Anisotropic x16 LOD (LOD)

Percentage Accurate: 76.4% → 76.4%

Time: 38.0s

Alternatives: 9

Speedup: 0.9×

Specification

\[\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(1 \leq w \land w \leq 16384\right) \land \left(1 \leq h \land h \leq 16384\right)\right) \land \left(10^{-20} \leq \left|dX.u\right| \land \left|dX.u\right| \leq 10^{+20}\right)\right) \land \left(10^{-20} \leq \left|dX.v\right| \land \left|dX.v\right| \leq 10^{+20}\right)\right) \land \left(10^{-20} \leq \left|dY.u\right| \land \left|dY.u\right| \leq 10^{+20}\right)\right) \land \left(10^{-20} \leq \left|dY.v\right| \land \left|dY.v\right| \leq 10^{+20}\right)\right) \land maxAniso = 16\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\\ t_1 := \left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\\ t_2 := \left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\\ t_3 := \left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\\ t_4 := \mathsf{max}\left(t\_3 \cdot t\_3 + t\_0 \cdot t\_0, t\_1 \cdot t\_1 + t\_2 \cdot t\_2\right)\\ t_5 := \sqrt{t\_4}\\ t_6 := \left|t\_3 \cdot t\_2 - t\_0 \cdot t\_1\right|\\ \log_{2} \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{t\_4}{t\_6} > \left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor :\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_5}{\left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor }\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_6}{t\_5}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (w h dX.u dX.v dY.u dY.v maxAniso)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (floor h) dX.v))
        (t_1 (* (floor w) dY.u))
        (t_2 (* (floor h) dY.v))
        (t_3 (* (floor w) dX.u))
        (t_4 (fmax (+ (* t_3 t_3) (* t_0 t_0)) (+ (* t_1 t_1) (* t_2 t_2))))
        (t_5 (sqrt t_4))
        (t_6 (fabs (- (* t_3 t_2) (* t_0 t_1)))))
   (log2
    (if (> (/ t_4 t_6) (floor maxAniso))
      (/ t_5 (floor maxAniso))
      (/ t_6 t_5)))))

C

float code(float w, float h, float dX_46_u, float dX_46_v, float dY_46_u, float dY_46_v, float maxAniso) {
	float t_0 = floorf(h) * dX_46_v;
	float t_1 = floorf(w) * dY_46_u;
	float t_2 = floorf(h) * dY_46_v;
	float t_3 = floorf(w) * dX_46_u;
	float t_4 = fmaxf(((t_3 * t_3) + (t_0 * t_0)), ((t_1 * t_1) + (t_2 * t_2)));
	float t_5 = sqrtf(t_4);
	float t_6 = fabsf(((t_3 * t_2) - (t_0 * t_1)));
	float tmp;
	if ((t_4 / t_6) > floorf(maxAniso)) {
		tmp = t_5 / floorf(maxAniso);
	} else {
		tmp = t_6 / t_5;
	}
	return log2f(tmp);
}

Julia

function code(w, h, dX_46_u, dX_46_v, dY_46_u, dY_46_v, maxAniso)
	t_0 = Float32(floor(h) * dX_46_v)
	t_1 = Float32(floor(w) * dY_46_u)
	t_2 = Float32(floor(h) * dY_46_v)
	t_3 = Float32(floor(w) * dX_46_u)
	t_4 = (Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_3) + Float32(t_0 * t_0)) != Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_3) + Float32(t_0 * t_0))) ? Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) + Float32(t_2 * t_2)) : ((Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) + Float32(t_2 * t_2)) != Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) + Float32(t_2 * t_2))) ? Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_3) + Float32(t_0 * t_0)) : max(Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_3) + Float32(t_0 * t_0)), Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) + Float32(t_2 * t_2))))
	t_5 = sqrt(t_4)
	t_6 = abs(Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_2) - Float32(t_0 * t_1)))
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (Float32(t_4 / t_6) > floor(maxAniso))
		tmp = Float32(t_5 / floor(maxAniso));
	else
		tmp = Float32(t_6 / t_5);
	end
	return log2(tmp)
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(w, h, dX_46_u, dX_46_v, dY_46_u, dY_46_v, maxAniso)
	t_0 = floor(h) * dX_46_v;
	t_1 = floor(w) * dY_46_u;
	t_2 = floor(h) * dY_46_v;
	t_3 = floor(w) * dX_46_u;
	t_4 = max(((t_3 * t_3) + (t_0 * t_0)), ((t_1 * t_1) + (t_2 * t_2)));
	t_5 = sqrt(t_4);
	t_6 = abs(((t_3 * t_2) - (t_0 * t_1)));
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if ((t_4 / t_6) > floor(maxAniso))
		tmp = t_5 / floor(maxAniso);
	else
		tmp = t_6 / t_5;
	end
	tmp_2 = log2(tmp);
end

