Toniolo and Linder, Equation (10+)

Percentage Accurate: 54.4% → 88.4%
Time: 17.5s
Alternatives: 16
Speedup: 12.5×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  2.0
  (*
   (* (* (/ (pow t 3.0) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k))
   (+ (+ 1.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0)) 1.0))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + pow((k / t), 2.0)) + 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    code = 2.0d0 / (((((t ** 3.0d0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0d0 + ((k / t) ** 2.0d0)) + 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((Math.pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * Math.sin(k)) * Math.tan(k)) * ((1.0 + Math.pow((k / t), 2.0)) + 1.0));
}
def code(t, l, k):
	return 2.0 / ((((math.pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * math.sin(k)) * math.tan(k)) * ((1.0 + math.pow((k / t), 2.0)) + 1.0))
function code(t, l, k)
	return Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64((t ^ 3.0) / Float64(l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(k / t) ^ 2.0)) + 1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = 2.0 / (((((t ^ 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + ((k / t) ^ 2.0)) + 1.0));
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Power[t, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(l * l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(k / t), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 16 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 54.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  2.0
  (*
   (* (* (/ (pow t 3.0) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k))
   (+ (+ 1.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0)) 1.0))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + pow((k / t), 2.0)) + 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    code = 2.0d0 / (((((t ** 3.0d0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0d0 + ((k / t) ** 2.0d0)) + 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((Math.pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * Math.sin(k)) * Math.tan(k)) * ((1.0 + Math.pow((k / t), 2.0)) + 1.0));
}
def code(t, l, k):
	return 2.0 / ((((math.pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * math.sin(k)) * math.tan(k)) * ((1.0 + math.pow((k / t), 2.0)) + 1.0))
function code(t, l, k)
	return Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64((t ^ 3.0) / Float64(l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(k / t) ^ 2.0)) + 1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = 2.0 / (((((t ^ 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + ((k / t) ^ 2.0)) + 1.0));
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Power[t, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(l * l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(k / t), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 88.4% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} t\_m = \left|t\right| \\ t\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, t\right) \\ t\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_m \leq 6.8 \cdot 10^{-81}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t\_m \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\ell \cdot \cos k}}{\ell}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\left(\left(t\_m \cdot \left(\frac{t\_m \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t\_m}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{k}{t\_m}, \frac{k}{t\_m}, 2\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
t\_m = (fabs.f64 t)
t\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) t)
(FPCore (t_s t_m l k)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  t_s
  (if (<= t_m 6.8e-81)
    (/ 2.0 (/ (/ (* k (* k (* t_m (pow (sin k) 2.0)))) (* l (cos k))) l))
    (/
     2.0
     (*
      (* (* t_m (* (/ (* t_m (sin k)) l) (/ t_m l))) (tan k))
      (fma (/ k t_m) (/ k t_m) 2.0))))))
t\_m = fabs(t);
t\_s = copysign(1.0, t);
double code(double t_s, double t_m, double l, double k) {
	double tmp;
	if (t_m <= 6.8e-81) {
		tmp = 2.0 / (((k * (k * (t_m * pow(sin(k), 2.0)))) / (l * cos(k))) / l);
	} else {
		tmp = 2.0 / (((t_m * (((t_m * sin(k)) / l) * (t_m / l))) * tan(k)) * fma((k / t_m), (k / t_m), 2.0));
	}
	return t_s * tmp;
}
t\_m = abs(t)
t\_s = copysign(1.0, t)
function code(t_s, t_m, l, k)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_m <= 6.8e-81)
		tmp = Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(k * Float64(k * Float64(t_m * (sin(k) ^ 2.0)))) / Float64(l * cos(k))) / l));
	else
		tmp = Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(t_m * Float64(Float64(Float64(t_m * sin(k)) / l) * Float64(t_m / l))) * tan(k)) * fma(Float64(k / t_m), Float64(k / t_m), 2.0)));
	end
	return Float64(t_s * tmp)
end
t\_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
t\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[t]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$s_, t$95$m_, l_, k_] := N[(t$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$m, 6.8e-81], N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(k * N[(k * N[(t$95$m * N[Power[N[Sin[k], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(l * N[Cos[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(t$95$m * N[(N[(N[(t$95$m * N[Sin[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / l), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$m / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(k / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(k / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision] + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
t\_m = \left|t\right|
\\
t\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, t\right)

