Destination given bearing on a great circle

Percentage Accurate: 99.8% → 99.8%
Time: 18.8s
Alternatives: 15
Speedup: 1.3×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
   (-
    (cos delta)
    (*
     (sin phi1)
     (sin
      (asin
       (+
        (* (sin phi1) (cos delta))
        (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(delta) - (Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin(Math.asin(((Math.sin(phi1) * Math.cos(delta)) + ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(theta))))))));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(delta) - (math.sin(phi1) * math.sin(math.asin(((math.sin(phi1) * math.cos(delta)) + ((math.cos(phi1) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(theta))))))))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta)))))))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 15 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
   (-
    (cos delta)
    (*
     (sin phi1)
     (sin
      (asin
       (+
        (* (sin phi1) (cos delta))
        (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(delta) - (Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin(Math.asin(((Math.sin(phi1) * Math.cos(delta)) + ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(theta))))))));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(delta) - (math.sin(phi1) * math.sin(math.asin(((math.sin(phi1) * math.cos(delta)) + ((math.cos(phi1) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(theta))))))))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta)))))))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.8% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right), -\cos delta, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \left(-\sin \phi_1\right)\right), \cos \phi_1, \cos delta\right)\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) (sin delta)))
   (fma
    (fma (cos (+ phi1 phi1)) -0.5 0.5)
    (- (cos delta))
    (fma
     (* (cos theta) (* (sin delta) (- (sin phi1))))
     (cos phi1)
     (cos delta))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), fma(fma(cos((phi1 + phi1)), -0.5, 0.5), -cos(delta), fma((cos(theta) * (sin(delta) * -sin(phi1))), cos(phi1), cos(delta))));
}
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))), fma(fma(cos(Float64(phi1 + phi1)), -0.5, 0.5), Float64(-cos(delta)), fma(Float64(cos(theta) * Float64(sin(delta) * Float64(-sin(phi1)))), cos(phi1), cos(delta)))))
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(phi1 + phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * -0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * (-N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]) + N[(N[(N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * (-N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right), -\cos delta, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \left(-\sin \phi_1\right)\right), \cos \phi_1, \cos delta\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.7%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    2. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    3. lift-asin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    4. sin-asinN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    5. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    6. distribute-rgt-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
    7. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    8. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    9. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    10. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    11. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.7%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right), -\cos delta, \cos delta + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(-\sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\cos delta\right), \color{blue}{\cos delta + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}\right)} \]
    2. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\cos delta\right), \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right) + \cos delta}\right)} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\cos delta\right), \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)} + \cos delta\right)} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\cos delta\right), \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1} + \cos delta\right)} \]
    5. lower-fma.f6499.8

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right), -\cos delta, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(-\sin \phi_1\right), \cos \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}\right)} \]
    6. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\cos delta\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)\right)}, \cos \phi_1, \cos delta\right)\right)} \]
    7. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\cos delta\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)}, \cos \phi_1, \cos delta\right)\right)} \]
    8. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\cos delta\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)}, \cos \phi_1, \cos delta\right)\right)} \]
    9. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\cos delta\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}, \cos \phi_1, \cos delta\right)\right)} \]
    10. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right), \mathsf{neg}\left(\cos delta\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}, \cos \phi_1, \cos delta\right)\right)} \]
    11. lower-*.f6499.8

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right), -\cos delta, \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(-\sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos theta, \cos \phi_1, \cos delta\right)\right)} \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right), -\cos delta, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(-\sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta, \cos \phi_1, \cos delta\right)}\right)} \]
  8. Final simplification99.8%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right), -\cos delta, \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \left(-\sin \phi_1\right)\right), \cos \phi_1, \cos delta\right)\right)} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 96.3% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right)\\ t_2 := \sin theta \cdot \sin delta\\ t_3 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot t\_2\\ t_4 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_3}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_4 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_3}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_1, \cos delta, -\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_4 \leq 5:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_3}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \left(-\sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_2}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (fma 0.5 (cos (* phi1 -2.0)) 0.5))
        (t_2 (* (sin theta) (sin delta)))
        (t_3 (* (cos phi1) t_2))
        (t_4
         (+
          lambda1
          (atan2
           t_3
           (-
            (cos delta)
            (*
             (sin phi1)
             (sin
              (asin
               (+
                (* (cos delta) (sin phi1))
                (* (cos theta) (* (sin delta) (cos phi1))))))))))))
   (if (<= t_4 5e-15)
     (fma
      lambda1
      (/
       (atan2
        t_3
        (fma t_1 (cos delta) (- (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (sin phi1))))))
       lambda1)
      lambda1)
     (if (<= t_4 5.0)
       (atan2
        t_3
        (fma
         t_1
         (cos delta)
         (* (cos phi1) (* (cos theta) (* (sin delta) (- (sin phi1)))))))
       (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_2 (cos delta)))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	double t_1 = fma(0.5, cos((phi1 * -2.0)), 0.5);
	double t_2 = sin(theta) * sin(delta);
	double t_3 = cos(phi1) * t_2;
	double t_4 = lambda1 + atan2(t_3, (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((cos(delta) * sin(phi1)) + (cos(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1)))))))));
	double tmp;
	if (t_4 <= 5e-15) {
		tmp = fma(lambda1, (atan2(t_3, fma(t_1, cos(delta), -(cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(phi1))))) / lambda1), lambda1);
	} else if (t_4 <= 5.0) {
		tmp = atan2(t_3, fma(t_1, cos(delta), (cos(phi1) * (cos(theta) * (sin(delta) * -sin(phi1))))));
	} else {
		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_2, cos(delta));
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	t_1 = fma(0.5, cos(Float64(phi1 * -2.0)), 0.5)
	t_2 = Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))
	t_3 = Float64(cos(phi1) * t_2)
	t_4 = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_3, Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(cos(delta) * sin(phi1)) + Float64(cos(theta) * Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1))))))))))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_4 <= 5e-15)
		tmp = fma(lambda1, Float64(atan(t_3, fma(t_1, cos(delta), Float64(-Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * sin(phi1)))))) / lambda1), lambda1);
	elseif (t_4 <= 5.0)
		tmp = atan(t_3, fma(t_1, cos(delta), Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(cos(theta) * Float64(sin(delta) * Float64(-sin(phi1)))))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_2, cos(delta)));
	end
	return tmp
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(phi1 * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$4 = N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$3 / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$4, 5e-15], N[(lambda1 * N[(N[ArcTan[t$95$3 / N[(t$95$1 * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] + (-N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / lambda1), $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$4, 5.0], N[ArcTan[t$95$3 / N[(t$95$1 * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * (-N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$2 / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right)\\
t_2 := \sin theta \cdot \sin delta\\
t_3 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot t\_2\\
t_4 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_3}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_4 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_3}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_1, \cos delta, -\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_4 \leq 5:\\
\;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_3}{\mathsf{fma}\left(t\_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \left(-\sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_2}{\cos delta}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (+.f64 lambda1 (atan2.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 theta) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 phi1)) (-.f64 (cos.f64 delta) (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 (asin.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 delta)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 theta))))))))) < 4.99999999999999999e-15

