Trigonometry A

Percentage Accurate: 99.8% → 99.7%
Time: 8.2s
Alternatives: 13
Speedup: N/A×

Specification

?
\[0 \leq e \land e \leq 1\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (e v) :precision binary64 (/ (* e (sin v)) (+ 1.0 (* e (cos v)))))
double code(double e, double v) {
	return (e * sin(v)) / (1.0 + (e * cos(v)));
}
real(8) function code(e, v)
    real(8), intent (in) :: e
    real(8), intent (in) :: v
    code = (e * sin(v)) / (1.0d0 + (e * cos(v)))
end function
public static double code(double e, double v) {
	return (e * Math.sin(v)) / (1.0 + (e * Math.cos(v)));
}
def code(e, v):
	return (e * math.sin(v)) / (1.0 + (e * math.cos(v)))
function code(e, v)
	return Float64(Float64(e * sin(v)) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(e * cos(v))))
end
function tmp = code(e, v)
	tmp = (e * sin(v)) / (1.0 + (e * cos(v)));
end
code[e_, v_] := N[(N[(e * N[Sin[v], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(e * N[Cos[v], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 13 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (e v) :precision binary64 (/ (* e (sin v)) (+ 1.0 (* e (cos v)))))
double code(double e, double v) {
	return (e * sin(v)) / (1.0 + (e * cos(v)));
}
real(8) function code(e, v)
    real(8), intent (in) :: e
    real(8), intent (in) :: v
    code = (e * sin(v)) / (1.0d0 + (e * cos(v)))
end function
public static double code(double e, double v) {
	return (e * Math.sin(v)) / (1.0 + (e * Math.cos(v)));
}
def code(e, v):
	return (e * math.sin(v)) / (1.0 + (e * math.cos(v)))
function code(e, v)
	return Float64(Float64(e * sin(v)) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(e * cos(v))))
end
function tmp = code(e, v)
	tmp = (e * sin(v)) / (1.0 + (e * cos(v)));
end
code[e_, v_] := N[(N[(e * N[Sin[v], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(e * N[Cos[v], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.7% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\sin v \cdot \left(e \cdot \left(1 - e \cdot \cos v\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(v + v\right), e \cdot \left(-e\right), 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (e v)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (* (sin v) (* e (- 1.0 (* e (cos v)))))
  (fma (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (+ v v)))) (* e (- e)) 1.0)))
double code(double e, double v) {
	return (sin(v) * (e * (1.0 - (e * cos(v))))) / fma((0.5 + (0.5 * cos((v + v)))), (e * -e), 1.0);
}
function code(e, v)
	return Float64(Float64(sin(v) * Float64(e * Float64(1.0 - Float64(e * cos(v))))) / fma(Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(v + v)))), Float64(e * Float64(-e)), 1.0))
end
code[e_, v_] := N[(N[(N[Sin[v], $MachinePrecision] * N[(e * N[(1.0 - N[(e * N[Cos[v], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(v + v), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(e * (-e)), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\sin v \cdot \left(e \cdot \left(1 - e \cdot \cos v\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(v + v\right), e \cdot \left(-e\right), 1\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v}} \]
    2. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e \cdot \sin v}{\color{blue}{1 + e \cdot \cos v}} \]
    3. flip-+N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e \cdot \sin v}{\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot 1 - \left(e \cdot \cos v\right) \cdot \left(e \cdot \cos v\right)}{1 - e \cdot \cos v}}} \]
    4. associate-/r/N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(e \cdot \cos v\right) \cdot \left(e \cdot \cos v\right)} \cdot \left(1 - e \cdot \cos v\right)} \]
    5. associate-*l/N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(e \cdot \sin v\right) \cdot \left(1 - e \cdot \cos v\right)}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(e \cdot \cos v\right) \cdot \left(e \cdot \cos v\right)}} \]
    6. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(e \cdot \sin v\right) \cdot \left(1 - e \cdot \cos v\right)}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(e \cdot \cos v\right) \cdot \left(e \cdot \cos v\right)}} \]
    7. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(e \cdot \sin v\right)} \cdot \left(1 - e \cdot \cos v\right)}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(e \cdot \cos v\right) \cdot \left(e \cdot \cos v\right)} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin v \cdot e\right)} \cdot \left(1 - e \cdot \cos v\right)}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(e \cdot \cos v\right) \cdot \left(e \cdot \cos v\right)} \]
    9. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin v \cdot \left(e \cdot \left(1 - e \cdot \cos v\right)\right)}}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(e \cdot \cos v\right) \cdot \left(e \cdot \cos v\right)} \]
    10. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin v \cdot \left(e \cdot \left(1 - e \cdot \cos v\right)\right)}}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(e \cdot \cos v\right) \cdot \left(e \cdot \cos v\right)} \]
