
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 12 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(2.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c)))) / (2.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (fma c (* a -4.0) (* b b)))
(t_1 (* a (* a c)))
(t_2 (* (* c (* c -2.0)) t_1))
(t_3 (* b (* b b)))
(t_4 (* (* b b) (* b b))))
(if (<= (/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c))) b) (* a 2.0)) -15.0)
(/ (* (- (* b b) t_0) (/ -1.0 (+ b (sqrt t_0)))) (* a 2.0))
(/
(-
(fma
-0.25
(/
(* (* (* a a) (* a a)) (* (* c (* c (* c c))) 20.0))
(* t_3 (* a t_3)))
(/ (* a (* c c)) (- (* b b))))
(/
(fma c c (/ (* t_2 t_2) (* t_4 t_4)))
(fma (* c -2.0) (/ (* c t_1) t_4) c)))
b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = fma(c, (a * -4.0), (b * b));
double t_1 = a * (a * c);
double t_2 = (c * (c * -2.0)) * t_1;
double t_3 = b * (b * b);
double t_4 = (b * b) * (b * b);
double tmp;
if (((sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) - b) / (a * 2.0)) <= -15.0) {
tmp = (((b * b) - t_0) * (-1.0 / (b + sqrt(t_0)))) / (a * 2.0);
} else {
tmp = (fma(-0.25, ((((a * a) * (a * a)) * ((c * (c * (c * c))) * 20.0)) / (t_3 * (a * t_3))), ((a * (c * c)) / -(b * b))) - (fma(c, c, ((t_2 * t_2) / (t_4 * t_4))) / fma((c * -2.0), ((c * t_1) / t_4), c))) / b;
}
return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c) t_0 = fma(c, Float64(a * -4.0), Float64(b * b)) t_1 = Float64(a * Float64(a * c)) t_2 = Float64(Float64(c * Float64(c * -2.0)) * t_1) t_3 = Float64(b * Float64(b * b)) t_4 = Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(b * b)) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c))) - b) / Float64(a * 2.0)) <= -15.0) tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) - t_0) * Float64(-1.0 / Float64(b + sqrt(t_0)))) / Float64(a * 2.0)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(fma(-0.25, Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) * Float64(a * a)) * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(c * Float64(c * c))) * 20.0)) / Float64(t_3 * Float64(a * t_3))), Float64(Float64(a * Float64(c * c)) / Float64(-Float64(b * b)))) - Float64(fma(c, c, Float64(Float64(t_2 * t_2) / Float64(t_4 * t_4))) / fma(Float64(c * -2.0), Float64(Float64(c * t_1) / t_4), c))) / b); end return tmp end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(c * N[(a * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(a * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(c * N[(c * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(b * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -15.0], N[(N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-1.0 / N[(b + N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(-0.25 * N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c * N[(c * N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 20.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$3 * N[(a * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a * N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / (-N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(c * c + N[(N[(t$95$2 * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$4 * t$95$4), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(c * -2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$4), $MachinePrecision] + c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(c, a \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)\\
t_1 := a \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\\
t_2 := \left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot -2\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\\
t_3 := b \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
t_4 := \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}{a \cdot 2} \leq -15:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\left(b \cdot b - t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{b + \sqrt{t\_0}}}{a \cdot 2}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot c\right)\right)\right) \cdot 20\right)}{t\_3 \cdot \left(a \cdot t\_3\right)}, \frac{a \cdot \left(c \cdot c\right)}{-b \cdot b}\right) - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, c, \frac{t\_2 \cdot t\_2}{t\_4 \cdot t\_4}\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(c \cdot -2, \frac{c \cdot t\_1}{t\_4}, c\right)}}{b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (/.f64 (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 4 binary64) a) c)))) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) a)) < -15Initial program 86.6%
lift--.f64N/A
sub-negN/A
lift-*.f64N/A
lower-fma.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
distribute-lft-neg-inN/A
lift-*.f64N/A
*-commutativeN/A
distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A
associate-*l*N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