    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      2. lift-sin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      3. lift-asin.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      4. sin-asinN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      5. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
      6. distribute-rgt-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
      7. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
      8. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
      9. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
      10. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
      11. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites99.7%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1} + 1\right)} \]
      2. distribute-lft-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1} + \lambda_1 \cdot 1} \]
      3. *-rgt-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 \cdot \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1} + \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
      4. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)} \]
    7. Applied rewrites99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 + \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot -0.5, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right) \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites95.5%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right), \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(-\sin delta\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right) \]

      if 4.99999999999999999e-15 < (+.f64 lambda1 (atan2.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 theta) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 phi1)) (-.f64 (cos.f64 delta) (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 (asin.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 delta)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 theta))))))))) < 5

      1. Initial program 99.2%

        \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
        2. lift-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
        3. lift-asin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
        4. sin-asinN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
        5. lift-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
        6. distribute-rgt-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
        7. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
        8. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
        9. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
        10. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
        11. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
      4. Applied rewrites99.4%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
      5. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)} \]
        2. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)} \]
        3. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
        4. lower-cos.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
        5. lower-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
        6. lower-sin.f6470.1

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}\right)} \]
      7. Applied rewrites70.1%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)} \]
      8. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}} \]
      9. Applied rewrites97.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right), \cos delta, \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \left(-\cos \phi_1\right)\right)}} \]

      if 5 < (+.f64 lambda1 (atan2.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 theta) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 phi1)) (-.f64 (cos.f64 delta) (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 (asin.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 delta)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 theta)))))))))

      1. Initial program 100.0%

        \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-cos.f64100.0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites100.0%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
        2. lower-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
        3. lower-sin.f64100.0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      8. Applied rewrites100.0%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
    10. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
    11. Final simplification96.6%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right), \cos delta, -\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)} \leq 5:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right), \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \left(-\sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \]
    12. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 91.8% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\\ t_2 := \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)}\\ t_3 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \leq -0.001:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_3\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-10}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_3\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_1 (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) (sin delta))))
            (t_2
             (atan2
              t_1
              (-
               (cos delta)
               (*
                (sin phi1)
                (sin
                 (asin
                  (+
                   (* (cos delta) (sin phi1))
                   (* (cos theta) (* (sin delta) (cos phi1))))))))))
            (t_3 (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 (- (cos delta) (* phi1 phi1))))))
       (if (<= t_2 -0.001)
         t_3
         (if (<= t_2 5e-10) (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 (pow (cos phi1) 2.0))) t_3))))
    double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
    	double t_1 = cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta));
    	double t_2 = atan2(t_1, (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((cos(delta) * sin(phi1)) + (cos(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1)))))))));
    	double t_3 = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, (cos(delta) - (phi1 * phi1)));
    	double tmp;
    	if (t_2 <= -0.001) {
    		tmp = t_3;
    	} else if (t_2 <= 5e-10) {
    		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, pow(cos(phi1), 2.0));
    	} else {
    		tmp = t_3;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
        real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
        real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
        real(8), intent (in) :: delta
        real(8), intent (in) :: theta
        real(8) :: t_1
        real(8) :: t_2
        real(8) :: t_3
        real(8) :: tmp
        t_1 = cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))
        t_2 = atan2(t_1, (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((cos(delta) * sin(phi1)) + (cos(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1)))))))))
        t_3 = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, (cos(delta) - (phi1 * phi1)))
        if (t_2 <= (-0.001d0)) then
            tmp = t_3
        else if (t_2 <= 5d-10) then
            tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, (cos(phi1) ** 2.0d0))
        else
            tmp = t_3
        end if
        code = tmp
    end function
    
