Toniolo and Linder, Equation (10-)

Percentage Accurate: 35.9% → 95.2%
Time: 15.7s
Alternatives: 11
Speedup: 11.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  2.0
  (*
   (* (* (/ (pow t 3.0) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k))
   (- (+ 1.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0)) 1.0))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    code = 2.0d0 / (((((t ** 3.0d0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0d0 + ((k / t) ** 2.0d0)) - 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((Math.pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * Math.sin(k)) * Math.tan(k)) * ((1.0 + Math.pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0));
}
def code(t, l, k):
	return 2.0 / ((((math.pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * math.sin(k)) * math.tan(k)) * ((1.0 + math.pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0))
function code(t, l, k)
	return Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64((t ^ 3.0) / Float64(l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(k / t) ^ 2.0)) - 1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = 2.0 / (((((t ^ 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + ((k / t) ^ 2.0)) - 1.0));
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Power[t, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(l * l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(k / t), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 11 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 35.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  2.0
  (*
   (* (* (/ (pow t 3.0) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k))
   (- (+ 1.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0)) 1.0))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    code = 2.0d0 / (((((t ** 3.0d0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0d0 + ((k / t) ** 2.0d0)) - 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((Math.pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * Math.sin(k)) * Math.tan(k)) * ((1.0 + Math.pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0));
}
def code(t, l, k):
	return 2.0 / ((((math.pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * math.sin(k)) * math.tan(k)) * ((1.0 + math.pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0))
function code(t, l, k)
	return Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64((t ^ 3.0) / Float64(l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(k / t) ^ 2.0)) - 1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = 2.0 / (((((t ^ 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + ((k / t) ^ 2.0)) - 1.0));
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Power[t, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(l * l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(k / t), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 95.2% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} k_m = \left|k\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k\_m \leq 2.4 \cdot 10^{-104}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{k\_m \cdot \left(k\_m \cdot t\right)} \cdot \frac{\ell}{k\_m}}{k\_m}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(2 \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k\_m \cdot \left(\sin k\_m \cdot \tan k\_m\right)}}{t}}{k\_m}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
k_m = (fabs.f64 k)
(FPCore (t l k_m)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= k_m 2.4e-104)
   (/ (* (/ (* 2.0 l) (* k_m (* k_m t))) (/ l k_m)) k_m)
   (* (* 2.0 l) (/ (/ (/ l (* k_m (* (sin k_m) (tan k_m)))) t) k_m))))
k_m = fabs(k);
double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (k_m <= 2.4e-104) {
		tmp = (((2.0 * l) / (k_m * (k_m * t))) * (l / k_m)) / k_m;
	} else {
		tmp = (2.0 * l) * (((l / (k_m * (sin(k_m) * tan(k_m)))) / t) / k_m);
	}
	return tmp;
}
k_m = abs(k)
real(8) function code(t, l, k_m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k_m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (k_m <= 2.4d-104) then
        tmp = (((2.0d0 * l) / (k_m * (k_m * t))) * (l / k_m)) / k_m
    else
        tmp = (2.0d0 * l) * (((l / (k_m * (sin(k_m) * tan(k_m)))) / t) / k_m)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
k_m = Math.abs(k);
public static double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (k_m <= 2.4e-104) {
		tmp = (((2.0 * l) / (k_m * (k_m * t))) * (l / k_m)) / k_m;
	} else {
		tmp = (2.0 * l) * (((l / (k_m * (Math.sin(k_m) * Math.tan(k_m)))) / t) / k_m);
	}
	return tmp;
}
k_m = math.fabs(k)
def code(t, l, k_m):
	tmp = 0
	if k_m <= 2.4e-104:
		tmp = (((2.0 * l) / (k_m * (k_m * t))) * (l / k_m)) / k_m
	else:
		tmp = (2.0 * l) * (((l / (k_m * (math.sin(k_m) * math.tan(k_m)))) / t) / k_m)
	return tmp
k_m = abs(k)
function code(t, l, k_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (k_m <= 2.4e-104)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * l) / Float64(k_m * Float64(k_m * t))) * Float64(l / k_m)) / k_m);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(2.0 * l) * Float64(Float64(Float64(l / Float64(k_m * Float64(sin(k_m) * tan(k_m)))) / t) / k_m));
	end
	return tmp
end
k_m = abs(k);
function tmp_2 = code(t, l, k_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (k_m <= 2.4e-104)
		tmp = (((2.0 * l) / (k_m * (k_m * t))) * (l / k_m)) / k_m;
	else
		tmp = (2.0 * l) * (((l / (k_m * (sin(k_m) * tan(k_m)))) / t) / k_m);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
k_m = N[Abs[k], $MachinePrecision]
code[t_, l_, k$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[k$95$m, 2.4e-104], N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * l), $MachinePrecision] / N[(k$95$m * N[(k$95$m * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(l / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(2.0 * l), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(l / N[(k$95$m * N[(N[Sin[k$95$m], $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[k$95$m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision] / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
k_m = \left|k\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;k\_m \leq 2.4 \cdot 10^{-104}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{k\_m \cdot \left(k\_m \cdot t\right)} \cdot \frac{\ell}{k\_m}}{k\_m}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(2 \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k\_m \cdot \left(\sin k\_m \cdot \tan k\_m\right)}}{t}}{k\_m}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if k < 2.4000000000000001e-104