Initial Program: 76.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\\ t_1 := \left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\\ t_2 := \left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\\ t_3 := \left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\\ t_4 := \mathsf{max}\left(t\_3 \cdot t\_3 + t\_0 \cdot t\_0, t\_1 \cdot t\_1 + t\_2 \cdot t\_2\right)\\ t_5 := \sqrt{t\_4}\\ t_6 := \left|t\_3 \cdot t\_2 - t\_0 \cdot t\_1\right|\\ \log_{2} \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{t\_4}{t\_6} > \left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor :\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_5}{\left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor }\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_6}{t\_5}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (w h dX.u dX.v dY.u dY.v maxAniso)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (floor h) dX.v))
        (t_1 (* (floor w) dY.u))
        (t_2 (* (floor h) dY.v))
        (t_3 (* (floor w) dX.u))
        (t_4 (fmax (+ (* t_3 t_3) (* t_0 t_0)) (+ (* t_1 t_1) (* t_2 t_2))))
        (t_5 (sqrt t_4))
        (t_6 (fabs (- (* t_3 t_2) (* t_0 t_1)))))
   (log2
    (if (> (/ t_4 t_6) (floor maxAniso))
      (/ t_5 (floor maxAniso))
      (/ t_6 t_5)))))

C

float code(float w, float h, float dX_46_u, float dX_46_v, float dY_46_u, float dY_46_v, float maxAniso) {
	float t_0 = floorf(h) * dX_46_v;
	float t_1 = floorf(w) * dY_46_u;
	float t_2 = floorf(h) * dY_46_v;
	float t_3 = floorf(w) * dX_46_u;
	float t_4 = fmaxf(((t_3 * t_3) + (t_0 * t_0)), ((t_1 * t_1) + (t_2 * t_2)));
	float t_5 = sqrtf(t_4);
	float t_6 = fabsf(((t_3 * t_2) - (t_0 * t_1)));
	float tmp;
	if ((t_4 / t_6) > floorf(maxAniso)) {
		tmp = t_5 / floorf(maxAniso);
	} else {
		tmp = t_6 / t_5;
	}
	return log2f(tmp);
}