    public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
    	double t_1 = Math.cos(phi1) * (Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta));
    	double t_2 = Math.atan2(t_1, (Math.cos(delta) - (Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin(Math.asin(((Math.cos(delta) * Math.sin(phi1)) + (Math.cos(theta) * (Math.sin(delta) * Math.cos(phi1)))))))));
    	double t_3 = lambda1 + Math.atan2(t_1, (Math.cos(delta) - (phi1 * phi1)));
    	double tmp;
    	if (t_2 <= -0.001) {
    		tmp = t_3;
    	} else if (t_2 <= 5e-10) {
    		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2(t_1, Math.pow(Math.cos(phi1), 2.0));
    	} else {
    		tmp = t_3;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
    	t_1 = math.cos(phi1) * (math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta))
    	t_2 = math.atan2(t_1, (math.cos(delta) - (math.sin(phi1) * math.sin(math.asin(((math.cos(delta) * math.sin(phi1)) + (math.cos(theta) * (math.sin(delta) * math.cos(phi1)))))))))
    	t_3 = lambda1 + math.atan2(t_1, (math.cos(delta) - (phi1 * phi1)))
    	tmp = 0
    	if t_2 <= -0.001:
    		tmp = t_3
    	elif t_2 <= 5e-10:
    		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2(t_1, math.pow(math.cos(phi1), 2.0))
    	else:
    		tmp = t_3
    	return tmp
    
    function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    	t_1 = Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)))
    	t_2 = atan(t_1, Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(cos(delta) * sin(phi1)) + Float64(cos(theta) * Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1)))))))))
    	t_3 = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(phi1 * phi1))))
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (t_2 <= -0.001)
    		tmp = t_3;
    	elseif (t_2 <= 5e-10)
    		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, (cos(phi1) ^ 2.0)));
    	else
    		tmp = t_3;
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    	t_1 = cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta));
    	t_2 = atan2(t_1, (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((cos(delta) * sin(phi1)) + (cos(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1)))))))));
    	t_3 = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, (cos(delta) - (phi1 * phi1)));
    	tmp = 0.0;
    	if (t_2 <= -0.001)
    		tmp = t_3;
    	elseif (t_2 <= 5e-10)
    		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, (cos(phi1) ^ 2.0));
    	else
    		tmp = t_3;
    	end
    	tmp_2 = tmp;
    end
    
    code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(phi1 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$2, -0.001], t$95$3, If[LessEqual[t$95$2, 5e-10], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[Power[N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$3]]]]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_1 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\\
    t_2 := \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)}\\
    t_3 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\
    \mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \leq -0.001:\\
    \;\;\;\;t\_3\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-10}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;t\_3\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if (atan2.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 theta) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 phi1)) (-.f64 (cos.f64 delta) (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 (asin.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 delta)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 theta)))))))) < -1e-3 or 5.00000000000000031e-10 < (atan2.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 theta) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 phi1)) (-.f64 (cos.f64 delta) (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 (asin.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 delta)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 theta))))))))

      1. Initial program 99.7%

        \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        2. lower-sin.f6483.9

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites83.9%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\phi_1}^{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites84.0%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\phi_1}} \]

        if -1e-3 < (atan2.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 theta) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 phi1)) (-.f64 (cos.f64 delta) (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 (asin.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 delta)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 theta)))))))) < 5.00000000000000031e-10

        1. Initial program 99.7%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-cos.f6489.5

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites89.5%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
          2. 1-sub-sinN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}} \]
          3. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          4. lower-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          5. lower-cos.f6495.3

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
        8. Applied rewrites95.3%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
      8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      9. Final simplification90.4%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)} \leq -0.001:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-10}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\ \end{array} \]
      10. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 4: 91.8% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\\ t_2 := \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)}\\ t_3 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \leq -0.001:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_3\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-10}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot 2\right), 0.5\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_3\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_1 (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) (sin delta))))
              (t_2
               (atan2
                t_1
                (-
                 (cos delta)
                 (*
                  (sin phi1)
                  (sin
                   (asin
                    (+
                     (* (cos delta) (sin phi1))
                     (* (cos theta) (* (sin delta) (cos phi1))))))))))
              (t_3 (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 (- (cos delta) (* phi1 phi1))))))
         (if (<= t_2 -0.001)
           t_3
           (if (<= t_2 5e-10)
             (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 (fma 0.5 (cos (* phi1 2.0)) 0.5)))
             t_3))))
      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double t_1 = cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta));
      	double t_2 = atan2(t_1, (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((cos(delta) * sin(phi1)) + (cos(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1)))))))));
      	double t_3 = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, (cos(delta) - (phi1 * phi1)));
      	double tmp;
      	if (t_2 <= -0.001) {
      		tmp = t_3;
      	} else if (t_2 <= 5e-10) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, fma(0.5, cos((phi1 * 2.0)), 0.5));
      	} else {
      		tmp = t_3;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	t_1 = Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)))
      	t_2 = atan(t_1, Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(cos(delta) * sin(phi1)) + Float64(cos(theta) * Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1)))))))))
      	t_3 = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(phi1 * phi1))))
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (t_2 <= -0.001)
      		tmp = t_3;
      	elseif (t_2 <= 5e-10)
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, fma(0.5, cos(Float64(phi1 * 2.0)), 0.5)));
      	else
      		tmp = t_3;
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(phi1 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$2, -0.001], t$95$3, If[LessEqual[t$95$2, 5e-10], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(phi1 * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$3]]]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_1 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)\\
      t_2 := \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)}\\
      t_3 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\
      \mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \leq -0.001:\\
      \;\;\;\;t\_3\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-10}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot 2\right), 0.5\right)}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;t\_3\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if (atan2.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 theta) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 phi1)) (-.f64 (cos.f64 delta) (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 (asin.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 delta)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 theta)))))))) < -1e-3 or 5.00000000000000031e-10 < (atan2.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 theta) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 phi1)) (-.f64 (cos.f64 delta) (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 (asin.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 delta)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 theta))))))))

        1. Initial program 99.7%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          2. lower-sin.f6483.9

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites83.9%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\phi_1}^{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites84.0%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\phi_1}} \]

          if -1e-3 < (atan2.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 theta) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 phi1)) (-.f64 (cos.f64 delta) (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 (asin.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 delta)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 theta)))))))) < 5.00000000000000031e-10