    11. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e \cdot \left(1 - e \cdot \cos v\right)\right)}}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(e \cdot \cos v\right) \cdot \left(e \cdot \cos v\right)} \]
    12. lower--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v \cdot \left(e \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - e \cdot \cos v\right)}\right)}{1 \cdot 1 - \left(e \cdot \cos v\right) \cdot \left(e \cdot \cos v\right)} \]
    13. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v \cdot \left(e \cdot \left(1 - e \cdot \cos v\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{1} - \left(e \cdot \cos v\right) \cdot \left(e \cdot \cos v\right)} \]
    14. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v \cdot \left(e \cdot \left(1 - e \cdot \cos v\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(e \cdot \cos v\right) \cdot \left(e \cdot \cos v\right)\right)\right)}} \]
    15. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v \cdot \left(e \cdot \left(1 - e \cdot \cos v\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(e \cdot \cos v\right) \cdot \left(e \cdot \cos v\right)\right)\right) + 1}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin v \cdot \left(e \cdot \left(1 - e \cdot \cos v\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(v + v\right), -e \cdot e, 1\right)}} \]
  5. Final simplification99.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v \cdot \left(e \cdot \left(1 - e \cdot \cos v\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(v + v\right), e \cdot \left(-e\right), 1\right)} \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.7% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ e \cdot \left(\frac{\sin v}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(v + v\right), 0.5\right), e \cdot e, -1\right)} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(e, \cos v, -1\right)\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (e v)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  e
  (*
   (/ (sin v) (fma (fma 0.5 (cos (+ v v)) 0.5) (* e e) -1.0))
   (fma e (cos v) -1.0))))
double code(double e, double v) {
	return e * ((sin(v) / fma(fma(0.5, cos((v + v)), 0.5), (e * e), -1.0)) * fma(e, cos(v), -1.0));
}
function code(e, v)
	return Float64(e * Float64(Float64(sin(v) / fma(fma(0.5, cos(Float64(v + v)), 0.5), Float64(e * e), -1.0)) * fma(e, cos(v), -1.0)))
end
code[e_, v_] := N[(e * N[(N[(N[Sin[v], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(v + v), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[(e * e), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(e * N[Cos[v], $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
e \cdot \left(\frac{\sin v}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(v + v\right), 0.5\right), e \cdot e, -1\right)} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(e, \cos v, -1\right)\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v}} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{e \cdot \sin v}}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \]
    3. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e \cdot \frac{\sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \cdot e} \]
    5. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \cdot e} \]
    6. lower-/.f6499.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v}} \cdot e \]
    7. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v}{\color{blue}{1 + e \cdot \cos v}} \cdot e \]
    8. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v}{\color{blue}{e \cdot \cos v + 1}} \cdot e \]
    9. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v}{\color{blue}{e \cdot \cos v} + 1} \cdot e \]
    10. lower-fma.f6499.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(e, \cos v, 1\right)}} \cdot e \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin v}{\mathsf{fma}\left(e, \cos v, 1\right)} \cdot e} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin v}{\mathsf{fma}\left(e, \cos v, 1\right)}} \cdot e \]
    2. lift-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v}{\color{blue}{e \cdot \cos v + 1}} \cdot e \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v}{\color{blue}{e \cdot \cos v} + 1} \cdot e \]
    4. flip-+N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(e \cdot \cos v\right) \cdot \left(e \cdot \cos v\right) - 1 \cdot 1}{e \cdot \cos v - 1}}} \cdot e \]
    5. associate-/r/N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sin v}{\left(e \cdot \cos v\right) \cdot \left(e \cdot \cos v\right) - 1 \cdot 1} \cdot \left(e \cdot \cos v - 1\right)\right)} \cdot e \]
    6. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sin v}{\left(e \cdot \cos v\right) \cdot \left(e \cdot \cos v\right) - 1 \cdot 1} \cdot \left(e \cdot \cos v - 1\right)\right)} \cdot e \]
  6. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sin v}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(v + v\right), 0.5\right), e \cdot e, -1\right)} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(e, \cos v, -1\right)\right)} \cdot e \]
  7. Final simplification99.8%

