mixedcos

Percentage Accurate: 66.5% → 99.2%
Time: 8.6s
Alternatives: 9
Speedup: 9.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{{c}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x c s)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (cos (* 2.0 x)) (* (pow c 2.0) (* (* x (pow s 2.0)) x))))
double code(double x, double c, double s) {
	return cos((2.0 * x)) / (pow(c, 2.0) * ((x * pow(s, 2.0)) * x));
}
real(8) function code(x, c, s)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    real(8), intent (in) :: s
    code = cos((2.0d0 * x)) / ((c ** 2.0d0) * ((x * (s ** 2.0d0)) * x))
end function
public static double code(double x, double c, double s) {
	return Math.cos((2.0 * x)) / (Math.pow(c, 2.0) * ((x * Math.pow(s, 2.0)) * x));
}
def code(x, c, s):
	return math.cos((2.0 * x)) / (math.pow(c, 2.0) * ((x * math.pow(s, 2.0)) * x))
function code(x, c, s)
	return Float64(cos(Float64(2.0 * x)) / Float64((c ^ 2.0) * Float64(Float64(x * (s ^ 2.0)) * x)))
end
function tmp = code(x, c, s)
	tmp = cos((2.0 * x)) / ((c ^ 2.0) * ((x * (s ^ 2.0)) * x));
end
code[x_, c_, s_] := N[(N[Cos[N[(2.0 * x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(x * N[Power[s, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{{c}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 9 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 66.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{{c}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x c s)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (cos (* 2.0 x)) (* (pow c 2.0) (* (* x (pow s 2.0)) x))))
double code(double x, double c, double s) {
	return cos((2.0 * x)) / (pow(c, 2.0) * ((x * pow(s, 2.0)) * x));
}
real(8) function code(x, c, s)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    real(8), intent (in) :: s
    code = cos((2.0d0 * x)) / ((c ** 2.0d0) * ((x * (s ** 2.0d0)) * x))
end function
public static double code(double x, double c, double s) {
	return Math.cos((2.0 * x)) / (Math.pow(c, 2.0) * ((x * Math.pow(s, 2.0)) * x));
}
def code(x, c, s):
	return math.cos((2.0 * x)) / (math.pow(c, 2.0) * ((x * math.pow(s, 2.0)) * x))
function code(x, c, s)
	return Float64(cos(Float64(2.0 * x)) / Float64((c ^ 2.0) * Float64(Float64(x * (s ^ 2.0)) * x)))
end
function tmp = code(x, c, s)
	tmp = cos((2.0 * x)) / ((c ^ 2.0) * ((x * (s ^ 2.0)) * x));
end
code[x_, c_, s_] := N[(N[Cos[N[(2.0 * x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[c, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(x * N[Power[s, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{{c}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.2% accurate, 2.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} s_m = \left|s\right| \\ c_m = \left|c\right| \\ x_m = \left|x\right| \\ [x_m, c_m, s_m] = \mathsf{sort}([x_m, c_m, s_m])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := s\_m \cdot \left(x\_m \cdot c\_m\right)\\ t_1 := c\_m \cdot \left(x\_m \cdot s\_m\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;x\_m \leq 1.82 \cdot 10^{-51}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{1}{t\_1}}{t\_1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\cos \left(x\_m + x\_m\right)}{t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
s_m = (fabs.f64 s)
c_m = (fabs.f64 c)
x_m = (fabs.f64 x)
NOTE: x_m, c_m, and s_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (x_m c_m s_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* s_m (* x_m c_m))) (t_1 (* c_m (* x_m s_m))))
   (if (<= x_m 1.82e-51)
     (/ (/ 1.0 t_1) t_1)
     (/ (cos (+ x_m x_m)) (* t_0 t_0)))))