          1. Initial program 99.7%

            \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
            2. lift-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
            3. lift-asin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
            4. sin-asinN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
            5. lift-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
            6. distribute-rgt-inN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
            7. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
            8. associate-*r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
            9. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
            10. associate-*r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
            11. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
          4. Applied rewrites99.8%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
          5. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)}} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right) + \frac{1}{2}}} \]
            2. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \]
            3. lower-cos.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)}, \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
            4. lower-*.f6495.3

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)}, 0.5\right)} \]
          7. Applied rewrites95.3%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), 0.5\right)}} \]
        8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        9. Final simplification90.4%

          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)} \leq -0.001:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-10}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot 2\right), 0.5\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\ \end{array} \]
        10. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 5: 86.1% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \sin theta \cdot \sin delta\\ t_2 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot t\_1\\ \mathbf{if}\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_2}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)} \leq -3:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_2}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
         :precision binary64
         (let* ((t_1 (* (sin theta) (sin delta))) (t_2 (* (cos phi1) t_1)))
           (if (<=
                (atan2
                 t_2
                 (-
                  (cos delta)
                  (*
                   (sin phi1)
                   (sin
                    (asin
                     (+
                      (* (cos delta) (sin phi1))
                      (* (cos theta) (* (sin delta) (cos phi1)))))))))
                -3.0)
             (fma lambda1 (/ (atan2 t_2 (- 1.0 (* phi1 phi1))) lambda1) lambda1)
             (+ lambda1 (atan2 t_1 (cos delta))))))
        double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
        	double t_1 = sin(theta) * sin(delta);
        	double t_2 = cos(phi1) * t_1;
        	double tmp;
        	if (atan2(t_2, (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((cos(delta) * sin(phi1)) + (cos(theta) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))))))))) <= -3.0) {
        		tmp = fma(lambda1, (atan2(t_2, (1.0 - (phi1 * phi1))) / lambda1), lambda1);
        	} else {
        		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(t_1, cos(delta));
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
        	t_1 = Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))
        	t_2 = Float64(cos(phi1) * t_1)
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (atan(t_2, Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(cos(delta) * sin(phi1)) + Float64(cos(theta) * Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1))))))))) <= -3.0)
        		tmp = fma(lambda1, Float64(atan(t_2, Float64(1.0 - Float64(phi1 * phi1))) / lambda1), lambda1);
        	else
        		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(t_1, cos(delta)));
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[N[ArcTan[t$95$2 / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], -3.0], N[(lambda1 * N[(N[ArcTan[t$95$2 / N[(1.0 - N[(phi1 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / lambda1), $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[t$95$1 / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        t_1 := \sin theta \cdot \sin delta\\
        t_2 := \cos \phi_1 \cdot t\_1\\
        \mathbf{if}\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_2}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)} \leq -3:\\
        \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_2}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{t\_1}{\cos delta}\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if (atan2.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 theta) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 phi1)) (-.f64 (cos.f64 delta) (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 (asin.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 delta)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 theta)))))))) < -3

          1. Initial program 99.9%

            \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
            2. lift-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
            3. lift-asin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
            4. sin-asinN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
            5. lift-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
            6. distribute-rgt-inN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
            7. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
            8. associate-*r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
            9. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
            10. associate-*r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
            11. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
          4. Applied rewrites99.9%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
          5. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1} + 1\right)} \]
            2. distribute-lft-inN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1} + \lambda_1 \cdot 1} \]
            3. *-rgt-identityN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 \cdot \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1} + \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
            4. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)} \]
          7. Applied rewrites99.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 + \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot -0.5, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)} \]
          8. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\frac{1}{2} - \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right) \]
          9. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites44.4%

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right) \]
            2. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{1 + -1 \cdot {\phi_1}^{2}}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right) \]
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites83.6%

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right) \]

              if -3 < (atan2.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 theta) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 phi1)) (-.f64 (cos.f64 delta) (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 (asin.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 (sin.f64 phi1) (cos.f64 delta)) (*.f64 (*.f64 (cos.f64 phi1) (sin.f64 delta)) (cos.f64 theta))))))))

              1. Initial program 99.7%

                \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-cos.f6486.4

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              5. Applied rewrites86.4%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
                3. lower-sin.f6484.7

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              8. Applied rewrites84.7%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            5. Final simplification84.6%

              \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right)} \leq -3:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{1 - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \]
            6. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 6: 99.8% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right), \cos theta, \cos delta \cdot \left(1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)\right)} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
             :precision binary64
             (+
              lambda1
              (atan2
               (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) (sin delta)))
               (fma
                (- (* (sin phi1) (* (sin delta) (cos phi1))))
                (cos theta)
                (* (cos delta) (- 1.0 (fma (cos (+ phi1 phi1)) -0.5 0.5)))))))
            double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
            	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), fma(-(sin(phi1) * (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))), cos(theta), (cos(delta) * (1.0 - fma(cos((phi1 + phi1)), -0.5, 0.5)))));
            }
            
            function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
            	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))), fma(Float64(-Float64(sin(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1)))), cos(theta), Float64(cos(delta) * Float64(1.0 - fma(cos(Float64(phi1 + phi1)), -0.5, 0.5))))))
            end
            
            code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[((-N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]) * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - N[(N[Cos[N[(phi1 + phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * -0.5 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right), \cos theta, \cos delta \cdot \left(1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)\right)}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 99.7%