    \[\leadsto e \cdot \left(\frac{\sin v}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \cos \left(v + v\right), 0.5\right), e \cdot e, -1\right)} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(e, \cos v, -1\right)\right) \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 99.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ e \cdot \frac{\sin v}{\mathsf{fma}\left(e, \cos v, 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (e v) :precision binary64 (* e (/ (sin v) (fma e (cos v) 1.0))))
double code(double e, double v) {
	return e * (sin(v) / fma(e, cos(v), 1.0));
}
function code(e, v)
	return Float64(e * Float64(sin(v) / fma(e, cos(v), 1.0)))
end
code[e_, v_] := N[(e * N[(N[Sin[v], $MachinePrecision] / N[(e * N[Cos[v], $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
e \cdot \frac{\sin v}{\mathsf{fma}\left(e, \cos v, 1\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v}} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{e \cdot \sin v}}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \]
    3. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e \cdot \frac{\sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \cdot e} \]
    5. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \cdot e} \]
    6. lower-/.f6499.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v}} \cdot e \]
    7. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v}{\color{blue}{1 + e \cdot \cos v}} \cdot e \]
    8. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v}{\color{blue}{e \cdot \cos v + 1}} \cdot e \]
    9. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v}{\color{blue}{e \cdot \cos v} + 1} \cdot e \]
    10. lower-fma.f6499.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(e, \cos v, 1\right)}} \cdot e \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin v}{\mathsf{fma}\left(e, \cos v, 1\right)} \cdot e} \]
  5. Final simplification99.8%

    \[\leadsto e \cdot \frac{\sin v}{\mathsf{fma}\left(e, \cos v, 1\right)} \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 98.8% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\sin v \cdot e}{e + 1} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (e v) :precision binary64 (/ (* (sin v) e) (+ e 1.0)))
double code(double e, double v) {
	return (sin(v) * e) / (e + 1.0);
}
real(8) function code(e, v)
    real(8), intent (in) :: e
    real(8), intent (in) :: v
    code = (sin(v) * e) / (e + 1.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double e, double v) {
	return (Math.sin(v) * e) / (e + 1.0);
}
def code(e, v):
	return (math.sin(v) * e) / (e + 1.0)
function code(e, v)
	return Float64(Float64(sin(v) * e) / Float64(e + 1.0))
end
function tmp = code(e, v)
	tmp = (sin(v) * e) / (e + 1.0);
end
code[e_, v_] := N[(N[(N[Sin[v], $MachinePrecision] * e), $MachinePrecision] / N[(e + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\sin v \cdot e}{e + 1}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{e \cdot \sin v}{\color{blue}{1 + e}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-+.f6499.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{e \cdot \sin v}{\color{blue}{1 + e}} \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{e \cdot \sin v}{\color{blue}{1 + e}} \]
  6. Final simplification99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v \cdot e}{e + 1} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 98.8% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ e \cdot \frac{\sin v}{e + 1} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (e v) :precision binary64 (* e (/ (sin v) (+ e 1.0))))
double code(double e, double v) {
	return e * (sin(v) / (e + 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(e, v)
    real(8), intent (in) :: e
    real(8), intent (in) :: v
    code = e * (sin(v) / (e + 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double e, double v) {
	return e * (Math.sin(v) / (e + 1.0));
}
def code(e, v):
	return e * (math.sin(v) / (e + 1.0))
function code(e, v)
	return Float64(e * Float64(sin(v) / Float64(e + 1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(e, v)
	tmp = e * (sin(v) / (e + 1.0));
end
code[e_, v_] := N[(e * N[(N[Sin[v], $MachinePrecision] / N[(e + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
e \cdot \frac{\sin v}{e + 1}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v}} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{e \cdot \sin v}}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \]
    3. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e \cdot \frac{\sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \cdot e} \]
    5. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \cdot e} \]
    6. lower-/.f6499.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v}} \cdot e \]
    7. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v}{\color{blue}{1 + e \cdot \cos v}} \cdot e \]
    8. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v}{\color{blue}{e \cdot \cos v + 1}} \cdot e \]
    9. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v}{\color{blue}{e \cdot \cos v} + 1} \cdot e \]
    10. lower-fma.f6499.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(e, \cos v, 1\right)}} \cdot e \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin v}{\mathsf{fma}\left(e, \cos v, 1\right)} \cdot e} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v}{\color{blue}{1 + e}} \cdot e \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v}{\color{blue}{e + 1}} \cdot e \]
    2. lower-+.f6499.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v}{\color{blue}{e + 1}} \cdot e \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\sin v}{\color{blue}{e + 1}} \cdot e \]
  8. Final simplification99.5%

