e^{\varepsilon \cdot x - x} + e^{x \cdot \left(-\varepsilon\right)}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<=
      (+
       (* (+ 1.0 (/ 1.0 eps)) (exp (* x (+ eps -1.0))))
       (* (exp (* x (- -1.0 eps))) (+ 1.0 (/ -1.0 eps))))
      2.000000000002)
   (* 0.5 (* (exp (- x)) (+ x (+ x 2.0))))
   (* 0.5 (+ (exp (- (* eps x) x)) (exp (* x (- eps)))))))

C

double code(double x, double eps) {
	double tmp;
	if ((((1.0 + (1.0 / eps)) * exp((x * (eps + -1.0)))) + (exp((x * (-1.0 - eps))) * (1.0 + (-1.0 / eps)))) <= 2.000000000002) {
		tmp = 0.5 * (exp(-x) * (x + (x + 2.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * (exp(((eps * x) - x)) + exp((x * -eps)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(x, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((((1.0d0 + (1.0d0 / eps)) * exp((x * (eps + (-1.0d0))))) + (exp((x * ((-1.0d0) - eps))) * (1.0d0 + ((-1.0d0) / eps)))) <= 2.000000000002d0) then
        tmp = 0.5d0 * (exp(-x) * (x + (x + 2.0d0)))
    else
        tmp = 0.5d0 * (exp(((eps * x) - x)) + exp((x * -eps)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double x, double eps) {
	double tmp;
	if ((((1.0 + (1.0 / eps)) * Math.exp((x * (eps + -1.0)))) + (Math.exp((x * (-1.0 - eps))) * (1.0 + (-1.0 / eps)))) <= 2.000000000002) {
		tmp = 0.5 * (Math.exp(-x) * (x + (x + 2.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * (Math.exp(((eps * x) - x)) + Math.exp((x * -eps)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(x, eps):
	tmp = 0
	if (((1.0 + (1.0 / eps)) * math.exp((x * (eps + -1.0)))) + (math.exp((x * (-1.0 - eps))) * (1.0 + (-1.0 / eps)))) <= 2.000000000002:
		tmp = 0.5 * (math.exp(-x) * (x + (x + 2.0)))
	else:
		tmp = 0.5 * (math.exp(((eps * x) - x)) + math.exp((x * -eps)))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(x, eps)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(1.0 / eps)) * exp(Float64(x * Float64(eps + -1.0)))) + Float64(exp(Float64(x * Float64(-1.0 - eps))) * Float64(1.0 + Float64(-1.0 / eps)))) <= 2.000000000002)
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(exp(Float64(-x)) * Float64(x + Float64(x + 2.0))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(exp(Float64(Float64(eps * x) - x)) + exp(Float64(x * Float64(-eps)))));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(x, eps)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((((1.0 + (1.0 / eps)) * exp((x * (eps + -1.0)))) + (exp((x * (-1.0 - eps))) * (1.0 + (-1.0 / eps)))) <= 2.000000000002)
		tmp = 0.5 * (exp(-x) * (x + (x + 2.0)));
	else
		tmp = 0.5 * (exp(((eps * x) - x)) + exp((x * -eps)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[x_, eps_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[(1.0 + N[(1.0 / eps), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Exp[N[(x * N[(eps + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Exp[N[(x * N[(-1.0 - eps), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + N[(-1.0 / eps), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.000000000002], N[(0.5 * N[(N[Exp[(-x)], $MachinePrecision] * N[(x + N[(x + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[(N[Exp[N[(N[(eps * x), $MachinePrecision] - x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Exp[N[(x * (-eps)), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (-.f64 (*.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) eps)) (exp.f64 (neg.f64 (*.f64 (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) eps) x)))) (*.f64 (-.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) eps) #s(literal 1 binary64)) (exp.f64 (neg.f64 (*.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) eps) x))))) < 2.0000000000020002

   1. Initial program 49.6%

      \[\frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot e^{-\left(1 - \varepsilon\right) \cdot x} - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{-\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x}}{2} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} + x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right) - \left(-1 \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} + -1 \cdot \left(x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} + x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right) - \left(-1 \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} + -1 \cdot \left(x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]