              \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
              2. lift-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
              3. lift-asin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
              4. sin-asinN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
              5. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
              6. distribute-rgt-inN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
              7. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
              8. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
              9. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
              10. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
              11. lower-fma.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
            4. Applied rewrites99.7%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
            5. Applied rewrites99.8%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right), \cos theta, \left(\left(-\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right) + 1\right) \cdot \cos delta\right)}} \]
            6. Final simplification99.8%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right), \cos theta, \cos delta \cdot \left(1 - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), -0.5, 0.5\right)\right)\right)} \]
            7. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 7: 94.7% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right), \cos delta, -\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
             :precision binary64
             (+
              lambda1
              (atan2
               (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) (sin delta)))
               (fma
                (fma 0.5 (cos (* phi1 -2.0)) 0.5)
                (cos delta)
                (- (* (cos phi1) (* (sin delta) (sin phi1))))))))
            double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
            	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), fma(fma(0.5, cos((phi1 * -2.0)), 0.5), cos(delta), -(cos(phi1) * (sin(delta) * sin(phi1)))));
            }
            
            function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
            	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))), fma(fma(0.5, cos(Float64(phi1 * -2.0)), 0.5), cos(delta), Float64(-Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(delta) * sin(phi1)))))))
            end
            
            code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(phi1 * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] + (-N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right), \cos delta, -\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 99.7%

              \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
              2. lift-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
              3. lift-asin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
              4. sin-asinN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
              5. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
              6. distribute-rgt-inN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
              7. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
              8. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
              9. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
              10. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
              11. lower-fma.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
            4. Applied rewrites99.7%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
            5. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}\right)} \]
            6. Step-by-step derivation
              1. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)} \]
              2. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)} \]
              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
              4. lower-cos.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
              5. lower-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
              6. lower-sin.f6493.2

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}\right)} \]
            7. Applied rewrites93.2%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)} \]
            8. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}} \]
            9. Applied rewrites93.2%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right), \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(-\sin delta\right)\right)\right)}} \]
            10. Final simplification93.2%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right), \cos delta, -\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)} \]
            11. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 8: 92.3% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), 0.5\right)} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
             :precision binary64
             (+
              lambda1
              (atan2
               (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) (sin delta)))
               (- (cos delta) (fma -0.5 (cos (+ phi1 phi1)) 0.5)))))
            double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
            	return lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), (cos(delta) - fma(-0.5, cos((phi1 + phi1)), 0.5)));
            }
            
            function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
            	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))), Float64(cos(delta) - fma(-0.5, cos(Float64(phi1 + phi1)), 0.5))))
            end
            
            code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(-0.5 * N[Cos[N[(phi1 + phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), 0.5\right)}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 99.7%

              \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-pow.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
              2. lower-sin.f6490.2

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
            5. Applied rewrites90.2%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
            6. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
              2. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} + \lambda_1} \]
              3. lower-+.f6490.2

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} + \lambda_1} \]
            7. Applied rewrites90.2%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), 0.5\right)} + \lambda_1} \]
            8. Final simplification90.2%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), 0.5\right)} \]
            9. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 9: 91.5% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.0042:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.000102:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
             :precision binary64
             (if (<= delta -0.0042)
               (+
                lambda1
                (atan2
                 (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) (sin delta)))
                 (- (cos delta) (* phi1 phi1))))
               (if (<= delta 0.000102)
                 (fma
                  lambda1
                  (/
                   (atan2
                    (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) delta))
                    (fma 0.5 (cos (* phi1 -2.0)) 0.5))
                   lambda1)
                  lambda1)
                 (+
                  lambda1
                  (atan2 (* (sin delta) (* (sin theta) (cos phi1))) (cos delta))))))
            double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
            	double tmp;
            	if (delta <= -0.0042) {
            		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * sin(delta))), (cos(delta) - (phi1 * phi1)));
            	} else if (delta <= 0.000102) {
            		tmp = fma(lambda1, (atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * delta)), fma(0.5, cos((phi1 * -2.0)), 0.5)) / lambda1), lambda1);
            	} else {
            		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if (delta <= -0.0042)
            		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta))), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(phi1 * phi1))));
            	elseif (delta <= 0.000102)
            		tmp = fma(lambda1, Float64(atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * delta)), fma(0.5, cos(Float64(phi1 * -2.0)), 0.5)) / lambda1), lambda1);
            	else
            		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(delta) * Float64(sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta)));
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := If[LessEqual[delta, -0.0042], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(phi1 * phi1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[delta, 0.000102], N[(lambda1 * N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(phi1 * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / lambda1), $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.0042:\\
            \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\
            
            \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.000102:\\
            \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 3 regimes
            2. if delta < -0.00419999999999999974

              1. Initial program 99.6%

                \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-pow.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
                2. lower-sin.f6482.2

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
              5. Applied rewrites82.2%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\phi_1}^{\color{blue}{2}}} \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites80.0%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\phi_1}} \]

                if -0.00419999999999999974 < delta < 1.01999999999999999e-4

                1. Initial program 99.8%

                  \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lift-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
                  2. lift-sin.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
                  3. lift-asin.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
                  4. sin-asinN/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
                  5. lift-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
                  6. distribute-rgt-inN/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
                  7. lift-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
                  8. associate-*r*N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
                  9. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
                  10. associate-*r*N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
                  11. lower-fma.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
                4. Applied rewrites99.8%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
                5. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)} \]
                6. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1} + 1\right)} \]
                  2. distribute-lft-inN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1} + \lambda_1 \cdot 1} \]
                  3. *-rgt-identityN/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 \cdot \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1} + \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
                  4. lower-fma.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)} \]
                7. Applied rewrites99.8%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 + \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot -0.5, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)} \]
                8. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\frac{1}{2} - \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right) \]
                9. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites99.1%

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right) \]
                  2. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right) \]
                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites99.1%