    \[\leadsto e \cdot \frac{\sin v}{e + 1} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 97.8% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sin v \cdot e \end{array} \]
(FPCore (e v) :precision binary64 (* (sin v) e))
double code(double e, double v) {
	return sin(v) * e;
}
real(8) function code(e, v)
    real(8), intent (in) :: e
    real(8), intent (in) :: v
    code = sin(v) * e
end function
public static double code(double e, double v) {
	return Math.sin(v) * e;
}
def code(e, v):
	return math.sin(v) * e
function code(e, v)
	return Float64(sin(v) * e)
end
function tmp = code(e, v)
	tmp = sin(v) * e;
end
code[e_, v_] := N[(N[Sin[v], $MachinePrecision] * e), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sin v \cdot e
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in e around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e \cdot \sin v} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e \cdot \sin v} \]
    2. lower-sin.f6498.1

      \[\leadsto e \cdot \color{blue}{\sin v} \]
  5. Applied rewrites98.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e \cdot \sin v} \]
  6. Final simplification98.1%

    \[\leadsto \sin v \cdot e \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 51.8% accurate, 3.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{v \cdot e}{1 + \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, \mathsf{fma}\left(e, -0.5, \left(e \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -0.001388888888888889, 0.041666666666666664\right)\right), e\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (e v)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (* v e)
  (+
   1.0
   (fma
    (* v v)
    (fma
     e
     -0.5
     (*
      (* e (* v v))
      (fma (* v v) -0.001388888888888889 0.041666666666666664)))
    e))))
double code(double e, double v) {
	return (v * e) / (1.0 + fma((v * v), fma(e, -0.5, ((e * (v * v)) * fma((v * v), -0.001388888888888889, 0.041666666666666664))), e));
}
function code(e, v)
	return Float64(Float64(v * e) / Float64(1.0 + fma(Float64(v * v), fma(e, -0.5, Float64(Float64(e * Float64(v * v)) * fma(Float64(v * v), -0.001388888888888889, 0.041666666666666664))), e)))
end
code[e_, v_] := N[(N[(v * e), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] * N[(e * -0.5 + N[(N[(e * N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(v * v), $MachinePrecision] * -0.001388888888888889 + 0.041666666666666664), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + e), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{v \cdot e}{1 + \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, \mathsf{fma}\left(e, -0.5, \left(e \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -0.001388888888888889, 0.041666666666666664\right)\right), e\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + \color{blue}{\left(e + {v}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot e + {v}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{720} \cdot \left(e \cdot {v}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{24} \cdot e\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + \color{blue}{\left({v}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot e + {v}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{720} \cdot \left(e \cdot {v}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{24} \cdot e\right)\right) + e\right)}} \]
    2. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({v}^{2}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot e + {v}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{720} \cdot \left(e \cdot {v}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{24} \cdot e\right), e\right)}} \]
  5. Applied rewrites59.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, \mathsf{fma}\left(e, -0.5, \left(e \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -0.001388888888888889, 0.041666666666666664\right)\right), e\right)}} \]
  6. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{e \cdot v}}{1 + \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, \mathsf{fma}\left(e, \frac{-1}{2}, \left(e \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, \frac{-1}{720}, \frac{1}{24}\right)\right), e\right)} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-*.f6455.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{e \cdot v}}{1 + \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, \mathsf{fma}\left(e, -0.5, \left(e \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -0.001388888888888889, 0.041666666666666664\right)\right), e\right)} \]
  8. Applied rewrites55.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{e \cdot v}}{1 + \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, \mathsf{fma}\left(e, -0.5, \left(e \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -0.001388888888888889, 0.041666666666666664\right)\right), e\right)} \]
  9. Final simplification55.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{v \cdot e}{1 + \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, \mathsf{fma}\left(e, -0.5, \left(e \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -0.001388888888888889, 0.041666666666666664\right)\right), e\right)} \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 50.9% accurate, 6.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{v \cdot e}{1 - e \cdot e} \cdot \left(1 - e\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (e v) :precision binary64 (* (/ (* v e) (- 1.0 (* e e))) (- 1.0 e)))
double code(double e, double v) {
	return ((v * e) / (1.0 - (e * e))) * (1.0 - e);
}
real(8) function code(e, v)
    real(8), intent (in) :: e
    real(8), intent (in) :: v
    code = ((v * e) / (1.0d0 - (e * e))) * (1.0d0 - e)
end function
public static double code(double e, double v) {
	return ((v * e) / (1.0 - (e * e))) * (1.0 - e);
}
def code(e, v):
	return ((v * e) / (1.0 - (e * e))) * (1.0 - e)
function code(e, v)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(v * e) / Float64(1.0 - Float64(e * e))) * Float64(1.0 - e))
end
function tmp = code(e, v)
	tmp = ((v * e) / (1.0 - (e * e))) * (1.0 - e);
end
code[e_, v_] := N[(N[(N[(v * e), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(e * e), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 - e), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{v \cdot e}{1 - e \cdot e} \cdot \left(1 - e\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e \cdot v}{1 + e}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{v \cdot e}}{1 + e} \]
    2. associate-*r/N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{v \cdot \frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
    3. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{v \cdot \frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
    4. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto v \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
    5. lower-+.f6454.8