    1. Initial program 45.5%

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in k around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot {\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}} \]
      2. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot {\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}} \]
      3. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot {\ell}^{2}}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t} \]
      4. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t} \]
      5. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t} \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}} \]
      7. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}} \]
      8. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{t \cdot {k}^{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot 2\right)}}} \]
      9. pow-sqrN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left({k}^{2} \cdot {k}^{2}\right)}} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left({k}^{2} \cdot {k}^{2}\right)}} \]
      11. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{t \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot {k}^{2}\right)} \]
      12. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{t \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot {k}^{2}\right)} \]
      13. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{t \cdot \left(\left(k \cdot k\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)}\right)} \]
      14. lower-*.f6466.0

        \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{t \cdot \left(\left(k \cdot k\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)}\right)} \]
    5. Applied rewrites66.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{t \cdot \left(\left(k \cdot k\right) \cdot \left(k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites64.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{t}}{k \cdot k}}{\color{blue}{k \cdot k}} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites92.2%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{k \cdot t} \cdot \frac{\ell}{k}}{\color{blue}{k} \cdot k} \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites97.2%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\ell \cdot 2}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)} \cdot \frac{\ell}{k}}{\color{blue}{k}} \]

          if 2.4000000000000001e-104 < k

          1. Initial program 29.9%

            \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. associate-*r/N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k\right)}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}} \]
            2. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k\right)}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}} \]
            3. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k\right)}}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)} \]
            4. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \cos k\right)}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)} \]
            5. associate-*l*N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)} \]
            6. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos k \cdot \ell\right)}\right)}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)} \]
            7. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \left(\cos k \cdot \ell\right)\right)}}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)} \]
            8. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)}\right)}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)} \]
            9. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)}\right)}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)} \]
            10. lower-cos.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \color{blue}{\cos k}\right)\right)}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)} \]
            11. associate-*r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\left({k}^{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}} \]
            12. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot \left({k}^{2} \cdot t\right)}} \]
            13. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot \left({k}^{2} \cdot t\right)}} \]
            14. lower-pow.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{{\sin k}^{2}} \cdot \left({k}^{2} \cdot t\right)} \]
            15. lower-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}{{\color{blue}{\sin k}}^{2} \cdot \left({k}^{2} \cdot t\right)} \]
            16. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot {k}^{2}\right)}} \]
            17. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot {k}^{2}\right)}} \]
            18. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)}\right)} \]
            19. lower-*.f6476.6

              \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)}\right)} \]
          5. Applied rewrites76.6%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites77.4%

              \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(k + k\right)\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(k \cdot k\right)\right)}\right)} \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites95.6%

                \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell \cdot \frac{1}{\sin k \cdot \tan k}}{k \cdot t}}{\color{blue}{k}} \]
              2. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites97.4%

                  \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)}}{t}}{k} \]
              3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
              4. Final simplification97.3%

