Diagrams.Solve.Polynomial:cubForm from diagrams-solve-0.1, K

Percentage Accurate: 71.3% → 77.5%
Time: 21.1s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 1.2×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
 :precision binary64
 (- (* (* 2.0 (sqrt x)) (cos (- y (/ (* z t) 3.0)))) (/ a (* b 3.0))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return ((2.0 * sqrt(x)) * cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    code = ((2.0d0 * sqrt(x)) * cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0d0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return ((2.0 * Math.sqrt(x)) * Math.cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
	return ((2.0 * math.sqrt(x)) * math.cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0))
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * sqrt(x)) * cos(Float64(y - Float64(Float64(z * t) / 3.0)))) - Float64(a / Float64(b * 3.0)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	tmp = ((2.0 * sqrt(x)) * cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(y - N[(N[(z * t), $MachinePrecision] / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[(b * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 71.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
 :precision binary64
 (- (* (* 2.0 (sqrt x)) (cos (- y (/ (* z t) 3.0)))) (/ a (* b 3.0))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return ((2.0 * sqrt(x)) * cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    code = ((2.0d0 * sqrt(x)) * cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0d0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return ((2.0 * Math.sqrt(x)) * Math.cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
	return ((2.0 * math.sqrt(x)) * math.cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0))
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * sqrt(x)) * cos(Float64(y - Float64(Float64(z * t) / 3.0)))) - Float64(a / Float64(b * 3.0)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	tmp = ((2.0 * sqrt(x)) * cos((y - ((z * t) / 3.0)))) - (a / (b * 3.0));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(y - N[(N[(z * t), $MachinePrecision] / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(a / N[(b * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 77.5% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \frac{a}{b \cdot -3}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
 :precision binary64
 (fma (* (cos y) 2.0) (sqrt x) (/ a (* b -3.0))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	return fma((cos(y) * 2.0), sqrt(x), (a / (b * -3.0)));
}
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	return fma(Float64(cos(y) * 2.0), sqrt(x), Float64(a / Float64(b * -3.0)))
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := N[(N[(N[Cos[y], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] + N[(a / N[(b * -3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \frac{a}{b \cdot -3}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 71.4%

    \[\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

    \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos y} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-cos.f6478.3

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos y} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
  5. Applied rewrites78.3%

    \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos y} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos y - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3}} \]
    2. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos y + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\right)\right)} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos y} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\right)\right) \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos y \cdot \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\right)\right) \]
    5. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \cos y \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\right)\right) \]
    6. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos y \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{x}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\right)\right) \]
    7. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\right)\right)} \]
    8. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos y \cdot 2}, \sqrt{x}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\right)\right) \]
    9. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{a}{b \cdot 3}}\right)\right) \]
    10. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \color{blue}{\frac{a}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b \cdot 3\right)}}\right) \]
    11. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \color{blue}{\frac{a}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b \cdot 3\right)}}\right) \]
    12. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \frac{a}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{b \cdot 3}\right)}\right) \]
    13. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \frac{a}{\color{blue}{b \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right)}}\right) \]
    14. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \frac{a}{b \cdot \color{blue}{-3}}\right) \]
    15. lower-*.f6478.3

