Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (12)

Percentage Accurate: 66.4% → 80.1%
Time: 22.2s
Alternatives: 23
Speedup: 3.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (d h l M D)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (* (pow (/ d h) (/ 1.0 2.0)) (pow (/ d l) (/ 1.0 2.0)))
  (- 1.0 (* (* (/ 1.0 2.0) (pow (/ (* M D) (* 2.0 d)) 2.0)) (/ h l)))))
double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	return (pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0)) * (h / l)));
}
real(8) function code(d, h, l, m, d_1)
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    code = (((d / h) ** (1.0d0 / 2.0d0)) * ((d / l) ** (1.0d0 / 2.0d0))) * (1.0d0 - (((1.0d0 / 2.0d0) * (((m * d_1) / (2.0d0 * d)) ** 2.0d0)) * (h / l)))
end function
public static double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	return (Math.pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * Math.pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * Math.pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0)) * (h / l)));
}
def code(d, h, l, M, D):
	return (math.pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * math.pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * math.pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0)) * (h / l)))
function code(d, h, l, M, D)
	return Float64(Float64((Float64(d / h) ^ Float64(1.0 / 2.0)) * (Float64(d / l) ^ Float64(1.0 / 2.0))) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / 2.0) * (Float64(Float64(M * D) / Float64(2.0 * d)) ^ 2.0)) * Float64(h / l))))
end
function tmp = code(d, h, l, M, D)
	tmp = (((d / h) ^ (1.0 / 2.0)) * ((d / l) ^ (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * (((M * D) / (2.0 * d)) ^ 2.0)) * (h / l)));
end
code[d_, h_, l_, M_, D_] := N[(N[(N[Power[N[(d / h), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(d / l), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(N[(N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(M * D), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 23 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 66.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (d h l M D)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (* (pow (/ d h) (/ 1.0 2.0)) (pow (/ d l) (/ 1.0 2.0)))
  (- 1.0 (* (* (/ 1.0 2.0) (pow (/ (* M D) (* 2.0 d)) 2.0)) (/ h l)))))
double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	return (pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0)) * (h / l)));
}
real(8) function code(d, h, l, m, d_1)
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    code = (((d / h) ** (1.0d0 / 2.0d0)) * ((d / l) ** (1.0d0 / 2.0d0))) * (1.0d0 - (((1.0d0 / 2.0d0) * (((m * d_1) / (2.0d0 * d)) ** 2.0d0)) * (h / l)))
end function
public static double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	return (Math.pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * Math.pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * Math.pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0)) * (h / l)));
}
def code(d, h, l, M, D):
	return (math.pow((d / h), (1.0 / 2.0)) * math.pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * math.pow(((M * D) / (2.0 * d)), 2.0)) * (h / l)))
function code(d, h, l, M, D)
	return Float64(Float64((Float64(d / h) ^ Float64(1.0 / 2.0)) * (Float64(d / l) ^ Float64(1.0 / 2.0))) * Float64(1.0 - Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / 2.0) * (Float64(Float64(M * D) / Float64(2.0 * d)) ^ 2.0)) * Float64(h / l))))
end
function tmp = code(d, h, l, M, D)
	tmp = (((d / h) ^ (1.0 / 2.0)) * ((d / l) ^ (1.0 / 2.0))) * (1.0 - (((1.0 / 2.0) * (((M * D) / (2.0 * d)) ^ 2.0)) * (h / l)));
end
code[d_, h_, l_, M_, D_] := N[(N[(N[Power[N[(d / h), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(d / l), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(N[(N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(M * D), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * d), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(h / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right)