      \[\leadsto v \cdot \frac{e}{\color{blue}{1 + e}} \]
  5. Applied rewrites54.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{v \cdot \frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites54.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{v \cdot e}{1 - e \cdot e} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 - e\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 9: 50.9% accurate, 11.3× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{v \cdot e}{e + 1} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (e v) :precision binary64 (/ (* v e) (+ e 1.0)))
    double code(double e, double v) {
    	return (v * e) / (e + 1.0);
    }
    
    real(8) function code(e, v)
        real(8), intent (in) :: e
        real(8), intent (in) :: v
        code = (v * e) / (e + 1.0d0)
    end function
    
    public static double code(double e, double v) {
    	return (v * e) / (e + 1.0);
    }
    
    def code(e, v):
    	return (v * e) / (e + 1.0)
    
    function code(e, v)
    	return Float64(Float64(v * e) / Float64(e + 1.0))
    end
    
    function tmp = code(e, v)
    	tmp = (v * e) / (e + 1.0);
    end
    
    code[e_, v_] := N[(N[(v * e), $MachinePrecision] / N[(e + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{v \cdot e}{e + 1}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e \cdot v}{1 + e}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{v \cdot e}}{1 + e} \]
      2. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{v \cdot \frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
      3. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{v \cdot \frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
      4. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto v \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
      5. lower-+.f6454.8

        \[\leadsto v \cdot \frac{e}{\color{blue}{1 + e}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites54.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{v \cdot \frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites54.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{v \cdot e}{\color{blue}{e + 1}} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 10: 50.9% accurate, 11.3× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ v \cdot \frac{e}{e + 1} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (e v) :precision binary64 (* v (/ e (+ e 1.0))))
      double code(double e, double v) {
      	return v * (e / (e + 1.0));
      }
      
      real(8) function code(e, v)
          real(8), intent (in) :: e
          real(8), intent (in) :: v
          code = v * (e / (e + 1.0d0))
      end function
      
      public static double code(double e, double v) {
      	return v * (e / (e + 1.0));
      }
      
      def code(e, v):
      	return v * (e / (e + 1.0))
      
      function code(e, v)
      	return Float64(v * Float64(e / Float64(e + 1.0)))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(e, v)
      	tmp = v * (e / (e + 1.0));
      end
      
      code[e_, v_] := N[(v * N[(e / N[(e + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      v \cdot \frac{e}{e + 1}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.8%

        \[\frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e \cdot v}{1 + e}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{v \cdot e}}{1 + e} \]
        2. associate-*r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{v \cdot \frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
        3. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{v \cdot \frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
        4. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto v \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
        5. lower-+.f6454.8

          \[\leadsto v \cdot \frac{e}{\color{blue}{1 + e}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites54.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{v \cdot \frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
      6. Final simplification54.8%

        \[\leadsto v \cdot \frac{e}{e + 1} \]
      7. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 11: 50.6% accurate, 11.3× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ e \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(e, v \cdot e - v, v\right) \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (e v) :precision binary64 (* e (fma e (- (* v e) v) v)))
      double code(double e, double v) {
      	return e * fma(e, ((v * e) - v), v);
      }
      
      function code(e, v)
      	return Float64(e * fma(e, Float64(Float64(v * e) - v), v))
      end
      