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right) \]

                    if 1.01999999999999999e-4 < delta

                    1. Initial program 99.8%

                      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. lower-cos.f6483.4

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                    5. Applied rewrites83.4%

                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. lift-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta} \]
                      2. lift-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
                      3. associate-*l*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
                      4. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
                      5. associate-*r*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                      6. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                      7. lower-*.f6483.4

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
                    7. Applied rewrites83.4%

                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  4. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                  5. Final simplification89.2%

                    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.0042:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)}{\cos delta - \phi_1 \cdot \phi_1}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.000102:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \]
                  6. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 10: 91.9% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.9 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.000102:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                  (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
                   :precision binary64
                   (let* ((t_1
                           (+
                            lambda1
                            (atan2 (* (sin delta) (* (sin theta) (cos phi1))) (cos delta)))))
                     (if (<= delta -1.9e-5)
                       t_1
                       (if (<= delta 0.000102)
                         (fma
                          lambda1
                          (/
                           (atan2
                            (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) delta))
                            (fma 0.5 (cos (* phi1 -2.0)) 0.5))
                           lambda1)
                          lambda1)
                         t_1))))
                  double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                  	double t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * (sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta));
                  	double tmp;
                  	if (delta <= -1.9e-5) {
                  		tmp = t_1;
                  	} else if (delta <= 0.000102) {
                  		tmp = fma(lambda1, (atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * delta)), fma(0.5, cos((phi1 * -2.0)), 0.5)) / lambda1), lambda1);
                  	} else {
                  		tmp = t_1;
                  	}
                  	return tmp;
                  }
                  
                  function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                  	t_1 = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(delta) * Float64(sin(theta) * cos(phi1))), cos(delta)))
                  	tmp = 0.0
                  	if (delta <= -1.9e-5)
                  		tmp = t_1;
                  	elseif (delta <= 0.000102)
                  		tmp = fma(lambda1, Float64(atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * delta)), fma(0.5, cos(Float64(phi1 * -2.0)), 0.5)) / lambda1), lambda1);
                  	else
                  		tmp = t_1;
                  	end
                  	return tmp
                  end
                  
                  code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[delta, -1.9e-5], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[delta, 0.000102], N[(lambda1 * N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(phi1 * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / lambda1), $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]]]
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  
                  \\
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\
                  \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.9 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
                  
                  \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.000102:\\
                  \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)\\
                  
                  \mathbf{else}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
                  
                  
                  \end{array}
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Split input into 2 regimes
                  2. if delta < -1.9000000000000001e-5 or 1.01999999999999999e-4 < delta

                    1. Initial program 99.7%

                      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. lower-cos.f6481.4

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                    5. Applied rewrites81.4%

                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. lift-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta} \]
                      2. lift-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
                      3. associate-*l*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
                      4. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
                      5. associate-*r*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                      6. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                      7. lower-*.f6481.4

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
                    7. Applied rewrites81.4%

                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]

                    if -1.9000000000000001e-5 < delta < 1.01999999999999999e-4

                    1. Initial program 99.8%

                      \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. lift-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
                      2. lift-sin.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
                      3. lift-asin.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
                      4. sin-asinN/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
                      5. lift-+.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
                      6. distribute-rgt-inN/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
                      7. lift-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
                      8. associate-*r*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
                      9. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
                      10. associate-*r*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
                      11. lower-fma.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
                    4. Applied rewrites99.8%

                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
                    5. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)} \]
                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. +-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1} + 1\right)} \]
                      2. distribute-lft-inN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1} + \lambda_1 \cdot 1} \]
                      3. *-rgt-identityN/A

                        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 \cdot \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1} + \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
                      4. lower-fma.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)} \]
                    7. Applied rewrites99.8%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 + \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot -0.5, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)} \]
                    8. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\frac{1}{2} - \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right) \]
                    9. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites99.1%

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right) \]
                      2. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right) \]
                      3. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites99.1%

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right) \]
                      4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                      5. Final simplification89.1%

                        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.9 \cdot 10^{-5}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.000102:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \]
                      6. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 11: 87.2% accurate, 3.0× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq 0.00047:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
                       :precision binary64
                       (if (<= phi1 0.00047)
                         (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos delta)))
                         (fma
                          lambda1
                          (/
                           (atan2
                            (* (cos phi1) (* (sin theta) delta))
                            (fma 0.5 (cos (* phi1 -2.0)) 0.5))
                           lambda1)
                          lambda1)))
                      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                      	double tmp;
                      	if (phi1 <= 0.00047) {
                      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
                      	} else {
                      		tmp = fma(lambda1, (atan2((cos(phi1) * (sin(theta) * delta)), fma(0.5, cos((phi1 * -2.0)), 0.5)) / lambda1), lambda1);
                      	}
                      	return tmp;
                      }
                      
                      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                      	tmp = 0.0
                      	if (phi1 <= 0.00047)
                      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta)));
                      	else
                      		tmp = fma(lambda1, Float64(atan(Float64(cos(phi1) * Float64(sin(theta) * delta)), fma(0.5, cos(Float64(phi1 * -2.0)), 0.5)) / lambda1), lambda1);
                      	end
                      	return tmp
                      end
                      
                      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := If[LessEqual[phi1, 0.00047], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 * N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(phi1 * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / lambda1), $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision]]
                      
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      
                      \\
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq 0.00047:\\
                      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\
                      
                      \mathbf{else}:\\
                      \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)\\
                      
                      
                      \end{array}
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Split input into 2 regimes
                      2. if phi1 < 4.69999999999999986e-4

                        1. Initial program 99.8%

                          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. lower-cos.f6490.3

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                        5. Applied rewrites90.3%