\\
t\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;t\_m \leq 6.8 \cdot 10^{-81}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t\_m \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\ell \cdot \cos k}}{\ell}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\left(\left(t\_m \cdot \left(\frac{t\_m \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t\_m}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{k}{t\_m}, \frac{k}{t\_m}, 2\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if t < 6.7999999999999997e-81

    1. Initial program 37.9%

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right)} \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      3. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)\right)}} \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\left(\tan k \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right)}} \]
      5. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\tan k \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right)}} \]
      6. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\tan k \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot \sin k\right)} \]
      7. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\tan k \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{t}^{3} \cdot \sin k}{\ell \cdot \ell}}} \]
      8. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\tan k \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{t}^{3} \cdot \sin k}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}}} \]
      9. associate-/r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\tan k \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{t}^{3} \cdot \sin k}{\ell}}{\ell}}} \]
      10. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(\tan k \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{t}^{3} \cdot \sin k}{\ell}}{\ell}}} \]
      11. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(\tan k \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{t}^{3} \cdot \sin k}{\ell}}{\ell}}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites22.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(\tan k \cdot \left(2 + \frac{k \cdot k}{t \cdot t}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\left(t \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \sin k}{\ell}}{\ell}}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in k around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell \cdot \cos k}}}{\ell}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell \cdot \cos k}}}{\ell}} \]
      2. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell \cdot \cos k}}{\ell}} \]
      3. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}}{\ell \cdot \cos k}}{\ell}} \]
      4. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}}{\ell \cdot \cos k}}{\ell}} \]
      5. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}}{\ell \cdot \cos k}}{\ell}} \]
      6. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}\right)}{\ell \cdot \cos k}}{\ell}} \]
      7. lower-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot \color{blue}{{\sin k}^{2}}\right)\right)}{\ell \cdot \cos k}}{\ell}} \]
      8. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\color{blue}{\sin k}}^{2}\right)\right)}{\ell \cdot \cos k}}{\ell}} \]
      9. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \cos k}}}{\ell}} \]
      10. lower-cos.f6484.7

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\ell \cdot \color{blue}{\cos k}}}{\ell}} \]
    7. Applied rewrites84.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\ell \cdot \cos k}}}{\ell}} \]

    if 6.7999999999999997e-81 < t

    1. Initial program 70.8%

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right)} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      3. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{{t}^{3} \cdot \sin k}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      4. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left({t}^{3} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      5. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\left(\color{blue}{{t}^{3}} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      6. cube-multN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)\right)} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      7. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot \sin k\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      8. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\left(\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      9. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\left(\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      11. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin k\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      12. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin k\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      13. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \sin k\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      14. lower-/.f6477.5

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\left(t \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
    4. Applied rewrites77.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\left(t \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\left(t \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      3. un-div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{t \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin k\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      4. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin k\right)}}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot t}}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      6. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \frac{\left(t \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot t}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      7. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      8. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      9. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      10. lower-/.f6491.6

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{t}{\ell}}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
    6. Applied rewrites91.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}} \]
      2. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)} + 1\right)} \]
      3. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2} + 1\right)} + 1\right)} \]
      4. associate-+l+N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2} + \left(1 + 1\right)\right)}} \]
      5. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{2}\right)} \]
      6. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}} + 2\right)} \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{k}{t} \cdot \frac{k}{t}} + 2\right)} \]
      8. lower-fma.f6491.6