s_m = fabs(s);
c_m = fabs(c);
x_m = fabs(x);
assert(x_m < c_m && c_m < s_m);
double code(double x_m, double c_m, double s_m) {
	double t_0 = s_m * (x_m * c_m);
	double t_1 = c_m * (x_m * s_m);
	double tmp;
	if (x_m <= 1.82e-51) {
		tmp = (1.0 / t_1) / t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = cos((x_m + x_m)) / (t_0 * t_0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
s_m = abs(s)
c_m = abs(c)
x_m = abs(x)
NOTE: x_m, c_m, and s_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(8) function code(x_m, c_m, s_m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: c_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: s_m
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = s_m * (x_m * c_m)
    t_1 = c_m * (x_m * s_m)
    if (x_m <= 1.82d-51) then
        tmp = (1.0d0 / t_1) / t_1
    else
        tmp = cos((x_m + x_m)) / (t_0 * t_0)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
s_m = Math.abs(s);
c_m = Math.abs(c);
x_m = Math.abs(x);
assert x_m < c_m && c_m < s_m;
public static double code(double x_m, double c_m, double s_m) {
	double t_0 = s_m * (x_m * c_m);
	double t_1 = c_m * (x_m * s_m);
	double tmp;
	if (x_m <= 1.82e-51) {
		tmp = (1.0 / t_1) / t_1;
	} else {
		tmp = Math.cos((x_m + x_m)) / (t_0 * t_0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
s_m = math.fabs(s)
c_m = math.fabs(c)
x_m = math.fabs(x)
[x_m, c_m, s_m] = sort([x_m, c_m, s_m])
def code(x_m, c_m, s_m):
	t_0 = s_m * (x_m * c_m)
	t_1 = c_m * (x_m * s_m)
	tmp = 0
	if x_m <= 1.82e-51:
		tmp = (1.0 / t_1) / t_1
	else:
		tmp = math.cos((x_m + x_m)) / (t_0 * t_0)
	return tmp
s_m = abs(s)
c_m = abs(c)
x_m = abs(x)
x_m, c_m, s_m = sort([x_m, c_m, s_m])
function code(x_m, c_m, s_m)
	t_0 = Float64(s_m * Float64(x_m * c_m))
	t_1 = Float64(c_m * Float64(x_m * s_m))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x_m <= 1.82e-51)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(1.0 / t_1) / t_1);
	else
		tmp = Float64(cos(Float64(x_m + x_m)) / Float64(t_0 * t_0));
	end
	return tmp
end
s_m = abs(s);
c_m = abs(c);
x_m = abs(x);
x_m, c_m, s_m = num2cell(sort([x_m, c_m, s_m])){:}
function tmp_2 = code(x_m, c_m, s_m)
	t_0 = s_m * (x_m * c_m);
	t_1 = c_m * (x_m * s_m);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x_m <= 1.82e-51)
		tmp = (1.0 / t_1) / t_1;
	else
		tmp = cos((x_m + x_m)) / (t_0 * t_0);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
s_m = N[Abs[s], $MachinePrecision]
c_m = N[Abs[c], $MachinePrecision]
x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
NOTE: x_m, c_m, and s_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[x$95$m_, c$95$m_, s$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(s$95$m * N[(x$95$m * c$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(c$95$m * N[(x$95$m * s$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[x$95$m, 1.82e-51], N[(N[(1.0 / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Cos[N[(x$95$m + x$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
s_m = \left|s\right|
\\
c_m = \left|c\right|
\\
x_m = \left|x\right|
\\
[x_m, c_m, s_m] = \mathsf{sort}([x_m, c_m, s_m])\\
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := s\_m \cdot \left(x\_m \cdot c\_m\right)\\
t_1 := c\_m \cdot \left(x\_m \cdot s\_m\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;x\_m \leq 1.82 \cdot 10^{-51}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{1}{t\_1}}{t\_1}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\cos \left(x\_m + x\_m\right)}{t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x < 1.82000000000000013e-51