      2. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} + x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right) - \left(-1 \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]

      3. unsub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} + x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right) - \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} - x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right)}\right) \]

      4. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} + x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right) - -1 \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right) + x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right)} \]

      5. distribute-rgt1-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(x + 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}} - -1 \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right) + x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right) \]

      6. distribute-rgt-out-- N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} \cdot \left(\left(x + 1\right) - -1\right)} + x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right) \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} \cdot \left(\left(x + 1\right) - -1\right) + \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} \cdot x}\right) \]

      8. distribute-lft-out N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\left(x + 1\right) - -1\right) + x\right)\right)} \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\left(x + 1\right) - -1\right) + x\right)\right)} \]

      10. lower-exp.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}} \cdot \left(\left(\left(x + 1\right) - -1\right) + x\right)\right) \]

      11. lower-neg.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}} \cdot \left(\left(\left(x + 1\right) - -1\right) + x\right)\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \left(e^{-x} \cdot \left(\left(x + 2\right) + x\right)\right)} \]

   if 2.0000000000020002 < (-.f64 (*.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) eps)) (exp.f64 (neg.f64 (*.f64 (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) eps) x)))) (*.f64 (-.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) eps) #s(literal 1 binary64)) (exp.f64 (neg.f64 (*.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) eps) x)))))

   1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot e^{-\left(1 - \varepsilon\right) \cdot x} - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{-\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x}}{2} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in eps around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x \cdot \left(1 - \varepsilon\right)\right)} - -1 \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + \varepsilon\right)\right)}\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x \cdot \left(1 - \varepsilon\right)\right)} - -1 \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + \varepsilon\right)\right)}\right)} \]

      2. cancel-sign-sub-inv N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x \cdot \left(1 - \varepsilon\right)\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + \varepsilon\right)\right)}\right)} \]

      3. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x \cdot \left(1 - \varepsilon\right)\right)} + \color{blue}{1} \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + \varepsilon\right)\right)}\right) \]

      4. *-lft-identity N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x \cdot \left(1 - \varepsilon\right)\right)} + \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + \varepsilon\right)\right)}}\right) \]

      5. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x \cdot \left(1 - \varepsilon\right)\right)} + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x \cdot \left(1 + \varepsilon\right)\right)}\right)} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \left(e^{x \cdot \varepsilon - x} + e^{x \cdot \left(-1 - \varepsilon\right)}\right)} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in eps around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(e^{x \cdot \varepsilon - x} + e^{-1 \cdot \left(\varepsilon \cdot x\right)}\right) \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

   8. Applied rewrites 99.9%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \left(e^{x \cdot \varepsilon - x} + e^{x \cdot \left(-\varepsilon\right)}\right) \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 99.9%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot e^{x \cdot \left(\varepsilon + -1\right)} + e^{x \cdot \left(-1 - \varepsilon\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{\varepsilon}\right) \leq 2.000000000002:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \left(e^{-x} \cdot \left(x + \left(x + 2\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \left(e^{\varepsilon \cdot x - x} + e^{x \cdot \left(-\varepsilon\right)}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 94.7% accurate, 0.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\\ t_1 := e^{x \cdot \left(-1 - \varepsilon\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{\varepsilon}\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \cdot e^{x \cdot \left(\varepsilon + -1\right)} + t\_1 \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \left(e^{-x} \cdot \left(x + \left(x + 2\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_0 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \left(\varepsilon + -1\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot 0.5, \varepsilon + -1, 1\right), 1\right) + t\_1}{2}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (x eps)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (+ 1.0 (/ 1.0 eps)))
        (t_1 (* (exp (* x (- -1.0 eps))) (+ 1.0 (/ -1.0 eps)))))
   (if (<= (+ (* t_0 (exp (* x (+ eps -1.0)))) t_1) 0.0)
     (* 0.5 (* (exp (- x)) (+ x (+ x 2.0))))
     (/
      (+
       (* t_0 (fma x (* (+ eps -1.0) (fma (* x 0.5) (+ eps -1.0) 1.0)) 1.0))
       t_1)
      2.0))))

