
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b - sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b - sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0d0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b - Math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b - math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) - sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(4.0 * Float64(a * c))))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b - sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) - N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 8 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b - sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b - sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0d0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b - Math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b - math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) - sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(4.0 * Float64(a * c))))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b - sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) - N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) - \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(if (<= b -5.2)
(/ c (- b))
(if (<= b 6.2e+98)
(/ (+ b (sqrt (fma b b (* c (* a -4.0))))) (* a -2.0))
(fma b (* c (/ 1.0 (* b b))) (- (/ b a))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (b <= -5.2) {
tmp = c / -b;
} else if (b <= 6.2e+98) {
tmp = (b + sqrt(fma(b, b, (c * (a * -4.0))))) / (a * -2.0);
} else {
tmp = fma(b, (c * (1.0 / (b * b))), -(b / a));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= -5.2) tmp = Float64(c / Float64(-b)); elseif (b <= 6.2e+98) tmp = Float64(Float64(b + sqrt(fma(b, b, Float64(c * Float64(a * -4.0))))) / Float64(a * -2.0)); else tmp = fma(b, Float64(c * Float64(1.0 / Float64(b * b))), Float64(-Float64(b / a))); end return tmp end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -5.2], N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 6.2e+98], N[(N[(b + N[Sqrt[N[(b * b + N[(c * N[(a * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(b * N[(c * N[(1.0 / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + (-N[(b / a), $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -5.2:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{+98}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)\right)}}{a \cdot -2}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(b, c \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b}, -\frac{b}{a}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if b < -5.20000000000000018Initial program 11.1%
Taylor expanded in b around -inf
mul-1-negN/A
distribute-neg-frac2N/A
mul-1-negN/A
lower-/.f64N/A
mul-1-negN/A
lower-neg.f6492.2
Applied rewrites92.2%
if -5.20000000000000018 < b < 6.20000000000000038e98Initial program 74.2%
Applied rewrites74.2%
if 6.20000000000000038e98 < b Initial program 60.9%
Taylor expanded in b around inf
sub-negN/A
distribute-lft-inN/A
distribute-neg-fracN/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-/l*N/A
*-commutativeN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-fma.f64N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
unpow2N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
mul-1-negN/A
lower-neg.f64N/A
lower-/.f6496.0
Applied rewrites96.0%
Applied rewrites96.0%
Final simplification85.5%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(if (<= b -5.2)
(/ c (- b))
(if (<= b 6.2e+98)
(* (+ b (sqrt (fma b b (* c (* a -4.0))))) (/ -0.5 a))
(fma b (* c (/ 1.0 (* b b))) (- (/ b a))))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double tmp;
if (b <= -5.2) {
tmp = c / -b;
} else if (b <= 6.2e+98) {
tmp = (b + sqrt(fma(b, b, (c * (a * -4.0))))) * (-0.5 / a);
} else {
tmp = fma(b, (c * (1.0 / (b * b))), -(b / a));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= -5.2) tmp = Float64(c / Float64(-b)); elseif (b <= 6.2e+98) tmp = Float64(Float64(b + sqrt(fma(b, b, Float64(c * Float64(a * -4.0))))) * Float64(-0.5 / a)); else tmp = fma(b, Float64(c * Float64(1.0 / Float64(b * b))), Float64(-Float64(b / a))); end return tmp end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -5.2], N[(c / (-b)), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 6.2e+98], N[(N[(b + N[Sqrt[N[(b * b + N[(c * N[(a * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-0.5 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(b * N[(c * N[(1.0 / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + (-N[(b / a), $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -5.2:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{-b}\\
\mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{+98}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(b + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(b, b, c \cdot \left(a \cdot -4\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{-0.5}{a}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(b, c \cdot \frac{1}{b \cdot b}, -\frac{b}{a}\right)\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if b < -5.20000000000000018Initial program 14.4%
Taylor expanded in b around -inf
mul-1-negN/A
distribute-neg-frac2N/A
mul-1-negN/A
lower-/.f64N/A
mul-1-negN/A
lower-neg.f6491.7
Applied rewrites91.7%
if -5.20000000000000018 < b < 6.20000000000000038e98Initial program 75.3%
Applied rewrites75.1%
if 6.20000000000000038e98 < b Initial program 53.6%
Taylor expanded in b around inf
sub-negN/A
distribute-lft-inN/A
distribute-neg-fracN/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-/l*N/A
*-commutativeN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-fma.f64N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
unpow2N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
mul-1-negN/A
lower-neg.f64N/A
lower-/.f6496.0
Applied rewrites96.0%
Applied rewrites96.0%
Final simplification84.7%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))))
(if (< b 0.0)
(/ c (* a (/ (+ (- b) t_0) (* 2.0 a))))
(/ (- (- b) t_0) (* 2.0 a)))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))));
double tmp;
if (b < 0.0) {
tmp = c / (a * ((-b + t_0) / (2.0 * a)));
} else {
tmp = (-b - t_0) / (2.0 * a);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: tmp
t_0 = sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0d0 * (a * c))))
if (b < 0.0d0) then
tmp = c / (a * ((-b + t_0) / (2.0d0 * a)))
else
tmp = (-b - t_0) / (2.0d0 * a)
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = Math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))));
double tmp;
if (b < 0.0) {
tmp = c / (a * ((-b + t_0) / (2.0 * a)));
} else {
tmp = (-b - t_0) / (2.0 * a);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c): t_0 = math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c)))) tmp = 0 if b < 0.0: tmp = c / (a * ((-b + t_0) / (2.0 * a))) else: tmp = (-b - t_0) / (2.0 * a) return tmp
function code(a, b, c) t_0 = sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(4.0 * Float64(a * c)))) tmp = 0.0 if (b < 0.0) tmp = Float64(c / Float64(a * Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + t_0) / Float64(2.0 * a)))); else tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) - t_0) / Float64(2.0 * a)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c) t_0 = sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c)))); tmp = 0.0; if (b < 0.0) tmp = c / (a * ((-b + t_0) / (2.0 * a))); else tmp = (-b - t_0) / (2.0 * a); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[b, 0.0], N[(c / N[(a * N[(N[((-b) + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[((-b) - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;b < 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{a \cdot \frac{\left(-b\right) + t\_0}{2 \cdot a}}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-b\right) - t\_0}{2 \cdot a}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024228
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "The quadratic formula (r2)"
:precision binary64
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (let ((d (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4 (* a c)))))) (let ((r1 (/ (+ (- b) d) (* 2 a)))) (let ((r2 (/ (- (- b) d) (* 2 a)))) (if (< b 0) (/ c (* a r1)) r2)))))
(/ (- (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))