
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return sin((x + eps)) - sin(x);
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = sin((x + eps)) - sin(x)
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return Math.sin((x + eps)) - Math.sin(x);
}
def code(x, eps): return math.sin((x + eps)) - math.sin(x)
function code(x, eps) return Float64(sin(Float64(x + eps)) - sin(x)) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = sin((x + eps)) - sin(x); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Sin[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 16 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return sin((x + eps)) - sin(x);
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = sin((x + eps)) - sin(x)
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return Math.sin((x + eps)) - Math.sin(x);
}
def code(x, eps): return math.sin((x + eps)) - math.sin(x)
function code(x, eps) return Float64(sin(Float64(x + eps)) - sin(x)) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = sin((x + eps)) - sin(x); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[Sin[N[(x + eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sin \left(x + \varepsilon\right) - \sin x
\end{array}
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (let* ((t_0 (sin (* eps 0.5))) (t_1 (* 0.5 (* x 2.0)))) (* 2.0 (* t_0 (- (* (cos t_1) (cos (* eps 0.5))) (* t_0 (sin t_1)))))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
double t_0 = sin((eps * 0.5));
double t_1 = 0.5 * (x * 2.0);
return 2.0 * (t_0 * ((cos(t_1) * cos((eps * 0.5))) - (t_0 * sin(t_1))));
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
real(8) :: t_0
real(8) :: t_1
t_0 = sin((eps * 0.5d0))
t_1 = 0.5d0 * (x * 2.0d0)
code = 2.0d0 * (t_0 * ((cos(t_1) * cos((eps * 0.5d0))) - (t_0 * sin(t_1))))
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
double t_0 = Math.sin((eps * 0.5));
double t_1 = 0.5 * (x * 2.0);
return 2.0 * (t_0 * ((Math.cos(t_1) * Math.cos((eps * 0.5))) - (t_0 * Math.sin(t_1))));
}
def code(x, eps): t_0 = math.sin((eps * 0.5)) t_1 = 0.5 * (x * 2.0) return 2.0 * (t_0 * ((math.cos(t_1) * math.cos((eps * 0.5))) - (t_0 * math.sin(t_1))))
function code(x, eps) t_0 = sin(Float64(eps * 0.5)) t_1 = Float64(0.5 * Float64(x * 2.0)) return Float64(2.0 * Float64(t_0 * Float64(Float64(cos(t_1) * cos(Float64(eps * 0.5))) - Float64(t_0 * sin(t_1))))) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) t_0 = sin((eps * 0.5)); t_1 = 0.5 * (x * 2.0); tmp = 2.0 * (t_0 * ((cos(t_1) * cos((eps * 0.5))) - (t_0 * sin(t_1)))); end
code[x_, eps_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sin[N[(eps * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(0.5 * N[(x * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(2.0 * N[(t$95$0 * N[(N[(N[Cos[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(eps * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(t$95$0 * N[Sin[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right)\\
t_1 := 0.5 \cdot \left(x \cdot 2\right)\\
2 \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot \left(\cos t\_1 \cdot \cos \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) - t\_0 \cdot \sin t\_1\right)\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 59.9%
lift--.f64N/A
lift-sin.f64N/A
lift-sin.f64N/A
diff-sinN/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
Applied rewrites99.8%
lift-cos.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-fma.f64N/A
distribute-rgt-inN/A
+-rgt-identityN/A
lift-+.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
cos-sumN/A
lower--.f64N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-cos.f64N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-cos.f64N/A
lift-+.f64N/A
+-rgt-identityN/A
lift-sin.f64N/A
Applied rewrites100.0%
Final simplification100.0%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (* 2.0 (* (sin (* eps 0.5)) (cos (* 0.5 (fma x 2.0 eps))))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return 2.0 * (sin((eps * 0.5)) * cos((0.5 * fma(x, 2.0, eps))));
}
function code(x, eps) return Float64(2.0 * Float64(sin(Float64(eps * 0.5)) * cos(Float64(0.5 * fma(x, 2.0, eps))))) end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sin[N[(eps * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(0.5 * N[(x * 2.0 + eps), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