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \frac{a}{\color{blue}{b \cdot -3}}\right) \]
  7. Applied rewrites78.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \frac{a}{b \cdot -3}\right)} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 71.5% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{a}{3 \cdot b}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-99}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, 2, \frac{a \cdot -0.3333333333333333}{b}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 500000:\\ \;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(z \cdot t, -0.3333333333333333, y\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot 1, \sqrt{x}, \frac{a}{b \cdot -3}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a b)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (/ a (* 3.0 b))))
   (if (<= t_1 -2e-99)
     (fma (sqrt x) 2.0 (/ (* a -0.3333333333333333) b))
     (if (<= t_1 500000.0)
       (* 2.0 (* (sqrt x) (cos (fma (* z t) -0.3333333333333333 y))))
       (fma (* 2.0 1.0) (sqrt x) (/ a (* b -3.0)))))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
	double t_1 = a / (3.0 * b);
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -2e-99) {
		tmp = fma(sqrt(x), 2.0, ((a * -0.3333333333333333) / b));
	} else if (t_1 <= 500000.0) {
		tmp = 2.0 * (sqrt(x) * cos(fma((z * t), -0.3333333333333333, y)));
	} else {
		tmp = fma((2.0 * 1.0), sqrt(x), (a / (b * -3.0)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
	t_1 = Float64(a / Float64(3.0 * b))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= -2e-99)
		tmp = fma(sqrt(x), 2.0, Float64(Float64(a * -0.3333333333333333) / b));
	elseif (t_1 <= 500000.0)
		tmp = Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(x) * cos(fma(Float64(z * t), -0.3333333333333333, y))));
	else
		tmp = fma(Float64(2.0 * 1.0), sqrt(x), Float64(a / Float64(b * -3.0)));
	end
	return tmp
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(a / N[(3.0 * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -2e-99], N[(N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0 + N[(N[(a * -0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 500000.0], N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(N[(z * t), $MachinePrecision] * -0.3333333333333333 + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(2.0 * 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] + N[(a / N[(b * -3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \frac{a}{3 \cdot b}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-99}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, 2, \frac{a \cdot -0.3333333333333333}{b}\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 500000:\\
\;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(z \cdot t, -0.3333333333333333, y\right)\right)\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot 1, \sqrt{x}, \frac{a}{b \cdot -3}\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (/.f64 a (*.f64 b #s(literal 3 binary64))) < -2e-99

    1. Initial program 79.6%

      \[\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right)} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
      2. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right)} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
      3. cos-diffN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos y \cdot \cos \left(\frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) + \sin y \cdot \sin \left(\frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right)\right)} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
      4. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin y \cdot \sin \left(\frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) + \cos y \cdot \cos \left(\frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right)\right)} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
      5. sin-multN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \cos \left(y + \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right)}{2}} + \cos y \cdot \cos \left(\frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right)\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
      6. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \cos \left(y + \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}} + \cos y \cdot \cos \left(\frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right)\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
      7. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \cos \left(y + \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}} + \cos y \cdot \cos \left(\frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right)\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
      8. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \cos \left(y + \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right), \frac{1}{2}, \cos y \cdot \cos \left(\frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right)\right)} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
    4. Applied rewrites79.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(z \cdot t, -0.3333333333333333, y\right)\right) - \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(z, t \cdot 0.3333333333333333, y\right)\right), 0.5, \cos y \cdot \cos \left(z \cdot \left(t \cdot 0.3333333333333333\right)\right)\right)} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in z around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos y\right) + \sqrt{x} \cdot \left(z \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right) - \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right)\right)\right)\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos y\right) + \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \left(z \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right) - \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right)\right)\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right)} \]
      2. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \sqrt{x} \cdot \cos y, \sqrt{x} \cdot \left(z \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right) - \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right)\right)\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right)} \]
      3. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos y}, \sqrt{x} \cdot \left(z \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right) - \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right)\right)\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right) \]
      4. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \color{blue}{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \cos y, \sqrt{x} \cdot \left(z \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right) - \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right)\right)\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right) \]
      5. lower-cos.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \sqrt{x} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos y}, \sqrt{x} \cdot \left(z \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right) - \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right)\right)\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right) \]
      6. cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \sqrt{x} \cdot \cos y, \color{blue}{\sqrt{x} \cdot \left(z \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right) - \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right)\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{a}{b}}\right) \]
      7. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \sqrt{x} \cdot \cos y, \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right) - \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right)\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right) \]
      8. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \sqrt{x} \cdot \cos y, \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right) - \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}} \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right) \]
      9. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2, \sqrt{x} \cdot \cos y, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot z, \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right) - \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot \sin y\right), \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b}\right)}\right) \]
    7. Applied rewrites72.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \sqrt{x} \cdot \cos y, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot z, \left(t \cdot \sin y\right) \cdot 0.6666666666666666, \frac{a \cdot -0.3333333333333333}{b}\right)\right)} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{2}{3} \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \left(z \cdot \sin y\right)}{a} \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) + 2 \cdot \left(\frac{\cos y}{a} \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)\right) - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites72.4%