Julia

function code(w, h, dX_46_u, dX_46_v, dY_46_u, dY_46_v, maxAniso)
	t_0 = Float32(floor(h) * dX_46_v)
	t_1 = Float32(floor(w) * dY_46_u)
	t_2 = Float32(floor(h) * dY_46_v)
	t_3 = Float32(floor(w) * dX_46_u)
	t_4 = (Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_3) + Float32(t_0 * t_0)) != Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_3) + Float32(t_0 * t_0))) ? Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) + Float32(t_2 * t_2)) : ((Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) + Float32(t_2 * t_2)) != Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) + Float32(t_2 * t_2))) ? Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_3) + Float32(t_0 * t_0)) : max(Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_3) + Float32(t_0 * t_0)), Float32(Float32(t_1 * t_1) + Float32(t_2 * t_2))))
	t_5 = sqrt(t_4)
	t_6 = abs(Float32(Float32(t_3 * t_2) - Float32(t_0 * t_1)))
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (Float32(t_4 / t_6) > floor(maxAniso))
		tmp = Float32(t_5 / floor(maxAniso));
	else
		tmp = Float32(t_6 / t_5);
	end
	return log2(tmp)
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(w, h, dX_46_u, dX_46_v, dY_46_u, dY_46_v, maxAniso)
	t_0 = floor(h) * dX_46_v;
	t_1 = floor(w) * dY_46_u;
	t_2 = floor(h) * dY_46_v;
	t_3 = floor(w) * dX_46_u;
	t_4 = max(((t_3 * t_3) + (t_0 * t_0)), ((t_1 * t_1) + (t_2 * t_2)));
	t_5 = sqrt(t_4);
	t_6 = abs(((t_3 * t_2) - (t_0 * t_1)));
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if ((t_4 / t_6) > floor(maxAniso))
		tmp = t_5 / floor(maxAniso);
	else
		tmp = t_6 / t_5;
	end
	tmp_2 = log2(tmp);
end

Alternative 1: 76.4% accurate, 0.9× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := dX.v \cdot \left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \\ t_1 := {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\\ t_2 := dX.u \cdot \left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \\ t_3 := {t\_2}^{2}\\ t_4 := {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\\ t_5 := \mathsf{fma}\left(dY.v, dY.v \cdot t\_4, t\_1 \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot dY.u\right)\right)\\ t_6 := \mathsf{max}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, dX.v \cdot t\_4, \left(dX.u \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot t\_1\right), t\_5\right)\\ t_7 := \left|\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, -dY.u, dX.u \cdot dY.v\right)\right)\right|\\ t_8 := {t\_0}^{2}\\ \log_{2} \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{t\_6}{t\_7} > \left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor :\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{max}\left(\frac{t\_3 + t\_8}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor , dX.u, t\_0\right)} \cdot \frac{t\_3 - t\_8}{t\_2 - t\_0}, t\_5\right)}}{\left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor }\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_7 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{t\_6}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (w h dX.u dX.v dY.u dY.v maxAniso)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* dX.v (floor h)))
        (t_1 (pow (floor w) 2.0))
        (t_2 (* dX.u (floor w)))
        (t_3 (pow t_2 2.0))
        (t_4 (pow (floor h) 2.0))
        (t_5 (fma dY.v (* dY.v t_4) (* t_1 (* dY.u dY.u))))
        (t_6 (fmax (fma dX.v (* dX.v t_4) (* (* dX.u dX.u) t_1)) t_5))
        (t_7
         (fabs (* (floor h) (* (floor w) (fma dX.v (- dY.u) (* dX.u dY.v))))))
        (t_8 (pow t_0 2.0)))
   (log2
    (if (> (/ t_6 t_7) (floor maxAniso))
      (/
       (sqrt
        (fmax
         (*
          (/ (+ t_3 t_8) (fma (floor w) dX.u t_0))
          (/ (- t_3 t_8) (- t_2 t_0)))
         t_5))
       (floor maxAniso))
      (* t_7 (sqrt (/ 1.0 t_6)))))))

C

float code(float w, float h, float dX_46_u, float dX_46_v, float dY_46_u, float dY_46_v, float maxAniso) {
	float t_0 = dX_46_v * floorf(h);
	float t_1 = powf(floorf(w), 2.0f);
	float t_2 = dX_46_u * floorf(w);
	float t_3 = powf(t_2, 2.0f);
	float t_4 = powf(floorf(h), 2.0f);
	float t_5 = fmaf(dY_46_v, (dY_46_v * t_4), (t_1 * (dY_46_u * dY_46_u)));
	float t_6 = fmaxf(fmaf(dX_46_v, (dX_46_v * t_4), ((dX_46_u * dX_46_u) * t_1)), t_5);
	float t_7 = fabsf((floorf(h) * (floorf(w) * fmaf(dX_46_v, -dY_46_u, (dX_46_u * dY_46_v)))));
	float t_8 = powf(t_0, 2.0f);
	float tmp;
	if ((t_6 / t_7) > floorf(maxAniso)) {
		tmp = sqrtf(fmaxf((((t_3 + t_8) / fmaf(floorf(w), dX_46_u, t_0)) * ((t_3 - t_8) / (t_2 - t_0))), t_5)) / floorf(maxAniso);
	} else {
		tmp = t_7 * sqrtf((1.0f / t_6));
	}
	return log2f(tmp);
}

