math.sqrt on complex, imaginary part, im greater than 0 branch

Percentage Accurate: 41.1% → 90.2%
Time: 8.1s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 2.2×

Specification

?
\[im > 0\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (- (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re)))))
double code(double re, double im) {
	return 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)));
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    code = 0.5d0 * sqrt((2.0d0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)))
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
	return 0.5 * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (Math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)));
}
def code(re, im):
	return 0.5 * math.sqrt((2.0 * (math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)))
function code(re, im)
	return Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(re * re) + Float64(im * im))) - re))))
end
function tmp = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)));
end
code[re_, im_] := N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 41.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (- (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re)))))
double code(double re, double im) {
	return 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)));
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    code = 0.5d0 * sqrt((2.0d0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)))
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
	return 0.5 * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (Math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)));
}
def code(re, im):
	return 0.5 * math.sqrt((2.0 * (math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)))
function code(re, im)
	return Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(re * re) + Float64(im * im))) - re))))
end
function tmp = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)));
end
code[re_, im_] := N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 90.2% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{im}{\sqrt{re}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(re, im\right) - re\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (sqrt (* 2.0 (- (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re))) 0.0)
   (* 0.5 (/ im (sqrt re)))
   (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (- (hypot re im) re))))))
double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re))) <= 0.0) {
		tmp = 0.5 * (im / sqrt(re));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (hypot(re, im) - re)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (Math.sqrt((2.0 * (Math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re))) <= 0.0) {
		tmp = 0.5 * (im / Math.sqrt(re));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (Math.hypot(re, im) - re)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(re, im):
	tmp = 0
	if math.sqrt((2.0 * (math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re))) <= 0.0:
		tmp = 0.5 * (im / math.sqrt(re))
	else:
		tmp = 0.5 * math.sqrt((2.0 * (math.hypot(re, im) - re)))
	return tmp
function code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(re * re) + Float64(im * im))) - re))) <= 0.0)
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(im / sqrt(re)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(hypot(re, im) - re))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re))) <= 0.0)
		tmp = 0.5 * (im / sqrt(re));
	else
		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (hypot(re, im) - re)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 0.0], N[(0.5 * N[(im / N[Sqrt[re], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[re ^ 2 + im ^ 2], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \leq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{im}{\sqrt{re}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(re, im\right) - re\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (sqrt.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re))) < 0.0

    1. Initial program 11.2%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in re around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
      2. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(im \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(im \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      4. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{im \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto im \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
      6. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{im \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
      7. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto im \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
      8. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto im \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
      9. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto im \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto im \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)} \]
      11. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto im \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right)} \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \]
      12. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto im \cdot \left(\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \]
      13. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto im \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{re}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \]
      14. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto im \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \]
      15. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto im \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \]
      16. lower-sqrt.f6498.7

        \[\leadsto im \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot 0.5\right)\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites98.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{im \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{im}{\sqrt{re}} \cdot \color{blue}{0.5} \]

      if 0.0 < (sqrt.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re)))

      1. Initial program 48.5%

        \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
        2. lift-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
        3. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re} + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
        4. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + \color{blue}{im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \]
        5. lower-hypot.f6489.1

          \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(re, im\right)} - re\right)} \]
      4. Applied rewrites89.1%