        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.6666666666666666, t \cdot \left(z \cdot \frac{\sin y}{a}\right), \frac{2 \cdot \cos y}{a}\right), \frac{-0.3333333333333333}{b}\right)} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in y around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{a}{b} + \color{blue}{2 \cdot \sqrt{x}} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites82.4%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, \color{blue}{2}, \frac{a \cdot -0.3333333333333333}{b}\right) \]

        if -2e-99 < (/.f64 a (*.f64 b #s(literal 3 binary64))) < 5e5

        1. Initial program 58.4%

          \[\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

          \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos y} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-cos.f6459.7

            \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos y} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
        5. Applied rewrites59.7%

          \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos y} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in x around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot z\right)\right)\right)} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

            \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(y + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot z\right)\right)}\right) \]
          2. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos \left(y + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}} \cdot \left(t \cdot z\right)\right)\right) \]
          3. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos \left(y + \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot z\right)\right)\right)} \]
          4. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos \left(y + \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot z\right)\right)\right)} \]
          5. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{x}} \cdot \cos \left(y + \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot z\right)\right)\right) \]
          6. lower-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(y + \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot z\right)\right)}\right) \]
          7. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{3} \cdot \left(t \cdot z\right) + y\right)}\right) \]
          8. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot z\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{3}} + y\right)\right) \]
          9. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot z, \frac{-1}{3}, y\right)\right)}\right) \]
          10. lower-*.f6451.5

            \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{t \cdot z}, -0.3333333333333333, y\right)\right)\right) \]
        8. Applied rewrites51.5%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(t \cdot z, -0.3333333333333333, y\right)\right)\right)} \]

        if 5e5 < (/.f64 a (*.f64 b #s(literal 3 binary64)))

        1. Initial program 83.2%

          \[\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{z \cdot t}{3}\right) - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

          \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos y} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-cos.f6494.7

            \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos y} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
        5. Applied rewrites94.7%

          \[\leadsto \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos y} - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos y - \frac{a}{b \cdot 3}} \]
          2. sub-negN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos y + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\right)\right)} \]
          3. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right) \cdot \cos y} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\right)\right) \]
          4. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos y \cdot \left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\right)\right) \]
          5. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \cos y \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\right)\right) \]
          6. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos y \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{x}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\right)\right) \]
          7. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\right)\right)} \]
          8. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos y \cdot 2}, \sqrt{x}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{a}{b \cdot 3}\right)\right) \]
          9. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{a}{b \cdot 3}}\right)\right) \]
          10. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \color{blue}{\frac{a}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b \cdot 3\right)}}\right) \]
          11. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \color{blue}{\frac{a}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b \cdot 3\right)}}\right) \]
          12. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \frac{a}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{b \cdot 3}\right)}\right) \]
          13. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \frac{a}{\color{blue}{b \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right)}}\right) \]
          14. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \frac{a}{b \cdot \color{blue}{-3}}\right) \]
          15. lower-*.f6494.7

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \frac{a}{\color{blue}{b \cdot -3}}\right) \]
        7. Applied rewrites94.7%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos y \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \frac{a}{b \cdot -3}\right)} \]
        8. Taylor expanded in y around 0

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(1 \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \frac{a}{b \cdot -3}\right) \]
        9. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites92.2%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(1 \cdot 2, \sqrt{x}, \frac{a}{b \cdot -3}\right) \]
        10. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
        11. Final simplification71.5%