C

double code(double x, double eps) {
	double t_0 = 1.0 + (1.0 / eps);
	double t_1 = exp((x * (-1.0 - eps))) * (1.0 + (-1.0 / eps));
	double tmp;
	if (((t_0 * exp((x * (eps + -1.0)))) + t_1) <= 0.0) {
		tmp = 0.5 * (exp(-x) * (x + (x + 2.0)));
	} else {
		tmp = ((t_0 * fma(x, ((eps + -1.0) * fma((x * 0.5), (eps + -1.0), 1.0)), 1.0)) + t_1) / 2.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(x, eps)
	t_0 = Float64(1.0 + Float64(1.0 / eps))
	t_1 = Float64(exp(Float64(x * Float64(-1.0 - eps))) * Float64(1.0 + Float64(-1.0 / eps)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(t_0 * exp(Float64(x * Float64(eps + -1.0)))) + t_1) <= 0.0)
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(exp(Float64(-x)) * Float64(x + Float64(x + 2.0))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 * fma(x, Float64(Float64(eps + -1.0) * fma(Float64(x * 0.5), Float64(eps + -1.0), 1.0)), 1.0)) + t_1) / 2.0);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[x_, eps_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(1.0 + N[(1.0 / eps), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Exp[N[(x * N[(-1.0 - eps), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 + N[(-1.0 / eps), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(t$95$0 * N[Exp[N[(x * N[(eps + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 0.0], N[(0.5 * N[(N[Exp[(-x)], $MachinePrecision] * N[(x + N[(x + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 * N[(x * N[(N[(eps + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(eps + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (-.f64 (*.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) eps)) (exp.f64 (neg.f64 (*.f64 (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) eps) x)))) (*.f64 (-.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) eps) #s(literal 1 binary64)) (exp.f64 (neg.f64 (*.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) eps) x))))) < 0.0

   1. Initial program 36.9%

      \[\frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot e^{-\left(1 - \varepsilon\right) \cdot x} - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{-\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x}}{2} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} + x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right) - \left(-1 \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} + -1 \cdot \left(x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} + x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right) - \left(-1 \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} + -1 \cdot \left(x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]

      2. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} + x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right) - \left(-1 \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]

      3. unsub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} + x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right) - \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} - x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right)}\right) \]

      4. associate-+l- N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} + x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right) - -1 \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right) + x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right)} \]

      5. distribute-rgt1-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(x + 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}} - -1 \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right) + x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right) \]

      6. distribute-rgt-out-- N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} \cdot \left(\left(x + 1\right) - -1\right)} + x \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}\right) \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} \cdot \left(\left(x + 1\right) - -1\right) + \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} \cdot x}\right) \]

      8. distribute-lft-out N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\left(x + 1\right) - -1\right) + x\right)\right)} \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\left(x + 1\right) - -1\right) + x\right)\right)} \]

      10. lower-exp.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}} \cdot \left(\left(\left(x + 1\right) - -1\right) + x\right)\right) \]

      11. lower-neg.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)}} \cdot \left(\left(\left(x + 1\right) - -1\right) + x\right)\right) \]

   5. Applied rewrites 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot \left(e^{-x} \cdot \left(\left(x + 2\right) + x\right)\right)} \]

   if 0.0 < (-.f64 (*.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) eps)) (exp.f64 (neg.f64 (*.f64 (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) eps) x)))) (*.f64 (-.f64 (/.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) eps) #s(literal 1 binary64)) (exp.f64 (neg.f64 (*.f64 (+.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) eps) x)))))

   1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot e^{-\left(1 - \varepsilon\right) \cdot x} - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{-\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x}}{2} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + x \cdot \left(\left(\varepsilon + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot {\left(\varepsilon - 1\right)}^{2}\right)\right) - 1\right)\right)} - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x\right)}}{2} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(\left(\varepsilon + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot {\left(\varepsilon - 1\right)}^{2}\right)\right) - 1\right) + 1\right)} - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x\right)}}{2} \]