Julia

function code(w, h, dX_46_u, dX_46_v, dY_46_u, dY_46_v, maxAniso)
	t_0 = Float32(dX_46_v * floor(h))
	t_1 = floor(w) ^ Float32(2.0)
	t_2 = Float32(dX_46_u * floor(w))
	t_3 = t_2 ^ Float32(2.0)
	t_4 = floor(h) ^ Float32(2.0)
	t_5 = fma(dY_46_v, Float32(dY_46_v * t_4), Float32(t_1 * Float32(dY_46_u * dY_46_u)))
	t_6 = (fma(dX_46_v, Float32(dX_46_v * t_4), Float32(Float32(dX_46_u * dX_46_u) * t_1)) != fma(dX_46_v, Float32(dX_46_v * t_4), Float32(Float32(dX_46_u * dX_46_u) * t_1))) ? t_5 : ((t_5 != t_5) ? fma(dX_46_v, Float32(dX_46_v * t_4), Float32(Float32(dX_46_u * dX_46_u) * t_1)) : max(fma(dX_46_v, Float32(dX_46_v * t_4), Float32(Float32(dX_46_u * dX_46_u) * t_1)), t_5))
	t_7 = abs(Float32(floor(h) * Float32(floor(w) * fma(dX_46_v, Float32(-dY_46_u), Float32(dX_46_u * dY_46_v)))))
	t_8 = t_0 ^ Float32(2.0)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (Float32(t_6 / t_7) > floor(maxAniso))
		tmp = Float32(sqrt(((Float32(Float32(Float32(t_3 + t_8) / fma(floor(w), dX_46_u, t_0)) * Float32(Float32(t_3 - t_8) / Float32(t_2 - t_0))) != Float32(Float32(Float32(t_3 + t_8) / fma(floor(w), dX_46_u, t_0)) * Float32(Float32(t_3 - t_8) / Float32(t_2 - t_0)))) ? t_5 : ((t_5 != t_5) ? Float32(Float32(Float32(t_3 + t_8) / fma(floor(w), dX_46_u, t_0)) * Float32(Float32(t_3 - t_8) / Float32(t_2 - t_0))) : max(Float32(Float32(Float32(t_3 + t_8) / fma(floor(w), dX_46_u, t_0)) * Float32(Float32(t_3 - t_8) / Float32(t_2 - t_0))), t_5)))) / floor(maxAniso));
	else
		tmp = Float32(t_7 * sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) / t_6)));
	end
	return log2(tmp)
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 78.6%

   \[\log_{2} \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\mathsf{max}\left(\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\right) + \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\right), \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\right) + \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\right)\right)}{\left|\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\right) - \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\right)\right|} > \left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor :\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{max}\left(\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\right) + \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\right), \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\right) + \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\right)\right)}}{\left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor }\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left|\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\right) - \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\right)\right|}{\sqrt{\mathsf{max}\left(\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\right) + \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\right), \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\right) + \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\right)\right)}}\\ \end{array} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in w around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log_{2} \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\mathsf{max}\left({dX.u}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} + {dX.v}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {dY.u}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} + {dY.v}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right)}{\left|dX.u \cdot \left(dY.v \cdot \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot \left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)\right) - dX.v \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot \left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)\right)\right|} > \left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor :\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor } \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{max}\left({dX.u}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} + {dX.v}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {dY.u}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} + {dY.v}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor } \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{max}\left({dX.u}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} + {dX.v}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {dY.u}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} + {dY.v}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right)}\\ \end{array}} \]