                \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 2.4 \cdot 10^{-104}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)} \cdot \frac{\ell}{k}}{k}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(2 \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)}}{t}}{k}\\ \end{array} \]
              5. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 2: 93.3% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} k_m = \left|k\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k\_m \leq 3 \cdot 10^{-141}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{k\_m \cdot \left(k\_m \cdot t\right)} \cdot \frac{\ell}{k\_m}}{k\_m}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(2 \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell}{\left(k\_m \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\sin k\_m \cdot \tan k\_m\right)}}{k\_m}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
              k_m = (fabs.f64 k)
              (FPCore (t l k_m)
               :precision binary64
               (if (<= k_m 3e-141)
                 (/ (* (/ (* 2.0 l) (* k_m (* k_m t))) (/ l k_m)) k_m)
                 (* (* 2.0 l) (/ (/ l (* (* k_m t) (* (sin k_m) (tan k_m)))) k_m))))
              k_m = fabs(k);
              double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
              	double tmp;
              	if (k_m <= 3e-141) {
              		tmp = (((2.0 * l) / (k_m * (k_m * t))) * (l / k_m)) / k_m;
              	} else {
              		tmp = (2.0 * l) * ((l / ((k_m * t) * (sin(k_m) * tan(k_m)))) / k_m);
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              k_m = abs(k)
              real(8) function code(t, l, k_m)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: t
                  real(8), intent (in) :: l
                  real(8), intent (in) :: k_m
                  real(8) :: tmp
                  if (k_m <= 3d-141) then
                      tmp = (((2.0d0 * l) / (k_m * (k_m * t))) * (l / k_m)) / k_m
                  else
                      tmp = (2.0d0 * l) * ((l / ((k_m * t) * (sin(k_m) * tan(k_m)))) / k_m)
                  end if
                  code = tmp
              end function
              
              k_m = Math.abs(k);
              public static double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
              	double tmp;
              	if (k_m <= 3e-141) {
              		tmp = (((2.0 * l) / (k_m * (k_m * t))) * (l / k_m)) / k_m;
              	} else {
              		tmp = (2.0 * l) * ((l / ((k_m * t) * (Math.sin(k_m) * Math.tan(k_m)))) / k_m);
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              k_m = math.fabs(k)
              def code(t, l, k_m):
              	tmp = 0
              	if k_m <= 3e-141:
              		tmp = (((2.0 * l) / (k_m * (k_m * t))) * (l / k_m)) / k_m
              	else:
              		tmp = (2.0 * l) * ((l / ((k_m * t) * (math.sin(k_m) * math.tan(k_m)))) / k_m)
              	return tmp
              
              k_m = abs(k)
              function code(t, l, k_m)
              	tmp = 0.0
              	if (k_m <= 3e-141)
              		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * l) / Float64(k_m * Float64(k_m * t))) * Float64(l / k_m)) / k_m);
              	else
              		tmp = Float64(Float64(2.0 * l) * Float64(Float64(l / Float64(Float64(k_m * t) * Float64(sin(k_m) * tan(k_m)))) / k_m));
              	end
              	return tmp
              end
              
              k_m = abs(k);
              function tmp_2 = code(t, l, k_m)
              	tmp = 0.0;
              	if (k_m <= 3e-141)
              		tmp = (((2.0 * l) / (k_m * (k_m * t))) * (l / k_m)) / k_m;
              	else
              		tmp = (2.0 * l) * ((l / ((k_m * t) * (sin(k_m) * tan(k_m)))) / k_m);
              	end
              	tmp_2 = tmp;
              end
              
              k_m = N[Abs[k], $MachinePrecision]
              code[t_, l_, k$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[k$95$m, 3e-141], N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * l), $MachinePrecision] / N[(k$95$m * N[(k$95$m * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(l / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(2.0 * l), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(l / N[(N[(k$95$m * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[k$95$m], $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[k$95$m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              k_m = \left|k\right|
              
              \\
              \begin{array}{l}
              \mathbf{if}\;k\_m \leq 3 \cdot 10^{-141}:\\
              \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{k\_m \cdot \left(k\_m \cdot t\right)} \cdot \frac{\ell}{k\_m}}{k\_m}\\
              
              \mathbf{else}:\\
              \;\;\;\;\left(2 \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell}{\left(k\_m \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\sin k\_m \cdot \tan k\_m\right)}}{k\_m}\\
              