          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{a}{3 \cdot b} \leq -2 \cdot 10^{-99}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{x}, 2, \frac{a \cdot -0.3333333333333333}{b}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\frac{a}{3 \cdot b} \leq 500000:\\ \;\;\;\;2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{x} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(z \cdot t, -0.3333333333333333, y\right)\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot 1, \sqrt{x}, \frac{a}{b \cdot -3}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
        12. Add Preprocessing

        Developer Target 1: 75.2% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{\frac{0.3333333333333333}{z}}{t}\\ t_2 := \frac{\frac{a}{3}}{b}\\ t_3 := 2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\\ \mathbf{if}\;z < -1.3793337487235141 \cdot 10^{+129}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_3 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{y} - t\_1\right) - t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;z < 3.516290613555987 \cdot 10^{+106}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{t}{3} \cdot z\right) - t\_2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos \left(y - t\_1\right) \cdot t\_3 - \frac{\frac{a}{b}}{3}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (x y z t a b)
         :precision binary64
         (let* ((t_1 (/ (/ 0.3333333333333333 z) t))
                (t_2 (/ (/ a 3.0) b))
                (t_3 (* 2.0 (sqrt x))))
           (if (< z -1.3793337487235141e+129)
             (- (* t_3 (cos (- (/ 1.0 y) t_1))) t_2)
             (if (< z 3.516290613555987e+106)
               (- (* (* (sqrt x) 2.0) (cos (- y (* (/ t 3.0) z)))) t_2)
               (- (* (cos (- y t_1)) t_3) (/ (/ a b) 3.0))))))
        double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
        	double t_1 = (0.3333333333333333 / z) / t;
        	double t_2 = (a / 3.0) / b;
        	double t_3 = 2.0 * sqrt(x);
        	double tmp;
        	if (z < -1.3793337487235141e+129) {
        		tmp = (t_3 * cos(((1.0 / y) - t_1))) - t_2;
        	} else if (z < 3.516290613555987e+106) {
        		tmp = ((sqrt(x) * 2.0) * cos((y - ((t / 3.0) * z)))) - t_2;
        	} else {
        		tmp = (cos((y - t_1)) * t_3) - ((a / b) / 3.0);
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
            real(8), intent (in) :: x
            real(8), intent (in) :: y
            real(8), intent (in) :: z
            real(8), intent (in) :: t
            real(8), intent (in) :: a
            real(8), intent (in) :: b
            real(8) :: t_1
            real(8) :: t_2
            real(8) :: t_3
            real(8) :: tmp
            t_1 = (0.3333333333333333d0 / z) / t
            t_2 = (a / 3.0d0) / b
            t_3 = 2.0d0 * sqrt(x)
            if (z < (-1.3793337487235141d+129)) then
                tmp = (t_3 * cos(((1.0d0 / y) - t_1))) - t_2
            else if (z < 3.516290613555987d+106) then
                tmp = ((sqrt(x) * 2.0d0) * cos((y - ((t / 3.0d0) * z)))) - t_2
            else
                tmp = (cos((y - t_1)) * t_3) - ((a / b) / 3.0d0)
            end if
            code = tmp
        end function
        
        public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a, double b) {
        	double t_1 = (0.3333333333333333 / z) / t;
        	double t_2 = (a / 3.0) / b;
        	double t_3 = 2.0 * Math.sqrt(x);
        	double tmp;
        	if (z < -1.3793337487235141e+129) {
        		tmp = (t_3 * Math.cos(((1.0 / y) - t_1))) - t_2;
        	} else if (z < 3.516290613555987e+106) {
        		tmp = ((Math.sqrt(x) * 2.0) * Math.cos((y - ((t / 3.0) * z)))) - t_2;
        	} else {
        		tmp = (Math.cos((y - t_1)) * t_3) - ((a / b) / 3.0);
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        def code(x, y, z, t, a, b):
        	t_1 = (0.3333333333333333 / z) / t
        	t_2 = (a / 3.0) / b
        	t_3 = 2.0 * math.sqrt(x)
        	tmp = 0
        	if z < -1.3793337487235141e+129:
        		tmp = (t_3 * math.cos(((1.0 / y) - t_1))) - t_2
        	elif z < 3.516290613555987e+106:
        		tmp = ((math.sqrt(x) * 2.0) * math.cos((y - ((t / 3.0) * z)))) - t_2
        	else:
        		tmp = (math.cos((y - t_1)) * t_3) - ((a / b) / 3.0)
        	return tmp
        