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{k}{t}, \frac{k}{t}, 2\right)}} \]
    8. Applied rewrites91.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{k}{t}, \frac{k}{t}, 2\right)}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 86.0% accurate, 1.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} t\_m = \left|t\right| \\ t\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, t\right) \\ t\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_m \leq 6 \cdot 10^{+41}:\\ \;\;\;\;\ell \cdot \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{\sin k \cdot \left(t\_m \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, t\_m \cdot t\_m, k \cdot k\right)\right)}}{\tan k}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\left(\left(t\_m \cdot \left(\frac{t\_m \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t\_m}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{k}{t\_m}, \frac{k}{t\_m}, 2\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
t\_m = (fabs.f64 t)
t\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) t)
(FPCore (t_s t_m l k)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  t_s
  (if (<= t_m 6e+41)
    (*
     l
     (/
      (/ (* 2.0 l) (* (sin k) (* t_m (fma 2.0 (* t_m t_m) (* k k)))))
      (tan k)))
    (/
     2.0
     (*
      (* (* t_m (* (/ (* t_m (sin k)) l) (/ t_m l))) (tan k))
      (fma (/ k t_m) (/ k t_m) 2.0))))))
t\_m = fabs(t);
t\_s = copysign(1.0, t);
double code(double t_s, double t_m, double l, double k) {
	double tmp;
	if (t_m <= 6e+41) {
		tmp = l * (((2.0 * l) / (sin(k) * (t_m * fma(2.0, (t_m * t_m), (k * k))))) / tan(k));
	} else {
		tmp = 2.0 / (((t_m * (((t_m * sin(k)) / l) * (t_m / l))) * tan(k)) * fma((k / t_m), (k / t_m), 2.0));
	}
	return t_s * tmp;
}
t\_m = abs(t)
t\_s = copysign(1.0, t)
function code(t_s, t_m, l, k)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_m <= 6e+41)
		tmp = Float64(l * Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * l) / Float64(sin(k) * Float64(t_m * fma(2.0, Float64(t_m * t_m), Float64(k * k))))) / tan(k)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(t_m * Float64(Float64(Float64(t_m * sin(k)) / l) * Float64(t_m / l))) * tan(k)) * fma(Float64(k / t_m), Float64(k / t_m), 2.0)));
	end
	return Float64(t_s * tmp)
end
t\_m = N[Abs[t], $MachinePrecision]
t\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[t]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[t$95$s_, t$95$m_, l_, k_] := N[(t$95$s * If[LessEqual[t$95$m, 6e+41], N[(l * N[(N[(N[(2.0 * l), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Sin[k], $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$m * N[(2.0 * N[(t$95$m * t$95$m), $MachinePrecision] + N[(k * k), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Tan[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(t$95$m * N[(N[(N[(t$95$m * N[Sin[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / l), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$m / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(k / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(k / t$95$m), $MachinePrecision] + 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
t\_m = \left|t\right|
\\
t\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, t\right)

\\
t\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;t\_m \leq 6 \cdot 10^{+41}:\\
\;\;\;\;\ell \cdot \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{\sin k \cdot \left(t\_m \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, t\_m \cdot t\_m, k \cdot k\right)\right)}}{\tan k}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\left(\left(t\_m \cdot \left(\frac{t\_m \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t\_m}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{k}{t\_m}, \frac{k}{t\_m}, 2\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if t < 5.9999999999999997e41

    1. Initial program 46.9%

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      2. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{\color{blue}{{t}^{3}}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      3. sqr-powN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{\color{blue}{{t}^{\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)} \cdot {t}^{\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)}}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      4. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)} \cdot {t}^{\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)}}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      5. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{{t}^{\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{{t}^{\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)}}{\ell}\right)} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      6. pow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{{t}^{\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)}}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      7. lower-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{{t}^{\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)}}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      8. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left({\color{blue}{\left(\frac{{t}^{\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)}}{\ell}\right)}}^{2} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      9. lower-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left({\left(\frac{\color{blue}{{t}^{\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)}}}{\ell}\right)}^{2} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      10. metadata-eval59.5