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                        6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                        7. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                          2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
                          3. lower-sin.f6488.4

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                        8. Applied rewrites88.4%

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]

                        if 4.69999999999999986e-4 < phi1

                        1. Initial program 99.5%

                          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. lift-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
                          2. lift-sin.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
                          3. lift-asin.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
                          4. sin-asinN/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
                          5. lift-+.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
                          6. distribute-rgt-inN/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
                          7. lift-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
                          8. associate-*r*N/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
                          9. *-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right)} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
                          10. associate-*r*N/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos delta} + \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
                          11. lower-fma.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
                        4. Applied rewrites99.5%

                          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos theta\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
                        5. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}\right)} \]
                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. +-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1} + 1\right)} \]
                          2. distribute-lft-inN/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 \cdot \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1} + \lambda_1 \cdot 1} \]
                          3. *-rgt-identityN/A

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 \cdot \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1} + \color{blue}{\lambda_1} \]
                          4. lower-fma.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right) + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)} \]
                        7. Applied rewrites99.5%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 + \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right) \cdot -0.5, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)} \]
                        8. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\frac{1}{2} - \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right) \]
                        9. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites79.6%

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right) \]
                          2. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right) \]
                          3. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites76.2%

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right) \]
                          4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                          5. Final simplification84.7%

                            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\phi_1 \leq 0.00047:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\lambda_1, \frac{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(\phi_1 \cdot -2\right), 0.5\right)}}{\lambda_1}, \lambda_1\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                          6. Add Preprocessing

                          Alternative 12: 86.4% accurate, 3.3× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \end{array} \]
                          (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
                           :precision binary64
                           (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos delta))))
                          double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                          	return lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
                          }
                          
                          real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
                              real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
                              real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
                              real(8), intent (in) :: delta
                              real(8), intent (in) :: theta
                              code = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta))
                          end function
                          
                          public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                          	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)), Math.cos(delta));
                          }
                          
                          def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
                          	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)), math.cos(delta))
                          
                          function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                          	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta)))
                          end
                          
                          function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                          	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
                          end
                          
                          code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          
                          \\
                          \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}
                          \end{array}
                          
                          Derivation
                          1. Initial program 99.7%

                            \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. lower-cos.f6485.9

                              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                          5. Applied rewrites85.9%

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                          6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                          7. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                            2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
                            3. lower-sin.f6482.7

                              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                          8. Applied rewrites82.7%

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                          9. Final simplification82.7%

                            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
                          10. Add Preprocessing

                          Alternative 13: 80.5% accurate, 4.0× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.035:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.85 \cdot 10^{-29}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, delta \cdot delta, 1\right)\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                          (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
                           :precision binary64
                           (let* ((t_1 (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* theta (sin delta)) (cos delta)))))
                             (if (<= delta -0.035)
                               t_1
                               (if (<= delta 1.85e-29)
                                 (+
                                  lambda1
                                  (atan2
                                   (*
                                    delta
                                    (* (sin theta) (fma -0.16666666666666666 (* delta delta) 1.0)))
                                   (cos delta)))
                                 t_1))))
                          double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                          	double t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
                          	double tmp;
                          	if (delta <= -0.035) {
                          		tmp = t_1;
                          	} else if (delta <= 1.85e-29) {
                          		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((delta * (sin(theta) * fma(-0.16666666666666666, (delta * delta), 1.0))), cos(delta));
                          	} else {
                          		tmp = t_1;
                          	}
                          	return tmp;
                          }
                          
                          function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                          	t_1 = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta)))
                          	tmp = 0.0
                          	if (delta <= -0.035)
                          		tmp = t_1;
                          	elseif (delta <= 1.85e-29)
                          		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(delta * Float64(sin(theta) * fma(-0.16666666666666666, Float64(delta * delta), 1.0))), cos(delta)));
                          	else
                          		tmp = t_1;
                          	end
                          	return tmp
                          end
                          
                          code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(theta * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[delta, -0.035], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[delta, 1.85e-29], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(delta * N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[(-0.16666666666666666 * N[(delta * delta), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]]]
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          
                          \\
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\
                          \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.035:\\
                          \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
                          
                          \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.85 \cdot 10^{-29}:\\
                          \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, delta \cdot delta, 1\right)\right)}{\cos delta}\\
                          
                          \mathbf{else}:\\
                          \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
                          
                          
                          \end{array}
                          \end{array}
                          
                          Derivation
                          1. Split input into 2 regimes
                          2. if delta < -0.035000000000000003 or 1.8499999999999999e-29 < delta

                            1. Initial program 99.6%

                              \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. lower-cos.f6480.7

                                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                            5. Applied rewrites80.7%

                              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                            6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                            7. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                              2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
                              3. lower-sin.f6475.5

                                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                            8. Applied rewrites75.5%

                              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                            9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

                              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                            10. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites64.4%

                                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]

                              if -0.035000000000000003 < delta < 1.8499999999999999e-29

                              1. Initial program 99.8%

                                \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                              2. Add Preprocessing
                              3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. lower-cos.f6493.1

                                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                              5. Applied rewrites93.1%

                                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                              6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                              7. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                                2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
                                3. lower-sin.f6492.5

                                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                              8. Applied rewrites92.5%

                                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                              9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin theta + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left({delta}^{2} \cdot \sin theta\right)\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
                              10. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites92.3%

                                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, delta \cdot delta, 1\right) \cdot \sin theta\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
                              11. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                              12. Final simplification76.2%

                                \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.035:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.85 \cdot 10^{-29}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \left(\sin theta \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, delta \cdot delta, 1\right)\right)}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \]
                              13. Add Preprocessing

                              Alternative 14: 80.4% accurate, 4.2× speedup?