      code[e_, v_] := N[(e * N[(e * N[(N[(v * e), $MachinePrecision] - v), $MachinePrecision] + v), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      e \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(e, v \cdot e - v, v\right)
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.8%

        \[\frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e \cdot v}{1 + e}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{v \cdot e}}{1 + e} \]
        2. associate-*r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{v \cdot \frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
        3. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{v \cdot \frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
        4. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto v \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
        5. lower-+.f6454.8

          \[\leadsto v \cdot \frac{e}{\color{blue}{1 + e}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites54.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{v \cdot \frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in e around 0

        \[\leadsto e \cdot \color{blue}{\left(v + e \cdot \left(e \cdot v - v\right)\right)} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites54.5%

          \[\leadsto e \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(e, e \cdot v - v, v\right)} \]
        2. Final simplification54.5%

          \[\leadsto e \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(e, v \cdot e - v, v\right) \]
        3. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 12: 50.4% accurate, 16.1× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ e \cdot \left(v - v \cdot e\right) \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (e v) :precision binary64 (* e (- v (* v e))))
        double code(double e, double v) {
        	return e * (v - (v * e));
        }
        
        real(8) function code(e, v)
            real(8), intent (in) :: e
            real(8), intent (in) :: v
            code = e * (v - (v * e))
        end function
        
        public static double code(double e, double v) {
        	return e * (v - (v * e));
        }
        
        def code(e, v):
        	return e * (v - (v * e))
        
        function code(e, v)
        	return Float64(e * Float64(v - Float64(v * e)))
        end
        
        function tmp = code(e, v)
        	tmp = e * (v - (v * e));
        end
        
        code[e_, v_] := N[(e * N[(v - N[(v * e), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        e \cdot \left(v - v \cdot e\right)
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 99.8%

          \[\frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e \cdot v}{1 + e}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{v \cdot e}}{1 + e} \]
          2. associate-*r/N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{v \cdot \frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
          3. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{v \cdot \frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
          4. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto v \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
          5. lower-+.f6454.8

            \[\leadsto v \cdot \frac{e}{\color{blue}{1 + e}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites54.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{v \cdot \frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in e around 0

          \[\leadsto e \cdot \color{blue}{v} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites53.4%

            \[\leadsto e \cdot \color{blue}{v} \]
          2. Taylor expanded in e around 0

            \[\leadsto e \cdot \color{blue}{\left(v + -1 \cdot \left(e \cdot v\right)\right)} \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites54.2%

              \[\leadsto e \cdot \color{blue}{\left(v - e \cdot v\right)} \]
            2. Final simplification54.2%

              \[\leadsto e \cdot \left(v - v \cdot e\right) \]
            3. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 13: 49.9% accurate, 37.5× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ v \cdot e \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (e v) :precision binary64 (* v e))
            double code(double e, double v) {
            	return v * e;
            }
            
            real(8) function code(e, v)
                real(8), intent (in) :: e
                real(8), intent (in) :: v
                code = v * e
            end function
            
            public static double code(double e, double v) {
            	return v * e;
            }
            
            def code(e, v):
            	return v * e
            
            function code(e, v)
            	return Float64(v * e)
            end
            
            function tmp = code(e, v)
            	tmp = v * e;
            end
            
            code[e_, v_] := N[(v * e), $MachinePrecision]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            v \cdot e
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 99.8%

              \[\frac{e \cdot \sin v}{1 + e \cdot \cos v} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e \cdot v}{1 + e}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{v \cdot e}}{1 + e} \]
              2. associate-*r/N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{v \cdot \frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{v \cdot \frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
              4. lower-/.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto v \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
              5. lower-+.f6454.8

                \[\leadsto v \cdot \frac{e}{\color{blue}{1 + e}} \]
            5. Applied rewrites54.8%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{v \cdot \frac{e}{1 + e}} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in e around 0

              \[\leadsto e \cdot \color{blue}{v} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites53.4%

                \[\leadsto e \cdot \color{blue}{v} \]
              2. Final simplification53.4%

                \[\leadsto v \cdot e \]
              3. Add Preprocessing

              Reproduce

              ?
              herbie shell --seed 2024223 
              (FPCore (e v)
                :name "Trigonometry A"
                :precision binary64
                :pre (and (<= 0.0 e) (<= e 1.0))
                (/ (* e (sin v)) (+ 1.0 (* e (cos v)))))