    1. Initial program 63.1%

      \[\frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{{c}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{{c}^{2} \cdot \left({s}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{{c}^{2} \cdot \left({s}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)}} \]
      2. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left({c}^{2} \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot {x}^{2}}} \]
      3. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left({c}^{2} \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right)}} \]
      4. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\left({c}^{2} \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right) \cdot x}} \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x \cdot \left(\left({c}^{2} \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)}} \]
      6. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x \cdot \left(\left({c}^{2} \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)}} \]
      7. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left({c}^{2} \cdot {s}^{2}\right)\right)}} \]
      8. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left({c}^{2} \cdot {s}^{2}\right)\right)}} \]
      9. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{\left({s}^{2} \cdot {c}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
      10. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot s\right)} \cdot {c}^{2}\right)\right)} \]
      11. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(s \cdot {c}^{2}\right)\right)}\right)} \]
      12. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(s \cdot {c}^{2}\right)\right)}\right)} \]
      13. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot c\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]
      14. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(s \cdot c\right) \cdot c\right)}\right)\right)} \]
      15. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot \left(s \cdot c\right)\right)}\right)\right)} \]
      16. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot \left(s \cdot c\right)\right)}\right)\right)} \]
      17. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot s\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]
      18. lower-*.f6478.7

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot s\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    5. Applied rewrites78.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right)\right)\right)}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{c \cdot \left(s \cdot x\right)}}{\color{blue}{c \cdot \left(s \cdot x\right)}} \]

      if 1.82000000000000013e-51 < x

      1. Initial program 67.6%

        \[\frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{{c}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{{c}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)}} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{{c}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)}} \]
        3. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{{c}^{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot {s}^{2}\right)} \cdot x\right)} \]
        4. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{{c}^{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left({s}^{2} \cdot x\right)} \cdot x\right)} \]
        5. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{{c}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({s}^{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)}} \]
        6. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left({c}^{2} \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)}} \]
        7. lift-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{{c}^{2}} \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)} \]
        8. lift-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{\left({c}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{s}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)} \]
        9. pow-prod-downN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{{\left(c \cdot s\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)} \]
        10. pow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{{\left(c \cdot s\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{{x}^{2}}} \]
        11. pow-prod-downN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(c \cdot s\right) \cdot x\right)}^{2}}} \]
        12. lower-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(c \cdot s\right) \cdot x\right)}^{2}}} \]
        13. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{{\color{blue}{\left(\left(c \cdot s\right) \cdot x\right)}}^{2}} \]
        14. lower-*.f6496.6

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{{\left(\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot s\right)} \cdot x\right)}^{2}} \]
      4. Applied rewrites96.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(c \cdot s\right) \cdot x\right)}^{2}}} \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot x\right)}}{{\left(\left(c \cdot s\right) \cdot x\right)}^{2}} \]
        2. count-2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \color{blue}{\left(x + x\right)}}{{\left(\left(c \cdot s\right) \cdot x\right)}^{2}} \]
        3. lift-+.f6496.6

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \color{blue}{\left(x + x\right)}}{{\left(\left(c \cdot s\right) \cdot x\right)}^{2}} \]
        4. lift-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{{\left(\left(c \cdot s\right) \cdot x\right)}^{2}}} \]
        5. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{{\color{blue}{\left(\left(c \cdot s\right) \cdot x\right)}}^{2}} \]
        6. unpow-prod-downN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{{\left(c \cdot s\right)}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}} \]
        7. pow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(c \cdot s\right) \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right)} \cdot {x}^{2}} \]
        8. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(\left(c \cdot s\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot s\right)}\right) \cdot {x}^{2}} \]
        9. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(c \cdot s\right) \cdot c\right) \cdot s\right)} \cdot {x}^{2}} \]
        10. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right)} \cdot s\right) \cdot {x}^{2}} \]
        11. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right)} \cdot s\right) \cdot {x}^{2}} \]
        12. pow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(\left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right)}} \]
        13. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(\left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right)}} \]
        14. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right) \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)}} \]
        15. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)}} \]
        16. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right)} \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)} \]
        17. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(c \cdot s\right) \cdot c\right)} \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)} \]
        18. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot s\right) \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)}} \]
        19. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot s\right) \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)}} \]
        20. lower-*.f6476.5