5. Applied rewrites 78.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log_{2} \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\mathsf{max}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, dX.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, \left(dX.u \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(dY.v, dY.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot dY.u\right)\right)\right)}{\left|\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, -dY.u, dX.u \cdot dY.v\right)\right)\right|} > \left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor :\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{max}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, dX.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, \left(dX.u \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(dY.v, dY.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot dY.u\right)\right)\right)}}{\left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor }\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left|\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, -dY.u, dX.u \cdot dY.v\right)\right)\right| \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\mathsf{max}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, dX.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, \left(dX.u \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(dY.v, dY.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot dY.u\right)\right)\right)}}\\ \end{array}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

7. Applied rewrites 78.7%

   \[\leadsto \log_{2} \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\mathsf{max}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, dX.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, \left(dX.u \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(dY.v, dY.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot dY.u\right)\right)\right)}{\left|\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, -dY.u, dX.u \cdot dY.v\right)\right)\right|} > \left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor :\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{max}\left(\frac{{\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\right)}^{2} + {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor , dX.u, \left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\right)} \cdot \frac{{\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\right)}^{2} - {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\right)}^{2}}{\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u - \left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v}, \mathsf{fma}\left(dY.v, dY.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot dY.u\right)\right)\right)}}{\left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor }\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left|\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, -dY.u, dX.u \cdot dY.v\right)\right)\right| \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\mathsf{max}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, dX.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, \left(dX.u \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(dY.v, dY.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot dY.u\right)\right)\right)}}\\ \end{array} \]

8. Final simplification 78.7%

   \[\leadsto \log_{2} \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\mathsf{max}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, dX.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, \left(dX.u \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(dY.v, dY.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot dY.u\right)\right)\right)}{\left|\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, -dY.u, dX.u \cdot dY.v\right)\right)\right|} > \left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor :\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{max}\left(\frac{{\left(dX.u \cdot \left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} + {\left(dX.v \cdot \left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor , dX.u, dX.v \cdot \left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)} \cdot \frac{{\left(dX.u \cdot \left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} - {\left(dX.v \cdot \left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}}{dX.u \cdot \left\lfloor w\right\rfloor - dX.v \cdot \left\lfloor h\right\rfloor }, \mathsf{fma}\left(dY.v, dY.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot dY.u\right)\right)\right)}}{\left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor }\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left|\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, -dY.u, dX.u \cdot dY.v\right)\right)\right| \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\mathsf{max}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, dX.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, \left(dX.u \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(dY.v, dY.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot dY.u\right)\right)\right)}}\\ \end{array} \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 75.8% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\\ t_1 := t\_0 \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot dY.u\right)\\ t_2 := {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\\ t_3 := \mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, dX.v \cdot t\_2, \left(dX.u \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot t\_0\right)\\ t_4 := \mathsf{max}\left(t\_3, \mathsf{fma}\left(dY.v, dY.v \cdot t\_2, t\_1\right)\right)\\ t_5 := \left|\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, -dY.u, dX.u \cdot dY.v\right)\right)\right|\\ \log_{2} \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{t\_4}{t\_5} > \left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor :\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{t\_4}}{\left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor }\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_5 \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\mathsf{max}\left(t\_3, t\_1\right)}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (w h dX.u dX.v dY.u dY.v maxAniso)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (pow (floor w) 2.0))
        (t_1 (* t_0 (* dY.u dY.u)))
        (t_2 (pow (floor h) 2.0))
        (t_3 (fma dX.v (* dX.v t_2) (* (* dX.u dX.u) t_0)))
        (t_4 (fmax t_3 (fma dY.v (* dY.v t_2) t_1)))
        (t_5
         (fabs (* (floor h) (* (floor w) (fma dX.v (- dY.u) (* dX.u dY.v)))))))
   (log2
    (if (> (/ t_4 t_5) (floor maxAniso))
      (/ (sqrt t_4) (floor maxAniso))
      (* t_5 (sqrt (/ 1.0 (fmax t_3 t_1))))))))