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 80.1% accurate, 1.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\\ t_1 := 1 + \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot 0.5}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{-1}{h}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\ell \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\sqrt{-d}}{\sqrt{-h}} \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1 \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (d h l M D)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (pow (/ d l) (/ 1.0 2.0)))
        (t_1
         (+
          1.0
          (*
           (/ (/ (* M D) (* d 2.0)) l)
           (/ (/ (* (* M D) 0.5) (* d 2.0)) (/ -1.0 h))))))
   (if (<= l -5e-310)
     (* (* (/ (sqrt (- d)) (sqrt (- h))) t_0) t_1)
     (* t_1 (* t_0 (/ (sqrt d) (sqrt h)))))))
double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	double t_0 = pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0));
	double t_1 = 1.0 + ((((M * D) / (d * 2.0)) / l) * ((((M * D) * 0.5) / (d * 2.0)) / (-1.0 / h)));
	double tmp;
	if (l <= -5e-310) {
		tmp = ((sqrt(-d) / sqrt(-h)) * t_0) * t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = t_1 * (t_0 * (sqrt(d) / sqrt(h)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(d, h, l, m, d_1)
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = (d / l) ** (1.0d0 / 2.0d0)
    t_1 = 1.0d0 + ((((m * d_1) / (d * 2.0d0)) / l) * ((((m * d_1) * 0.5d0) / (d * 2.0d0)) / ((-1.0d0) / h)))
    if (l <= (-5d-310)) then
        tmp = ((sqrt(-d) / sqrt(-h)) * t_0) * t_1
    else
        tmp = t_1 * (t_0 * (sqrt(d) / sqrt(h)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	double t_0 = Math.pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0));
	double t_1 = 1.0 + ((((M * D) / (d * 2.0)) / l) * ((((M * D) * 0.5) / (d * 2.0)) / (-1.0 / h)));
	double tmp;
	if (l <= -5e-310) {
		tmp = ((Math.sqrt(-d) / Math.sqrt(-h)) * t_0) * t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = t_1 * (t_0 * (Math.sqrt(d) / Math.sqrt(h)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(d, h, l, M, D):
	t_0 = math.pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0))
	t_1 = 1.0 + ((((M * D) / (d * 2.0)) / l) * ((((M * D) * 0.5) / (d * 2.0)) / (-1.0 / h)))
	tmp = 0
	if l <= -5e-310:
		tmp = ((math.sqrt(-d) / math.sqrt(-h)) * t_0) * t_1
	else:
		tmp = t_1 * (t_0 * (math.sqrt(d) / math.sqrt(h)))
	return tmp
function code(d, h, l, M, D)
	t_0 = Float64(d / l) ^ Float64(1.0 / 2.0)
	t_1 = Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(M * D) / Float64(d * 2.0)) / l) * Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(M * D) * 0.5) / Float64(d * 2.0)) / Float64(-1.0 / h))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (l <= -5e-310)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(-d)) / sqrt(Float64(-h))) * t_0) * t_1);
	else
		tmp = Float64(t_1 * Float64(t_0 * Float64(sqrt(d) / sqrt(h))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(d, h, l, M, D)
	t_0 = (d / l) ^ (1.0 / 2.0);
	t_1 = 1.0 + ((((M * D) / (d * 2.0)) / l) * ((((M * D) * 0.5) / (d * 2.0)) / (-1.0 / h)));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (l <= -5e-310)
		tmp = ((sqrt(-d) / sqrt(-h)) * t_0) * t_1;
	else
		tmp = t_1 * (t_0 * (sqrt(d) / sqrt(h)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[d_, h_, l_, M_, D_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Power[N[(d / l), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(1.0 + N[(N[(N[(N[(M * D), $MachinePrecision] / N[(d * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / l), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(N[(M * D), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / N[(d * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(-1.0 / h), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[l, -5e-310], N[(N[(N[(N[Sqrt[(-d)], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[(-h)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], N[(t$95$1 * N[(t$95$0 * N[(N[Sqrt[d], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[h], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\\
t_1 := 1 + \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot 0.5}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{-1}{h}}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\ell \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\sqrt{-d}}{\sqrt{-h}} \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_1\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_1 \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if l < -4.999999999999985e-310