metadata-eval86.7
Applied rewrites86.7%
Applied rewrites89.1%
if -15 < (/.f64 (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 4 binary64) a) c)))) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) a)) Initial program 51.5%
Taylor expanded in b around inf
Applied rewrites93.1%
Applied rewrites93.1%
Applied rewrites93.3%
Final simplification92.8%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (fma c (* a -4.0) (* b b))) (t_1 (* b (* b b))))
(if (<= (/ (- (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c))) b) (* a 2.0)) -15.0)
(/ (* (- (* b b) t_0) (/ -1.0 (+ b (sqrt t_0)))) (* a 2.0))
(/
(-
(fma
-0.25
(/
(* (* (* a a) (* a a)) (* (* c (* c (* c c))) 20.0))
(* t_1 (* a t_1)))
(* (* c -2.0) (/ (* c (* a (* a c))) (* (* b b) (* b b)))))
(fma (* c c) (/ a (* b b)) c))
b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = fma(c, (a * -4.0), (b * b));
double t_1 = b * (b * b);
double tmp;
if (((sqrt(((b * b) - ((4.0 * a) * c))) - b) / (a * 2.0)) <= -15.0) {
tmp = (((b * b) - t_0) * (-1.0 / (b + sqrt(t_0)))) / (a * 2.0);
} else {
tmp = (fma(-0.25, ((((a * a) * (a * a)) * ((c * (c * (c * c))) * 20.0)) / (t_1 * (a * t_1))), ((c * -2.0) * ((c * (a * (a * c))) / ((b * b) * (b * b))))) - fma((c * c), (a / (b * b)), c)) / b;
}
return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c) t_0 = fma(c, Float64(a * -4.0), Float64(b * b)) t_1 = Float64(b * Float64(b * b)) tmp = 0.0 if (Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * a) * c))) - b) / Float64(a * 2.0)) <= -15.0) tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) - t_0) * Float64(-1.0 / Float64(b + sqrt(t_0)))) / Float64(a * 2.0)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(fma(-0.25, Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) * Float64(a * a)) * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(c * Float64(c * c))) * 20.0)) / Float64(t_1 * Float64(a * t_1))), Float64(Float64(c * -2.0) * Float64(Float64(c * Float64(a * Float64(a * c))) / Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(b * b))))) - fma(Float64(c * c), Float64(a / Float64(b * b)), c)) / b); end return tmp end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(c * N[(a * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(b * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], -15.0], N[(N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-1.0 / N[(b + N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(-0.25 * N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c * N[(c * N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 20.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$1 * N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(c * -2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c * N[(a * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(c, a \cdot -4, b \cdot b\right)\\
t_1 := b \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b}{a \cdot 2} \leq -15:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\left(b \cdot b - t\_0\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{b + \sqrt{t\_0}}}{a \cdot 2}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot \left(c \cdot c\right)\right)\right) \cdot 20\right)}{t\_1 \cdot \left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}, \left(c \cdot -2\right) \cdot \frac{c \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)}{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}\right) - \mathsf{fma}\left(c \cdot c, \frac{a}{b \cdot b}, c\right)}{b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (/.f64 (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 4 binary64) a) c)))) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) a)) < -15Initial program 84.7%
lift--.f64N/A
sub-negN/A
lift-*.f64N/A
lower-fma.f64N/A
lift-*.f64N/A
distribute-lft-neg-inN/A
lift-*.f64N/A
*-commutativeN/A
distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A
associate-*l*N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-*.f64N/A
metadata-eval84.9
Applied rewrites84.9%
Applied rewrites86.3%
if -15 < (/.f64 (+.f64 (neg.f64 b) (sqrt.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 b b) (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 4 binary64) a) c)))) (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) a)) Initial program 52.7%
Taylor expanded in b around inf
Applied rewrites92.4%
Applied rewrites92.4%
Final simplification91.8%
herbie shell --seed 2024226
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Quadratic roots, narrow range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 1.0536712127723509e-8 a) (< a 94906265.62425156)) (and (< 1.0536712127723509e-8 b) (< b 94906265.62425156))) (and (< 1.0536712127723509e-8 c) (< c 94906265.62425156)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 4.0 a) c)))) (* 2.0 a)))