
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 12 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
real(8), intent (in) :: a
real(8), intent (in) :: b
real(8), intent (in) :: c
code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c): return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c) return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a)) end
function tmp = code(a, b, c) tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a); end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (* b (* b b)))
(t_1 (fma a (* -3.0 c) (* b b)))
(t_2 (+ b (sqrt t_1)))
(t_3 (* c (* c c))))
(if (<= b 4.8)
(/ (- (/ t_1 t_2) (/ (* b b) t_2)) (* a 3.0))
(/
(fma
c
-0.5
(fma
(/ (* (* t_3 (* c 6.328125)) (* a (* a (* a a)))) (* a (* t_0 t_0)))
-0.16666666666666666
(/
(fma -0.375 (* a (* c c)) (/ (* t_3 (* (* a a) -0.5625)) (* b b)))
(* b b))))
b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = b * (b * b);
double t_1 = fma(a, (-3.0 * c), (b * b));
double t_2 = b + sqrt(t_1);
double t_3 = c * (c * c);
double tmp;
if (b <= 4.8) {
tmp = ((t_1 / t_2) - ((b * b) / t_2)) / (a * 3.0);
} else {
tmp = fma(c, -0.5, fma((((t_3 * (c * 6.328125)) * (a * (a * (a * a)))) / (a * (t_0 * t_0))), -0.16666666666666666, (fma(-0.375, (a * (c * c)), ((t_3 * ((a * a) * -0.5625)) / (b * b))) / (b * b)))) / b;
}
return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c) t_0 = Float64(b * Float64(b * b)) t_1 = fma(a, Float64(-3.0 * c), Float64(b * b)) t_2 = Float64(b + sqrt(t_1)) t_3 = Float64(c * Float64(c * c)) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= 4.8) tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(t_1 / t_2) - Float64(Float64(b * b) / t_2)) / Float64(a * 3.0)); else tmp = Float64(fma(c, -0.5, fma(Float64(Float64(Float64(t_3 * Float64(c * 6.328125)) * Float64(a * Float64(a * Float64(a * a)))) / Float64(a * Float64(t_0 * t_0))), -0.16666666666666666, Float64(fma(-0.375, Float64(a * Float64(c * c)), Float64(Float64(t_3 * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -0.5625)) / Float64(b * b))) / Float64(b * b)))) / b); end return tmp end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(a * N[(-3.0 * c), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(b + N[Sqrt[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(c * N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, 4.8], N[(N[(N[(t$95$1 / t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(c * -0.5 + N[(N[(N[(N[(t$95$3 * N[(c * 6.328125), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a * N[(a * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -0.16666666666666666 + N[(N[(-0.375 * N[(a * N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(t$95$3 * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5625), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := b \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(a, -3 \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)\\
t_2 := b + \sqrt{t\_1}\\
t_3 := c \cdot \left(c \cdot c\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq 4.8:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{t\_1}{t\_2} - \frac{b \cdot b}{t\_2}}{a \cdot 3}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(t\_3 \cdot \left(c \cdot 6.328125\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right)\right)}{a \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right)}, -0.16666666666666666, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.375, a \cdot \left(c \cdot c\right), \frac{t\_3 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625\right)}{b \cdot b}\right)}{b \cdot b}\right)\right)}{b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if b < 4.79999999999999982Initial program 84.2%
Applied rewrites84.6%
if 4.79999999999999982 < b Initial program 49.4%
Taylor expanded in b around inf
Applied rewrites93.6%
Applied rewrites93.7%
Applied rewrites93.7%
Taylor expanded in b around inf
Applied rewrites93.7%
Final simplification92.2%
(FPCore (a b c)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_0 (fma a (* -3.0 c) (* b b))) (t_1 (+ b (sqrt t_0))))
(if (<= b 5.6)
(/ (- (/ t_0 t_1) (/ (* b b) t_1)) (* a 3.0))
(/
(fma
c
-0.5
(/
(fma
(* (* c c) (* a (* a c)))
(/ -0.5625 (* b b))
(* a (* (* c c) -0.375)))
(* b b)))
b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
double t_0 = fma(a, (-3.0 * c), (b * b));
double t_1 = b + sqrt(t_0);
double tmp;
if (b <= 5.6) {
tmp = ((t_0 / t_1) - ((b * b) / t_1)) / (a * 3.0);
} else {
tmp = fma(c, -0.5, (fma(((c * c) * (a * (a * c))), (-0.5625 / (b * b)), (a * ((c * c) * -0.375))) / (b * b))) / b;
}
return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c) t_0 = fma(a, Float64(-3.0 * c), Float64(b * b)) t_1 = Float64(b + sqrt(t_0)) tmp = 0.0 if (b <= 5.6) tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 / t_1) - Float64(Float64(b * b) / t_1)) / Float64(a * 3.0)); else tmp = Float64(fma(c, -0.5, Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(c * c) * Float64(a * Float64(a * c))), Float64(-0.5625 / Float64(b * b)), Float64(a * Float64(Float64(c * c) * -0.375))) / Float64(b * b))) / b); end return tmp end
code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(a * N[(-3.0 * c), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(b + N[Sqrt[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, 5.6], N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(a * 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(c * -0.5 + N[(N[(N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-0.5625 / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a * N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] * -0.375), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(a, -3 \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)\\
t_1 := b + \sqrt{t\_0}\\
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq 5.6:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{t\_0}{t\_1} - \frac{b \cdot b}{t\_1}}{a \cdot 3}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c, -0.5, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right), \frac{-0.5625}{b \cdot b}, a \cdot \left(\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot -0.375\right)\right)}{b \cdot b}\right)}{b}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if b < 5.5999999999999996Initial program 80.0%
Applied rewrites80.7%
if 5.5999999999999996 < b Initial program 48.6%
Taylor expanded in b around inf
Applied rewrites94.1%
Applied rewrites94.1%
Taylor expanded in b around inf
Applied rewrites91.9%
Final simplification89.6%
herbie shell --seed 2024222
(FPCore (a b c)
:name "Cubic critical, narrow range"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (and (and (< 1.0536712127723509e-8 a) (< a 94906265.62425156)) (and (< 1.0536712127723509e-8 b) (< b 94906265.62425156))) (and (< 1.0536712127723509e-8 c) (< c 94906265.62425156)))
(/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))