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(c \cdot s\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)}} \]
      6. Applied rewrites76.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(c \cdot s\right) \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)}} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot s\right) \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)}} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(c \cdot s\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)}} \]
        3. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(c \cdot s\right) \cdot c\right) \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)}} \]
        4. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right)} \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)} \]
        5. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right)} \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)} \]
        6. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)}} \]
        7. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot s\right)}} \]
        8. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right) \cdot s}} \]
        9. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right)\right)} \cdot s} \]
        10. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right)} \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right)\right) \cdot s} \]
        11. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot s} \]
        12. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right)}\right)\right) \cdot s} \]
        13. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot c\right) \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right)}\right) \cdot s} \]
        14. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(x \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot x\right)} \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right)\right) \cdot s} \]
        15. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right)\right)}\right) \cdot s} \]
        16. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(x \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot s\right)}\right)\right)\right) \cdot s} \]
        17. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(x \cdot \left(c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot c\right) \cdot s\right)}\right)\right) \cdot s} \]
        18. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(x \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot x\right)} \cdot s\right)\right)\right) \cdot s} \]
        19. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(x \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot x\right)} \cdot s\right)\right)\right) \cdot s} \]
        20. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(x \cdot \left(c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(c \cdot x\right) \cdot s\right)}\right)\right) \cdot s} \]
        21. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot c\right) \cdot \left(\left(c \cdot x\right) \cdot s\right)\right)} \cdot s} \]
        22. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot c\right)} \cdot \left(\left(c \cdot x\right) \cdot s\right)\right) \cdot s} \]
      8. Applied rewrites99.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot c\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot c\right) \cdot s\right)}} \]
    7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    8. Final simplification99.2%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 1.82 \cdot 10^{-51}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{1}{c \cdot \left(x \cdot s\right)}}{c \cdot \left(x \cdot s\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot c\right)\right) \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot c\right)\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
    9. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 2: 83.2% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} s_m = \left|s\right| \\ c_m = \left|c\right| \\ x_m = \left|x\right| \\ [x_m, c_m, s_m] = \mathsf{sort}([x_m, c_m, s_m])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := c\_m \cdot \left(x\_m \cdot s\_m\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\cos \left(x\_m \cdot 2\right)}{{c\_m}^{2} \cdot \left(x\_m \cdot \left(x\_m \cdot {s\_m}^{2}\right)\right)} \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-19}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\cos \left(x\_m + x\_m\right)}{\left(c\_m \cdot c\_m\right) \cdot \left(s\_m \cdot \left(s\_m \cdot \left(x\_m \cdot x\_m\right)\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{1}{t\_0}}{t\_0}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    s_m = (fabs.f64 s)
    c_m = (fabs.f64 c)
    x_m = (fabs.f64 x)
    NOTE: x_m, c_m, and s_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    (FPCore (x_m c_m s_m)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_0 (* c_m (* x_m s_m))))
       (if (<=
            (/ (cos (* x_m 2.0)) (* (pow c_m 2.0) (* x_m (* x_m (pow s_m 2.0)))))
            -2e-19)
         (/ (cos (+ x_m x_m)) (* (* c_m c_m) (* s_m (* s_m (* x_m x_m)))))
         (/ (/ 1.0 t_0) t_0))))
    s_m = fabs(s);
    c_m = fabs(c);
    x_m = fabs(x);
    assert(x_m < c_m && c_m < s_m);
    double code(double x_m, double c_m, double s_m) {
    	double t_0 = c_m * (x_m * s_m);
    	double tmp;
    	if ((cos((x_m * 2.0)) / (pow(c_m, 2.0) * (x_m * (x_m * pow(s_m, 2.0))))) <= -2e-19) {
    		tmp = cos((x_m + x_m)) / ((c_m * c_m) * (s_m * (s_m * (x_m * x_m))));
    	} else {
    		tmp = (1.0 / t_0) / t_0;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    s_m = abs(s)
    c_m = abs(c)
    x_m = abs(x)
    NOTE: x_m, c_m, and s_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    real(8) function code(x_m, c_m, s_m)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
        real(8), intent (in) :: c_m
        real(8), intent (in) :: s_m
        real(8) :: t_0
        real(8) :: tmp
        t_0 = c_m * (x_m * s_m)
        if ((cos((x_m * 2.0d0)) / ((c_m ** 2.0d0) * (x_m * (x_m * (s_m ** 2.0d0))))) <= (-2d-19)) then
            tmp = cos((x_m + x_m)) / ((c_m * c_m) * (s_m * (s_m * (x_m * x_m))))
        else
            tmp = (1.0d0 / t_0) / t_0
        end if
        code = tmp
    end function
    