                              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -2.06 \cdot 10^{+24}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.85 \cdot 10^{-29}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                              (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
                               :precision binary64
                               (let* ((t_1 (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* theta (sin delta)) (cos delta)))))
                                 (if (<= delta -2.06e+24)
                                   t_1
                                   (if (<= delta 1.85e-29)
                                     (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) delta) (cos delta)))
                                     t_1))))
                              double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                              	double t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
                              	double tmp;
                              	if (delta <= -2.06e+24) {
                              		tmp = t_1;
                              	} else if (delta <= 1.85e-29) {
                              		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta));
                              	} else {
                              		tmp = t_1;
                              	}
                              	return tmp;
                              }
                              
                              real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: delta
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: theta
                                  real(8) :: t_1
                                  real(8) :: tmp
                                  t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta))
                                  if (delta <= (-2.06d+24)) then
                                      tmp = t_1
                                  else if (delta <= 1.85d-29) then
                                      tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta))
                                  else
                                      tmp = t_1
                                  end if
                                  code = tmp
                              end function
                              
                              public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                              	double t_1 = lambda1 + Math.atan2((theta * Math.sin(delta)), Math.cos(delta));
                              	double tmp;
                              	if (delta <= -2.06e+24) {
                              		tmp = t_1;
                              	} else if (delta <= 1.85e-29) {
                              		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * delta), Math.cos(delta));
                              	} else {
                              		tmp = t_1;
                              	}
                              	return tmp;
                              }
                              
                              def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
                              	t_1 = lambda1 + math.atan2((theta * math.sin(delta)), math.cos(delta))
                              	tmp = 0
                              	if delta <= -2.06e+24:
                              		tmp = t_1
                              	elif delta <= 1.85e-29:
                              		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * delta), math.cos(delta))
                              	else:
                              		tmp = t_1
                              	return tmp
                              
                              function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                              	t_1 = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta)))
                              	tmp = 0.0
                              	if (delta <= -2.06e+24)
                              		tmp = t_1;
                              	elseif (delta <= 1.85e-29)
                              		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta)));
                              	else
                              		tmp = t_1;
                              	end
                              	return tmp
                              end
                              
                              function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                              	t_1 = lambda1 + atan2((theta * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
                              	tmp = 0.0;
                              	if (delta <= -2.06e+24)
                              		tmp = t_1;
                              	elseif (delta <= 1.85e-29)
                              		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta));
                              	else
                              		tmp = t_1;
                              	end
                              	tmp_2 = tmp;
                              end
                              
                              code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(theta * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[delta, -2.06e+24], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[delta, 1.85e-29], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]]]
                              
                              \begin{array}{l}
                              
                              \\
                              \begin{array}{l}
                              t_1 := \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\
                              \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -2.06 \cdot 10^{+24}:\\
                              \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
                              
                              \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.85 \cdot 10^{-29}:\\
                              \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}\\
                              
                              \mathbf{else}:\\
                              \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
                              
                              
                              \end{array}
                              \end{array}
                              
                              Derivation
                              1. Split input into 2 regimes
                              2. if delta < -2.06000000000000001e24 or 1.8499999999999999e-29 < delta

                                1. Initial program 99.6%

                                  \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. lower-cos.f6480.0

                                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                                5. Applied rewrites80.0%

                                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                                6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                                7. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                                  2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
                                  3. lower-sin.f6474.6

                                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                                8. Applied rewrites74.6%

                                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                                9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                                10. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites63.7%

                                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]

                                  if -2.06000000000000001e24 < delta < 1.8499999999999999e-29

                                  1. Initial program 99.8%

                                    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                  3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. lower-cos.f6493.4

                                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                                  5. Applied rewrites93.4%

                                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                                  6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                                  7. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. lower-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                                    2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
                                    3. lower-sin.f6492.8

                                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                                  8. Applied rewrites92.8%

                                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                                  9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                                  10. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites91.6%

                                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                                  11. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                  12. Final simplification76.0%

                                    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -2.06 \cdot 10^{+24}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 1.85 \cdot 10^{-29}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \]
                                  13. Add Preprocessing

                                  Alternative 15: 75.0% accurate, 4.3× speedup?

                                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta} \end{array} \]
                                  (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
                                   :precision binary64
                                   (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) delta) (cos delta))))
                                  double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                                  	return lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta));
                                  }
                                  
                                  real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: delta
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: theta
                                      code = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta))
                                  end function
                                  
                                  public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                                  	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * delta), Math.cos(delta));
                                  }
                                  
                                  def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
                                  	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * delta), math.cos(delta))
                                  
                                  function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                                  	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta)))
                                  end
                                  
                                  function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                                  	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta));
                                  end
                                  
                                  code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                  
                                  \begin{array}{l}
                                  
                                  \\
                                  \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}
                                  \end{array}
                                  
                                  Derivation
                                  1. Initial program 99.7%

                                    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                  3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. lower-cos.f6485.9

                                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                                  5. Applied rewrites85.9%

                                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                                  6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                                  7. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. lower-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                                    2. lower-sin.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
                                    3. lower-sin.f6482.7

                                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                                  8. Applied rewrites82.7%

                                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                                  9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                                  10. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites71.1%

                                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                                    2. Final simplification71.1%

                                      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta} \]
                                    3. Add Preprocessing

                                    Reproduce

                                    ?
                                    herbie shell --seed 2024226 
                                    (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
                                      :name "Destination given bearing on a great circle"
                                      :precision binary64
                                      (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1)) (- (cos delta) (* (sin phi1) (sin (asin (+ (* (sin phi1) (cos delta)) (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))