C

float code(float w, float h, float dX_46_u, float dX_46_v, float dY_46_u, float dY_46_v, float maxAniso) {
	float t_0 = powf(floorf(w), 2.0f);
	float t_1 = t_0 * (dY_46_u * dY_46_u);
	float t_2 = powf(floorf(h), 2.0f);
	float t_3 = fmaf(dX_46_v, (dX_46_v * t_2), ((dX_46_u * dX_46_u) * t_0));
	float t_4 = fmaxf(t_3, fmaf(dY_46_v, (dY_46_v * t_2), t_1));
	float t_5 = fabsf((floorf(h) * (floorf(w) * fmaf(dX_46_v, -dY_46_u, (dX_46_u * dY_46_v)))));
	float tmp;
	if ((t_4 / t_5) > floorf(maxAniso)) {
		tmp = sqrtf(t_4) / floorf(maxAniso);
	} else {
		tmp = t_5 * sqrtf((1.0f / fmaxf(t_3, t_1)));
	}
	return log2f(tmp);
}

Julia

function code(w, h, dX_46_u, dX_46_v, dY_46_u, dY_46_v, maxAniso)
	t_0 = floor(w) ^ Float32(2.0)
	t_1 = Float32(t_0 * Float32(dY_46_u * dY_46_u))
	t_2 = floor(h) ^ Float32(2.0)
	t_3 = fma(dX_46_v, Float32(dX_46_v * t_2), Float32(Float32(dX_46_u * dX_46_u) * t_0))
	t_4 = (t_3 != t_3) ? fma(dY_46_v, Float32(dY_46_v * t_2), t_1) : ((fma(dY_46_v, Float32(dY_46_v * t_2), t_1) != fma(dY_46_v, Float32(dY_46_v * t_2), t_1)) ? t_3 : max(t_3, fma(dY_46_v, Float32(dY_46_v * t_2), t_1)))
	t_5 = abs(Float32(floor(h) * Float32(floor(w) * fma(dX_46_v, Float32(-dY_46_u), Float32(dX_46_u * dY_46_v)))))
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (Float32(t_4 / t_5) > floor(maxAniso))
		tmp = Float32(sqrt(t_4) / floor(maxAniso));
	else
		tmp = Float32(t_5 * sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) / ((t_3 != t_3) ? t_1 : ((t_1 != t_1) ? t_3 : max(t_3, t_1))))));
	end
	return log2(tmp)
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 76.4%

   \[\log_{2} \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\mathsf{max}\left(\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\right) + \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\right), \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\right) + \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\right)\right)}{\left|\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\right) - \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\right)\right|} > \left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor :\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{max}\left(\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\right) + \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\right), \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\right) + \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\right)\right)}}{\left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor }\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left|\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\right) - \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\right)\right|}{\sqrt{\mathsf{max}\left(\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dX.u\right) + \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dX.v\right), \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot dY.u\right) + \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\right) \cdot \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot dY.v\right)\right)}}\\ \end{array} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in w around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log_{2} \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\mathsf{max}\left({dX.u}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} + {dX.v}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {dY.u}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} + {dY.v}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right)}{\left|dX.u \cdot \left(dY.v \cdot \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot \left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)\right) - dX.v \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot \left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot \left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)\right)\right|} > \left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor :\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor } \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{max}\left({dX.u}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} + {dX.v}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {dY.u}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} + {dY.v}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor } \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{max}\left({dX.u}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} + {dX.v}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {dY.u}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} + {dY.v}^{2} \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right)}\\ \end{array}} \]