      2. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, \left(\varepsilon + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot {\left(\varepsilon - 1\right)}^{2}\right)\right) - 1, 1\right)} - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x\right)}}{2} \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot {\left(\varepsilon - 1\right)}^{2}\right) + \varepsilon\right)} - 1, 1\right) - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x\right)}}{2} \]

      4. associate--l+ N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot {\left(\varepsilon - 1\right)}^{2}\right) + \left(\varepsilon - 1\right)}, 1\right) - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x\right)}}{2} \]

      5. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right) \cdot {\left(\varepsilon - 1\right)}^{2}} + \left(\varepsilon - 1\right), 1\right) - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x\right)}}{2} \]

      6. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\varepsilon - 1\right) \cdot \left(\varepsilon - 1\right)\right)} + \left(\varepsilon - 1\right), 1\right) - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x\right)}}{2} \]

      7. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\varepsilon - 1\right)\right) \cdot \left(\varepsilon - 1\right)} + \left(\varepsilon - 1\right), 1\right) - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x\right)}}{2} \]

      8. distribute-lft1-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\varepsilon - 1\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(\varepsilon - 1\right)}, 1\right) - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x\right)}}{2} \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(\varepsilon - 1\right) + 1\right) \cdot \left(\varepsilon - 1\right)}, 1\right) - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x\right)}}{2} \]

      10. lower-fma.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x, \varepsilon - 1, 1\right)} \cdot \left(\varepsilon - 1\right), 1\right) - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x\right)}}{2} \]

      11. lower-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot x}, \varepsilon - 1, 1\right) \cdot \left(\varepsilon - 1\right), 1\right) - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x\right)}}{2} \]

      12. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x, \color{blue}{\varepsilon + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}, 1\right) \cdot \left(\varepsilon - 1\right), 1\right) - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x\right)}}{2} \]

      13. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x, \varepsilon + \color{blue}{-1}, 1\right) \cdot \left(\varepsilon - 1\right), 1\right) - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x\right)}}{2} \]

      14. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x, \color{blue}{-1 + \varepsilon}, 1\right) \cdot \left(\varepsilon - 1\right), 1\right) - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x\right)}}{2} \]

      15. lower-+.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x, \color{blue}{-1 + \varepsilon}, 1\right) \cdot \left(\varepsilon - 1\right), 1\right) - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x\right)}}{2} \]

      16. sub-neg N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x, -1 + \varepsilon, 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\varepsilon + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)}, 1\right) - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x\right)}}{2} \]

      17. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x, -1 + \varepsilon, 1\right) \cdot \left(\varepsilon + \color{blue}{-1}\right), 1\right) - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x\right)}}{2} \]

      18. +-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x, -1 + \varepsilon, 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 + \varepsilon\right)}, 1\right) - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x\right)}}{2} \]

      19. lower-+.f64 91.0

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 \cdot x, -1 + \varepsilon, 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 + \varepsilon\right)}, 1\right) - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{-\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x}}{2} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 91.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 \cdot x, -1 + \varepsilon, 1\right) \cdot \left(-1 + \varepsilon\right), 1\right)} - \left(\frac{1}{\varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot e^{-\left(1 + \varepsilon\right) \cdot x}}{2} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 94.7%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot e^{x \cdot \left(\varepsilon + -1\right)} + e^{x \cdot \left(-1 - \varepsilon\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{\varepsilon}\right) \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \left(e^{-x} \cdot \left(x + \left(x + 2\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \left(\varepsilon + -1\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot 0.5, \varepsilon + -1, 1\right), 1\right) + e^{x \cdot \left(-1 - \varepsilon\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \frac{-1}{\varepsilon}\right)}{2}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024230 
(FPCore (x eps)
  :name "NMSE Section 6.1 mentioned, A"
  :precision binary64
  (/ (- (* (+ 1.0 (/ 1.0 eps)) (exp (- (* (- 1.0 eps) x)))) (* (- (/ 1.0 eps) 1.0) (exp (- (* (+ 1.0 eps) x))))) 2.0))