    1. Initial program 63.7%

      \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
      3. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
      4. un-div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
      5. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      7. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      8. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      9. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      10. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      11. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      12. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      13. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      14. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot d}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      15. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot 2}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      16. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot 2}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      17. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    4. Applied rewrites70.2%

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval70.2

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\color{blue}{0.5}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      3. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      4. unpow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      5. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{d}{h}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      6. frac-2negN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(d\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(h\right)}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      7. sqrt-divN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(d\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(h\right)}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      8. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(d\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(h\right)}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      9. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(d\right)}}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(h\right)}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      10. lower-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(d\right)}}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(h\right)}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      11. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(d\right)}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(h\right)}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      12. lower-neg.f6481.5

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\sqrt{-d}}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{-h}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    6. Applied rewrites81.5%

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{-d}}{\sqrt{-h}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]

    if -4.999999999999985e-310 < l

    1. Initial program 68.0%

      \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
      3. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
      4. un-div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
      5. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      7. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      8. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      9. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      10. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      11. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      12. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      13. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      14. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot d}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      15. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot 2}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      16. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot 2}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      17. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    4. Applied rewrites72.2%

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval72.2

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\color{blue}{0.5}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      3. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      4. unpow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      5. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{d}{h}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      6. sqrt-divN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      7. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{d}}}{\sqrt{h}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      8. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      9. lower-sqrt.f6483.6

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{h}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    6. Applied rewrites83.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification82.5%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\ell \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\sqrt{-d}}{\sqrt{-h}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot 0.5}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{-1}{h}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(1 + \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot 0.5}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{-1}{h}}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 79.0% accurate, 1.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 1 + \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot 0.5}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{-1}{h}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;\ell \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0 \cdot \left(\left(-d\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\ell \cdot h}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0 \cdot \left({\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (d h l M D)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0
         (+
          1.0
          (*
           (/ (/ (* M D) (* d 2.0)) l)
           (/ (/ (* (* M D) 0.5) (* d 2.0)) (/ -1.0 h))))))
   (if (<= l -5e-310)
     (* t_0 (* (- d) (sqrt (/ 1.0 (* l h)))))
     (* t_0 (* (pow (/ d l) (/ 1.0 2.0)) (/ (sqrt d) (sqrt h)))))))
double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	double t_0 = 1.0 + ((((M * D) / (d * 2.0)) / l) * ((((M * D) * 0.5) / (d * 2.0)) / (-1.0 / h)));
	double tmp;
	if (l <= -5e-310) {
		tmp = t_0 * (-d * sqrt((1.0 / (l * h))));
	} else {
		tmp = t_0 * (pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0)) * (sqrt(d) / sqrt(h)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(d, h, l, m, d_1)
    real(8), intent (in) :: d
    real(8), intent (in) :: h
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: m
    real(8), intent (in) :: d_1
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = 1.0d0 + ((((m * d_1) / (d * 2.0d0)) / l) * ((((m * d_1) * 0.5d0) / (d * 2.0d0)) / ((-1.0d0) / h)))
    if (l <= (-5d-310)) then
        tmp = t_0 * (-d * sqrt((1.0d0 / (l * h))))
    else
        tmp = t_0 * (((d / l) ** (1.0d0 / 2.0d0)) * (sqrt(d) / sqrt(h)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double d, double h, double l, double M, double D) {
	double t_0 = 1.0 + ((((M * D) / (d * 2.0)) / l) * ((((M * D) * 0.5) / (d * 2.0)) / (-1.0 / h)));
	double tmp;
	if (l <= -5e-310) {
		tmp = t_0 * (-d * Math.sqrt((1.0 / (l * h))));
	} else {
		tmp = t_0 * (Math.pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0)) * (Math.sqrt(d) / Math.sqrt(h)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(d, h, l, M, D):
	t_0 = 1.0 + ((((M * D) / (d * 2.0)) / l) * ((((M * D) * 0.5) / (d * 2.0)) / (-1.0 / h)))
	tmp = 0
	if l <= -5e-310:
		tmp = t_0 * (-d * math.sqrt((1.0 / (l * h))))
	else:
		tmp = t_0 * (math.pow((d / l), (1.0 / 2.0)) * (math.sqrt(d) / math.sqrt(h)))
	return tmp
function code(d, h, l, M, D)
	t_0 = Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(M * D) / Float64(d * 2.0)) / l) * Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(M * D) * 0.5) / Float64(d * 2.0)) / Float64(-1.0 / h))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (l <= -5e-310)
		tmp = Float64(t_0 * Float64(Float64(-d) * sqrt(Float64(1.0 / Float64(l * h)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(t_0 * Float64((Float64(d / l) ^ Float64(1.0 / 2.0)) * Float64(sqrt(d) / sqrt(h))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(d, h, l, M, D)
	t_0 = 1.0 + ((((M * D) / (d * 2.0)) / l) * ((((M * D) * 0.5) / (d * 2.0)) / (-1.0 / h)));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (l <= -5e-310)
		tmp = t_0 * (-d * sqrt((1.0 / (l * h))));
	else
		tmp = t_0 * (((d / l) ^ (1.0 / 2.0)) * (sqrt(d) / sqrt(h)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[d_, h_, l_, M_, D_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(1.0 + N[(N[(N[(N[(M * D), $MachinePrecision] / N[(d * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / l), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(N[(M * D), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / N[(d * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(-1.0 / h), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[l, -5e-310], N[(t$95$0 * N[((-d) * N[Sqrt[N[(1.0 / N[(l * h), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(t$95$0 * N[(N[Power[N[(d / l), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[d], $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[h], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 1 + \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot 0.5}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{-1}{h}}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\ell \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_0 \cdot \left(\left(-d\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\ell \cdot h}}\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_0 \cdot \left({\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if l < -4.999999999999985e-310