5. Applied rewrites 76.4%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log_{2} \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\mathsf{max}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, dX.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, \left(dX.u \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(dY.v, dY.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot dY.u\right)\right)\right)}{\left|\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, -dY.u, dX.u \cdot dY.v\right)\right)\right|} > \left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor :\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{max}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, dX.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, \left(dX.u \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(dY.v, dY.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot dY.u\right)\right)\right)}}{\left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor }\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left|\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, -dY.u, dX.u \cdot dY.v\right)\right)\right| \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\mathsf{max}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, dX.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, \left(dX.u \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(dY.v, dY.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot dY.u\right)\right)\right)}}\\ \end{array}} \]

6. Taylor expanded in dY.v around 0

   \[\leadsto \log_{2} \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\mathsf{max}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, dX.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, \left(dX.u \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(dY.v, dY.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot dY.u\right)\right)\right)}{\left|\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, \mathsf{neg}\left(dY.u\right), dX.u \cdot dY.v\right)\right)\right|} > \left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor :\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{max}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, dX.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, \left(dX.u \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(dY.v, dY.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot dY.u\right)\right)\right)}}{\left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor }\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{max}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, dX.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, \left(dX.u \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(dY.v, dY.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot dY.u\right)\right)\right)}}{\left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor }\\ \end{array} \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

8. Applied rewrites 75.8%

   \[\leadsto \log_{2} \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\mathsf{max}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, dX.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, \left(dX.u \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(dY.v, dY.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot dY.u\right)\right)\right)}{\left|\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, -dY.u, dX.u \cdot dY.v\right)\right)\right|} > \left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor :\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{max}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, dX.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, \left(dX.u \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(dY.v, dY.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot dY.u\right)\right)\right)}}{\left\lfloor maxAniso\right\rfloor }\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left|\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \cdot \left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, -dY.u, dX.u \cdot dY.v\right)\right)\right| \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\mathsf{max}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(dX.v, dX.v \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor h\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}, \left(dX.u \cdot dX.u\right) \cdot {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2}\right), {\left(\left\lfloor w\right\rfloor \right)}^{2} \cdot \left(dY.u \cdot dY.u\right)\right)}}\\ \end{array} \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024229 
(FPCore (w h dX.u dX.v dY.u dY.v maxAniso)
  :name "Anisotropic x16 LOD (LOD)"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (and (and (and (and (and (<= 1.0 w) (<= w 16384.0)) (and (<= 1.0 h) (<= h 16384.0))) (and (<= 1e-20 (fabs dX.u)) (<= (fabs dX.u) 1e+20))) (and (<= 1e-20 (fabs dX.v)) (<= (fabs dX.v) 1e+20))) (and (<= 1e-20 (fabs dY.u)) (<= (fabs dY.u) 1e+20))) (and (<= 1e-20 (fabs dY.v)) (<= (fabs dY.v) 1e+20))) (== maxAniso 16.0))
  (log2 (if (> (/ (fmax (+ (* (* (floor w) dX.u) (* (floor w) dX.u)) (* (* (floor h) dX.v) (* (floor h) dX.v))) (+ (* (* (floor w) dY.u) (* (floor w) dY.u)) (* (* (floor h) dY.v) (* (floor h) dY.v)))) (fabs (- (* (* (floor w) dX.u) (* (floor h) dY.v)) (* (* (floor h) dX.v) (* (floor w) dY.u))))) (floor maxAniso)) (/ (sqrt (fmax (+ (* (* (floor w) dX.u) (* (floor w) dX.u)) (* (* (floor h) dX.v) (* (floor h) dX.v))) (+ (* (* (floor w) dY.u) (* (floor w) dY.u)) (* (* (floor h) dY.v) (* (floor h) dY.v))))) (floor maxAniso)) (/ (fabs (- (* (* (floor w) dX.u) (* (floor h) dY.v)) (* (* (floor h) dX.v) (* (floor w) dY.u)))) (sqrt (fmax (+ (* (* (floor w) dX.u) (* (floor w) dX.u)) (* (* (floor h) dX.v) (* (floor h) dX.v))) (+ (* (* (floor w) dY.u) (* (floor w) dY.u)) (* (* (floor h) dY.v) (* (floor h) dY.v)))))))))