2 \cdot \left(\sin \left(\varepsilon \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot \cos \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(x, 2, \varepsilon\right)\right)\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 62.2%
lift--.f64N/A
lift-sin.f64N/A
lift-sin.f64N/A
diff-sinN/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
Applied rewrites99.9%
Final simplification99.9%
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (* (* 2.0 (cos (+ x (/ eps 2.0)))) (sin (/ eps 2.0))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return (2.0 * cos((x + (eps / 2.0)))) * sin((eps / 2.0));
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = (2.0d0 * cos((x + (eps / 2.0d0)))) * sin((eps / 2.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return (2.0 * Math.cos((x + (eps / 2.0)))) * Math.sin((eps / 2.0));
}
def code(x, eps): return (2.0 * math.cos((x + (eps / 2.0)))) * math.sin((eps / 2.0))
function code(x, eps) return Float64(Float64(2.0 * cos(Float64(x + Float64(eps / 2.0)))) * sin(Float64(eps / 2.0))) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = (2.0 * cos((x + (eps / 2.0)))) * sin((eps / 2.0)); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[(2.0 * N[Cos[N[(x + N[(eps / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(eps / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(2 \cdot \cos \left(x + \frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{\varepsilon}{2}\right)
\end{array}
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (+ (* (sin x) (- (cos eps) 1.0)) (* (cos x) (sin eps))))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return (sin(x) * (cos(eps) - 1.0)) + (cos(x) * sin(eps));
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = (sin(x) * (cos(eps) - 1.0d0)) + (cos(x) * sin(eps))
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return (Math.sin(x) * (Math.cos(eps) - 1.0)) + (Math.cos(x) * Math.sin(eps));
}
def code(x, eps): return (math.sin(x) * (math.cos(eps) - 1.0)) + (math.cos(x) * math.sin(eps))
function code(x, eps) return Float64(Float64(sin(x) * Float64(cos(eps) - 1.0)) + Float64(cos(x) * sin(eps))) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = (sin(x) * (cos(eps) - 1.0)) + (cos(x) * sin(eps)); end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[(N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[eps], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[eps], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\sin x \cdot \left(\cos \varepsilon - 1\right) + \cos x \cdot \sin \varepsilon
\end{array}
(FPCore (x eps) :precision binary64 (* (* (cos (* 0.5 (- eps (* -2.0 x)))) (sin (* 0.5 eps))) 2.0))
double code(double x, double eps) {
return (cos((0.5 * (eps - (-2.0 * x)))) * sin((0.5 * eps))) * 2.0;
}
real(8) function code(x, eps)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8), intent (in) :: eps
code = (cos((0.5d0 * (eps - ((-2.0d0) * x)))) * sin((0.5d0 * eps))) * 2.0d0
end function
public static double code(double x, double eps) {
return (Math.cos((0.5 * (eps - (-2.0 * x)))) * Math.sin((0.5 * eps))) * 2.0;
}
def code(x, eps): return (math.cos((0.5 * (eps - (-2.0 * x)))) * math.sin((0.5 * eps))) * 2.0
function code(x, eps) return Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(0.5 * Float64(eps - Float64(-2.0 * x)))) * sin(Float64(0.5 * eps))) * 2.0) end
function tmp = code(x, eps) tmp = (cos((0.5 * (eps - (-2.0 * x)))) * sin((0.5 * eps))) * 2.0; end
code[x_, eps_] := N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(0.5 * N[(eps - N[(-2.0 * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[(0.5 * eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\cos \left(0.5 \cdot \left(\varepsilon - -2 \cdot x\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(0.5 \cdot \varepsilon\right)\right) \cdot 2
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024227
(FPCore (x eps)
:name "2sin (example 3.3)"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (<= -10000.0 x) (<= x 10000.0)) (< (* 1e-16 (fabs x)) eps)) (< eps (fabs x)))
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (* 2 (cos (+ x (/ eps 2))) (sin (/ eps 2))))
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (+ (* (sin x) (- (cos eps) 1)) (* (cos x) (sin eps))))
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (* (cos (* 1/2 (- eps (* -2 x)))) (sin (* 1/2 eps)) 2))
(- (sin (+ x eps)) (sin x)))