    1. Initial program 66.4%

      \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
      3. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
      4. un-div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
      5. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      7. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      8. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      9. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      10. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      11. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      12. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      13. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      14. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot d}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      15. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot 2}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      16. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot 2}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      17. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    4. Applied rewrites71.0%

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval71.0

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\color{blue}{0.5}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      3. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      4. unpow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      5. lower-sqrt.f6471.0

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    6. Applied rewrites71.0%

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{\ell}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    7. Taylor expanded in h around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(d \cdot {\left(\sqrt{-1}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}\right)} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}} \cdot \left(d \cdot {\left(\sqrt{-1}\right)}^{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\sqrt{-1}\right)}^{2} \cdot d\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      3. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{-1} \cdot \sqrt{-1}\right)} \cdot d\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      4. rem-square-sqrtN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{-1} \cdot d\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      5. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot d\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot d\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      7. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}}} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot d\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      8. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{h \cdot \ell}}} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot d\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      9. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(d\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      10. lower-neg.f6478.0

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-d\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    9. Applied rewrites78.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{h \cdot \ell}} \cdot \left(-d\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]

    if -4.999999999999985e-310 < l

    1. Initial program 66.3%

      \[\left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{h}{\ell}}\right) \]
      3. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
      4. un-div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}}\right) \]
      5. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      7. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)}^{2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      8. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      9. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\frac{\ell}{h}}\right) \]
      10. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \left(\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      11. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      12. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
      13. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      14. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot d}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      15. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot 2}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      16. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{\color{blue}{d \cdot 2}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      17. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{M \cdot D}{2 \cdot d}}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    4. Applied rewrites71.0%

      \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}}\right) \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      2. metadata-eval71.0

        \[\leadsto \left({\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\color{blue}{0.5}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      3. lift-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{d}{h}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      4. unpow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{d}{h}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      5. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{d}{h}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      6. sqrt-divN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      7. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{d}}}{\sqrt{h}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      8. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
      9. lower-sqrt.f6480.1

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{h}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
    6. Applied rewrites80.1%

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}} \cdot {\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{0.5 \cdot \left(M \cdot D\right)}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{1}{h}}\right) \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification79.0%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\ell \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(1 + \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot 0.5}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{-1}{h}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(-d\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{\ell \cdot h}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(1 + \frac{\frac{M \cdot D}{d \cdot 2}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(M \cdot D\right) \cdot 0.5}{d \cdot 2}}{\frac{-1}{h}}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\frac{d}{\ell}\right)}^{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{h}}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024228 
(FPCore (d h l M D)
  :name "Henrywood and Agarwal, Equation (12)"
  :precision binary64
  (* (* (pow (/ d h) (/ 1.0 2.0)) (pow (/ d l) (/ 1.0 2.0))) (- 1.0 (* (* (/ 1.0 2.0) (pow (/ (* M D) (* 2.0 d)) 2.0)) (/ h l)))))