    s_m = Math.abs(s);
    c_m = Math.abs(c);
    x_m = Math.abs(x);
    assert x_m < c_m && c_m < s_m;
    public static double code(double x_m, double c_m, double s_m) {
    	double t_0 = c_m * (x_m * s_m);
    	double tmp;
    	if ((Math.cos((x_m * 2.0)) / (Math.pow(c_m, 2.0) * (x_m * (x_m * Math.pow(s_m, 2.0))))) <= -2e-19) {
    		tmp = Math.cos((x_m + x_m)) / ((c_m * c_m) * (s_m * (s_m * (x_m * x_m))));
    	} else {
    		tmp = (1.0 / t_0) / t_0;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    s_m = math.fabs(s)
    c_m = math.fabs(c)
    x_m = math.fabs(x)
    [x_m, c_m, s_m] = sort([x_m, c_m, s_m])
    def code(x_m, c_m, s_m):
    	t_0 = c_m * (x_m * s_m)
    	tmp = 0
    	if (math.cos((x_m * 2.0)) / (math.pow(c_m, 2.0) * (x_m * (x_m * math.pow(s_m, 2.0))))) <= -2e-19:
    		tmp = math.cos((x_m + x_m)) / ((c_m * c_m) * (s_m * (s_m * (x_m * x_m))))
    	else:
    		tmp = (1.0 / t_0) / t_0
    	return tmp
    
    s_m = abs(s)
    c_m = abs(c)
    x_m = abs(x)
    x_m, c_m, s_m = sort([x_m, c_m, s_m])
    function code(x_m, c_m, s_m)
    	t_0 = Float64(c_m * Float64(x_m * s_m))
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (Float64(cos(Float64(x_m * 2.0)) / Float64((c_m ^ 2.0) * Float64(x_m * Float64(x_m * (s_m ^ 2.0))))) <= -2e-19)
    		tmp = Float64(cos(Float64(x_m + x_m)) / Float64(Float64(c_m * c_m) * Float64(s_m * Float64(s_m * Float64(x_m * x_m)))));
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(1.0 / t_0) / t_0);
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    s_m = abs(s);
    c_m = abs(c);
    x_m = abs(x);
    x_m, c_m, s_m = num2cell(sort([x_m, c_m, s_m])){:}
    function tmp_2 = code(x_m, c_m, s_m)
    	t_0 = c_m * (x_m * s_m);
    	tmp = 0.0;
    	if ((cos((x_m * 2.0)) / ((c_m ^ 2.0) * (x_m * (x_m * (s_m ^ 2.0))))) <= -2e-19)
    		tmp = cos((x_m + x_m)) / ((c_m * c_m) * (s_m * (s_m * (x_m * x_m))));
    	else
    		tmp = (1.0 / t_0) / t_0;
    	end
    	tmp_2 = tmp;
    end
    
    s_m = N[Abs[s], $MachinePrecision]
    c_m = N[Abs[c], $MachinePrecision]
    x_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
    NOTE: x_m, c_m, and s_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    code[x$95$m_, c$95$m_, s$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(c$95$m * N[(x$95$m * s$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[Cos[N[(x$95$m * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[c$95$m, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[(x$95$m * N[(x$95$m * N[Power[s$95$m, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -2e-19], N[(N[Cos[N[(x$95$m + x$95$m), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(c$95$m * c$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(s$95$m * N[(s$95$m * N[(x$95$m * x$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(1.0 / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    s_m = \left|s\right|
    \\
    c_m = \left|c\right|
    \\
    x_m = \left|x\right|
    \\
    [x_m, c_m, s_m] = \mathsf{sort}([x_m, c_m, s_m])\\
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := c\_m \cdot \left(x\_m \cdot s\_m\right)\\
    \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\cos \left(x\_m \cdot 2\right)}{{c\_m}^{2} \cdot \left(x\_m \cdot \left(x\_m \cdot {s\_m}^{2}\right)\right)} \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-19}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{\cos \left(x\_m + x\_m\right)}{\left(c\_m \cdot c\_m\right) \cdot \left(s\_m \cdot \left(s\_m \cdot \left(x\_m \cdot x\_m\right)\right)\right)}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{1}{t\_0}}{t\_0}\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if (/.f64 (cos.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) x)) (*.f64 (pow.f64 c #s(literal 2 binary64)) (*.f64 (*.f64 x (pow.f64 s #s(literal 2 binary64))) x))) < -2e-19