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left({\left(\frac{{t}^{\color{blue}{1.5}}}{\ell}\right)}^{2} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
    4. Applied rewrites59.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{{t}^{1.5}}{\ell}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
    5. Applied rewrites37.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{\tan k \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(k, \frac{k}{t \cdot t}, 2\right) \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in t around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{2}{\tan k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(2 \cdot \left({t}^{2} \cdot \sin k\right) + {k}^{2} \cdot \sin k\right)\right)}} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{2}{\tan k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(2 \cdot \left({t}^{2} \cdot \sin k\right) + {k}^{2} \cdot \sin k\right)\right)}} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
      2. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{2}{\tan k \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot {t}^{2}\right) \cdot \sin k} + {k}^{2} \cdot \sin k\right)\right)} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
      3. distribute-rgt-outN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{2}{\tan k \cdot \left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin k \cdot \left(2 \cdot {t}^{2} + {k}^{2}\right)\right)}\right)} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
      4. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{2}{\tan k \cdot \left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin k \cdot \left(2 \cdot {t}^{2} + {k}^{2}\right)\right)}\right)} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
      5. lower-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{2}{\tan k \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sin k} \cdot \left(2 \cdot {t}^{2} + {k}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
      6. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{2}{\tan k \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \color{blue}{\left({k}^{2} + 2 \cdot {t}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{2}{\tan k \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \left(\color{blue}{k \cdot k} + 2 \cdot {t}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
      8. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{2}{\tan k \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(k, k, 2 \cdot {t}^{2}\right)}\right)\right)} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
      9. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{2}{\tan k \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(k, k, \color{blue}{2 \cdot {t}^{2}}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
      10. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{2}{\tan k \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(k, k, 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot t\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
      11. lower-*.f6480.4

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{2}{\tan k \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(k, k, 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot t\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
    8. Applied rewrites80.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{2}{\tan k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(k, k, 2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{\tan k \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(k, k, 2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \ell\right)} \cdot \ell \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{2}{\tan k \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(k, k, 2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell \]
      3. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{\tan k \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(k, k, 2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot \ell \]
      4. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \ell}{\color{blue}{\tan k \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(k, k, 2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)\right)\right)\right)}} \cdot \ell \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2 \cdot \ell}{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(k, k, 2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \tan k}} \cdot \ell \]
      6. associate-/r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{t \cdot \left(\sin k \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(k, k, 2 \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)\right)\right)}}{\tan k}} \cdot \ell \]
    10. Applied rewrites82.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{\sin k \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, t \cdot t, k \cdot k\right) \cdot t\right)}}{\tan k}} \cdot \ell \]

    if 5.9999999999999997e41 < t

    1. Initial program 64.1%

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right)} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      3. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{{t}^{3} \cdot \sin k}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      4. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left({t}^{3} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      5. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\left(\color{blue}{{t}^{3}} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      6. cube-multN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(t \cdot t\right)\right)} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      7. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot \sin k\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      8. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\left(\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      9. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\left(\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot t\right) \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      11. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin k\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      12. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin k\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      13. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \sin k\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      14. lower-/.f6474.0

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\left(t \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
    4. Applied rewrites74.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\left(t \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)\right)} \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right)}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\left(t \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin k\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\ell \cdot \ell}}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      3. un-div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{t \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin k\right)}{\ell \cdot \ell}}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      4. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin k\right)}}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot t}}{\ell \cdot \ell}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      6. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \frac{\left(t \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot t}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      7. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      8. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      9. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
      10. lower-/.f6490.4

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{t}{\ell}}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
    6. Applied rewrites90.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)}\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) + 1\right)}} \]
      2. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right)} + 1\right)} \]
      3. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2} + 1\right)} + 1\right)} \]
      4. associate-+l+N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2} + \left(1 + 1\right)\right)}} \]
      5. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2} + \color{blue}{2}\right)} \]
      6. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}} + 2\right)} \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{k}{t} \cdot \frac{k}{t}} + 2\right)} \]
      8. lower-fma.f6490.4

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{k}{t}, \frac{k}{t}, 2\right)}} \]
    8. Applied rewrites90.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{k}{t}, \frac{k}{t}, 2\right)}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification86.0%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 6 \cdot 10^{+41}:\\ \;\;\;\;\ell \cdot \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \ell}{\sin k \cdot \left(t \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, t \cdot t, k \cdot k\right)\right)}}{\tan k}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \sin k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{t}{\ell}\right)\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{k}{t}, \frac{k}{t}, 2\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024230 
(FPCore (t l k)
  :name "Toniolo and Linder, Equation (10+)"
  :precision binary64
  (/ 2.0 (* (* (* (/ (pow t 3.0) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k)) (+ (+ 1.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0)) 1.0))))