              
              \end{array}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Split input into 2 regimes
              2. if k < 2.99999999999999983e-141

                1. Initial program 48.3%

                  \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in k around 0

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. associate-*r/N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot {\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}} \]
                  2. lower-/.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot {\ell}^{2}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t}} \]
                  3. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot {\ell}^{2}}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t} \]
                  4. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t} \]
                  5. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}}{{k}^{4} \cdot t} \]
                  6. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}} \]
                  7. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}} \]
                  8. metadata-evalN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{t \cdot {k}^{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot 2\right)}}} \]
                  9. pow-sqrN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left({k}^{2} \cdot {k}^{2}\right)}} \]
                  10. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left({k}^{2} \cdot {k}^{2}\right)}} \]
                  11. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{t \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot {k}^{2}\right)} \]
                  12. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{t \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot {k}^{2}\right)} \]
                  13. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{t \cdot \left(\left(k \cdot k\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)}\right)} \]
                  14. lower-*.f6475.0

                    \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{t \cdot \left(\left(k \cdot k\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)}\right)} \]
                5. Applied rewrites75.0%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{t \cdot \left(\left(k \cdot k\right) \cdot \left(k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
                6. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites70.3%

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}{t}}{k \cdot k}}{\color{blue}{k \cdot k}} \]
                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites92.8%

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{k \cdot t} \cdot \frac{\ell}{k}}{\color{blue}{k} \cdot k} \]
                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites97.7%

                        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\ell \cdot 2}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)} \cdot \frac{\ell}{k}}{\color{blue}{k}} \]

                      if 2.99999999999999983e-141 < k

                      1. Initial program 31.2%

                        \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. associate-*r/N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k\right)}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}} \]
                        2. lower-/.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k\right)}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}} \]
                        3. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left({\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k\right)}}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)} \]
                        4. unpow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \cos k\right)}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)} \]
                        5. associate-*l*N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)} \]
                        6. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos k \cdot \ell\right)}\right)}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)} \]
                        7. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \left(\cos k \cdot \ell\right)\right)}}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)} \]
                        8. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)}\right)}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)} \]
                        9. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)}\right)}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)} \]
                        10. lower-cos.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \color{blue}{\cos k}\right)\right)}{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)} \]
                        11. associate-*r*N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\left({k}^{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot {\sin k}^{2}}} \]
                        12. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot \left({k}^{2} \cdot t\right)}} \]
                        13. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot \left({k}^{2} \cdot t\right)}} \]
                        14. lower-pow.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{{\sin k}^{2}} \cdot \left({k}^{2} \cdot t\right)} \]
                        15. lower-sin.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}{{\color{blue}{\sin k}}^{2} \cdot \left({k}^{2} \cdot t\right)} \]
                        16. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot {k}^{2}\right)}} \]
                        17. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot {k}^{2}\right)}} \]
                        18. unpow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)}\right)} \]
                        19. lower-*.f6473.6

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)}\right)} \]
                      5. Applied rewrites73.6%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right)\right)}{{\sin k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(k \cdot k\right)\right)}} \]
                      6. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites69.6%

                          \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\ell \cdot \cos k\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(k + k\right)\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(k \cdot k\right)\right)}\right)} \]
                        2. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites92.8%

                            \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell \cdot \frac{1}{\sin k \cdot \tan k}}{k \cdot t}}{\color{blue}{k}} \]
                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites91.7%

                              \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell}{\left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)}}{\color{blue}{k}} \]
                          3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                          4. Final simplification93.3%

                            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 3 \cdot 10^{-141}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot t\right)} \cdot \frac{\ell}{k}}{k}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(2 \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{\ell}{\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \tan k\right)}}{k}\\ \end{array} \]
                          5. Add Preprocessing

                          Reproduce

                          ?
                          herbie shell --seed 2024230 
                          (FPCore (t l k)
                            :name "Toniolo and Linder, Equation (10-)"
                            :precision binary64
                            (/ 2.0 (* (* (* (/ (pow t 3.0) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k)) (- (+ 1.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0)) 1.0))))