      1. Initial program 76.1%

        \[\frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{{c}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot x\right)}}{{c}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)} \]
        2. count-2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \color{blue}{\left(x + x\right)}}{{c}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)} \]
        3. lower-+.f6476.1

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \color{blue}{\left(x + x\right)}}{{c}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)} \]
        4. lift-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{{c}^{2}} \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)} \]
        5. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot c\right)} \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)} \]
        6. lower-*.f6476.1

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot c\right)} \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)} \]
        7. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)}} \]
        8. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot {s}^{2}\right)} \cdot x\right)} \]
        9. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left({s}^{2} \cdot x\right)} \cdot x\right)} \]
        10. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left({s}^{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)}} \]
        11. lift-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{{s}^{2}} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)} \]
        12. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot s\right)} \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)} \]
        13. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)}} \]
        14. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)}} \]
        15. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot \left(s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)}\right)} \]
        16. lower-*.f6460.7

          \[\leadsto \frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right)}\right)\right)} \]
      4. Applied rewrites60.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)}} \]

      if -2e-19 < (/.f64 (cos.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) x)) (*.f64 (pow.f64 c #s(literal 2 binary64)) (*.f64 (*.f64 x (pow.f64 s #s(literal 2 binary64))) x)))

      1. Initial program 66.0%

        \[\frac{\cos \left(2 \cdot x\right)}{{c}^{2} \cdot \left(\left(x \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{{c}^{2} \cdot \left({s}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{{c}^{2} \cdot \left({s}^{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)}} \]
        2. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left({c}^{2} \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot {x}^{2}}} \]
        3. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left({c}^{2} \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right)}} \]
        4. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\left({c}^{2} \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right) \cdot x}} \]
        5. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x \cdot \left(\left({c}^{2} \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)}} \]
        6. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{x \cdot \left(\left({c}^{2} \cdot {s}^{2}\right) \cdot x\right)}} \]
        7. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left({c}^{2} \cdot {s}^{2}\right)\right)}} \]
        8. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left({c}^{2} \cdot {s}^{2}\right)\right)}} \]
        9. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{\left({s}^{2} \cdot {c}^{2}\right)}\right)} \]
        10. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot s\right)} \cdot {c}^{2}\right)\right)} \]
        11. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(s \cdot {c}^{2}\right)\right)}\right)} \]
        12. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(s \cdot {c}^{2}\right)\right)}\right)} \]
        13. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot c\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]
        14. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(s \cdot c\right) \cdot c\right)}\right)\right)} \]
        15. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot \left(s \cdot c\right)\right)}\right)\right)} \]
        16. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot \left(s \cdot c\right)\right)}\right)\right)} \]
        17. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot s\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]
        18. lower-*.f6475.8

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(c \cdot \color{blue}{\left(c \cdot s\right)}\right)\right)\right)} \]
      5. Applied rewrites75.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot s\right)\right)\right)\right)}} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites84.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{c \cdot \left(s \cdot x\right)}}{\color{blue}{c \cdot \left(s \cdot x\right)}} \]
      7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      8. Final simplification83.2%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\cos \left(x \cdot 2\right)}{{c}^{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(x \cdot {s}^{2}\right)\right)} \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-19}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\cos \left(x + x\right)}{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(s \cdot \left(x \cdot x\right)\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{1}{c \cdot \left(x \cdot s\right)}}{c \cdot \left(x \cdot s\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
      9. Add Preprocessing

      Reproduce

      ?
      herbie shell --seed 2024226 
      (FPCore (x c s)
        :name "mixedcos"
        :precision binary64
        (/ (cos (* 2.0 x)) (* (pow c 2.0) (* (* x (pow s 2.0)) x))))