        function code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
        	t_1 = Float64(Float64(0.3333333333333333 / z) / t)
        	t_2 = Float64(Float64(a / 3.0) / b)
        	t_3 = Float64(2.0 * sqrt(x))
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (z < -1.3793337487235141e+129)
        		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_3 * cos(Float64(Float64(1.0 / y) - t_1))) - t_2);
        	elseif (z < 3.516290613555987e+106)
        		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(sqrt(x) * 2.0) * cos(Float64(y - Float64(Float64(t / 3.0) * z)))) - t_2);
        	else
        		tmp = Float64(Float64(cos(Float64(y - t_1)) * t_3) - Float64(Float64(a / b) / 3.0));
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a, b)
        	t_1 = (0.3333333333333333 / z) / t;
        	t_2 = (a / 3.0) / b;
        	t_3 = 2.0 * sqrt(x);
        	tmp = 0.0;
        	if (z < -1.3793337487235141e+129)
        		tmp = (t_3 * cos(((1.0 / y) - t_1))) - t_2;
        	elseif (z < 3.516290613555987e+106)
        		tmp = ((sqrt(x) * 2.0) * cos((y - ((t / 3.0) * z)))) - t_2;
        	else
        		tmp = (cos((y - t_1)) * t_3) - ((a / b) / 3.0);
        	end
        	tmp_2 = tmp;
        end
        
        code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_, b_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 / z), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(a / 3.0), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(2.0 * N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[z, -1.3793337487235141e+129], N[(N[(t$95$3 * N[Cos[N[(N[(1.0 / y), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], If[Less[z, 3.516290613555987e+106], N[(N[(N[(N[Sqrt[x], $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[N[(y - N[(N[(t / 3.0), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Cos[N[(y - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(a / b), $MachinePrecision] / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        t_1 := \frac{\frac{0.3333333333333333}{z}}{t}\\
        t_2 := \frac{\frac{a}{3}}{b}\\
        t_3 := 2 \cdot \sqrt{x}\\
        \mathbf{if}\;z < -1.3793337487235141 \cdot 10^{+129}:\\
        \;\;\;\;t\_3 \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{y} - t\_1\right) - t\_2\\
        
        \mathbf{elif}\;z < 3.516290613555987 \cdot 10^{+106}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{x} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \cos \left(y - \frac{t}{3} \cdot z\right) - t\_2\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\cos \left(y - t\_1\right) \cdot t\_3 - \frac{\frac{a}{b}}{3}\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        

        Reproduce

        ?
        herbie shell --seed 2024223 
        (FPCore (x y z t a b)
          :name "Diagrams.Solve.Polynomial:cubForm  from diagrams-solve-0.1, K"
          :precision binary64
        
          :alt
          (! :herbie-platform default (if (< z -1379333748723514100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) (- (* (* 2 (sqrt x)) (cos (- (/ 1 y) (/ (/ 3333333333333333/10000000000000000 z) t)))) (/ (/ a 3) b)) (if (< z 35162906135559870000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) (- (* (* (sqrt x) 2) (cos (- y (* (/ t 3) z)))) (/ (/ a 3) b)) (- (* (cos (- y (/ (/ 3333333333333333/10000000000000000 z) t))) (* 2 (sqrt x))) (/ (/ a b) 3)))))
        
          (- (* (* 2.0 (sqrt x)) (cos (- y (/ (* z t) 3.0)))) (/ a (* b 3.0))))