        \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(re, im\right)} - re\right)} \]
    7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    8. Final simplification90.4%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{im}{\sqrt{re}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(re, im\right) - re\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
    9. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 2: 79.0% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -8 \cdot 10^{+152}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{re \cdot -4}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq -6.8 \cdot 10^{-133}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)} - re\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 9500000:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, -2 + \frac{re}{im}, 2 \cdot im\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{im}{\sqrt{re}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (re im)
     :precision binary64
     (if (<= re -8e+152)
       (* 0.5 (sqrt (* re -4.0)))
       (if (<= re -6.8e-133)
         (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (- (sqrt (fma re re (* im im))) re))))
         (if (<= re 9500000.0)
           (* 0.5 (sqrt (fma re (+ -2.0 (/ re im)) (* 2.0 im))))
           (* 0.5 (/ im (sqrt re)))))))
    double code(double re, double im) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (re <= -8e+152) {
    		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((re * -4.0));
    	} else if (re <= -6.8e-133) {
    		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(fma(re, re, (im * im))) - re)));
    	} else if (re <= 9500000.0) {
    		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt(fma(re, (-2.0 + (re / im)), (2.0 * im)));
    	} else {
    		tmp = 0.5 * (im / sqrt(re));
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    function code(re, im)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (re <= -8e+152)
    		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(re * -4.0)));
    	elseif (re <= -6.8e-133)
    		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(fma(re, re, Float64(im * im))) - re))));
    	elseif (re <= 9500000.0)
    		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(fma(re, Float64(-2.0 + Float64(re / im)), Float64(2.0 * im))));
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(im / sqrt(re)));
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[re, -8e+152], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(re * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[re, -6.8e-133], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(re * re + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[re, 9500000.0], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(re * N[(-2.0 + N[(re / im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(2.0 * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[(im / N[Sqrt[re], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -8 \cdot 10^{+152}:\\
    \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{re \cdot -4}\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq -6.8 \cdot 10^{-133}:\\
    \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)} - re\right)}\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 9500000:\\
    \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, -2 + \frac{re}{im}, 2 \cdot im\right)}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{im}{\sqrt{re}}\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 4 regimes
    2. if re < -8.0000000000000004e152

      1. Initial program 4.7%

        \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in re around -inf

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot -4}} \]
        2. lower-*.f6487.2

          \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot -4}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites87.2%

        \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot -4}} \]

      if -8.0000000000000004e152 < re < -6.80000000000000012e-133

      1. Initial program 75.8%

        \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]
        2. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
        3. lower-*.f6475.8

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]
        4. lift-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
        5. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re} + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
        6. lower-fma.f6475.8

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)}} - re\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]
      4. Applied rewrites75.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)} - re\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      if -6.80000000000000012e-133 < re < 9.5e6

      1. Initial program 49.9%

        \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right) + 2 \cdot im}} \]
        2. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, \frac{re}{im} - 2, 2 \cdot im\right)}} \]
        3. sub-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, \color{blue}{\frac{re}{im} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right)}, 2 \cdot im\right)} \]
        4. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, \frac{re}{im} + \color{blue}{-2}, 2 \cdot im\right)} \]
        5. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, \color{blue}{-2 + \frac{re}{im}}, 2 \cdot im\right)} \]
        6. lower-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, \color{blue}{-2 + \frac{re}{im}}, 2 \cdot im\right)} \]
        7. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, -2 + \color{blue}{\frac{re}{im}}, 2 \cdot im\right)} \]
        8. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, -2 + \frac{re}{im}, \color{blue}{im \cdot 2}\right)} \]
        9. lower-*.f6480.5

          \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, -2 + \frac{re}{im}, \color{blue}{im \cdot 2}\right)} \]
      5. Applied rewrites80.5%

        \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, -2 + \frac{re}{im}, im \cdot 2\right)}} \]

      if 9.5e6 < re

      1. Initial program 11.6%

        \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in re around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}\right)} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
        2. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(im \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
        3. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(im \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
        4. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{im \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
        5. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto im \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
        6. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{im \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
        7. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto im \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
        8. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto im \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
        9. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto im \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)} \]
        10. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto im \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)} \]
        11. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto im \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right)} \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \]
        12. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto im \cdot \left(\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \]
        13. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto im \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{re}}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \]
        14. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto im \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \]
        15. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto im \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \]
        16. lower-sqrt.f6474.9

          \[\leadsto im \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot 0.5\right)\right) \]
      5. Applied rewrites74.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{im \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \cdot \sqrt{0.5}\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot 0.5\right)\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites75.5%

          \[\leadsto \frac{im}{\sqrt{re}} \cdot \color{blue}{0.5} \]
      7. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.
      8. Final simplification79.0%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -8 \cdot 10^{+152}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{re \cdot -4}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq -6.8 \cdot 10^{-133}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)} - re\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 9500000:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, -2 + \frac{re}{im}, 2 \cdot im\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \frac{im}{\sqrt{re}}\\ \end{array} \]
      9. Add Preprocessing

      Reproduce

      ?
      herbie shell --seed 2024227 
      (FPCore (re im)
        :name "math.sqrt on complex, imaginary part, im greater than 0 branch"
        :precision binary64
        :pre (> im 0.0)
        (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (- (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re)))))