Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 24.8% → 89.2%
Time: 30.8s
Alternatives: 5
Speedup: 1905.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((((2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) - pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	return (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale));
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * Math.PI;
	double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((((2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	return (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((Math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((Math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale));
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * math.pi
	t_1 = math.sin(t_0)
	t_2 = math.cos(t_0)
	t_3 = ((((2.0 * (math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale
	return (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale))
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(angle / 180.0) * pi)
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale)
	return Float64(Float64(t_3 * t_3) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * pi;
	t_1 = sin(t_0);
	t_2 = cos(t_0);
	t_3 = ((((2.0 * ((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	tmp = (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((((a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((((a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale));
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(t$95$3 * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 5 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 24.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * ((double) M_PI);
	double t_1 = sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((((2.0 * (pow(b, 2.0) - pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	return (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale));
}
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * Math.PI;
	double t_1 = Math.sin(t_0);
	double t_2 = Math.cos(t_0);
	double t_3 = ((((2.0 * (Math.pow(b, 2.0) - Math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	return (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((Math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((Math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + Math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale));
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * math.pi
	t_1 = math.sin(t_0)
	t_2 = math.cos(t_0)
	t_3 = ((((2.0 * (math.pow(b, 2.0) - math.pow(a, 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale
	return (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((math.pow((a * t_1), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_2), 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((math.pow((a * t_2), 2.0) + math.pow((b * t_1), 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale))
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(angle / 180.0) * pi)
	t_1 = sin(t_0)
	t_2 = cos(t_0)
	t_3 = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(2.0 * Float64((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale)
	return Float64(Float64(t_3 * t_3) - Float64(Float64(4.0 * Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(Float64((Float64(a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + (Float64(b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (angle / 180.0) * pi;
	t_1 = sin(t_0);
	t_2 = cos(t_0);
	t_3 = ((((2.0 * ((b ^ 2.0) - (a ^ 2.0))) * t_1) * t_2) / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	tmp = (t_3 * t_3) - ((4.0 * (((((a * t_1) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_2) ^ 2.0)) / x_45_scale) / x_45_scale)) * (((((a * t_2) ^ 2.0) + ((b * t_1) ^ 2.0)) / y_45_scale) / y_45_scale));
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(angle / 180.0), $MachinePrecision] * Pi), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[Sin[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[Cos[t$95$0], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(2.0 * N[(N[Power[b, 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[a, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(t$95$3 * t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(4.0 * N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(N[Power[N[(a * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[Power[N[(b * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 89.2% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(b \cdot -4\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (* (* (* b -4.0) (/ (* b a) (* x-scale y-scale))) (/ a (* x-scale y-scale))))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	return ((b * -4.0) * ((b * a) / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale))) * (a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
    code = ((b * (-4.0d0)) * ((b * a) / (x_45scale * y_45scale))) * (a / (x_45scale * y_45scale))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	return ((b * -4.0) * ((b * a) / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale))) * (a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale));
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	return ((b * -4.0) * ((b * a) / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale))) * (a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale))
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(b * -4.0) * Float64(Float64(b * a) / Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale))) * Float64(a / Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	tmp = ((b * -4.0) * ((b * a) / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale))) * (a / (x_45_scale * y_45_scale));
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(b * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\left(b \cdot -4\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 26.1%

    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    2. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    3. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}\right)}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    4. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    5. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    6. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {b}^{2}\right)} \cdot {a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    7. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b\right)}\right) \cdot {a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    8. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b\right)}\right) \cdot {a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    9. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    10. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    11. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    12. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot {y-scale}^{2}\right)}} \]
    13. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot {y-scale}^{2}\right)}} \]
    14. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot {y-scale}^{2}\right)}} \]
    15. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\right)} \]
    16. lower-*.f6455.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\right)} \]
  5. Applied rewrites55.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites65.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right)}{x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites83.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)\right)}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites90.5%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-4 \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a}}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \]
        2. Final simplification90.5%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(b \cdot -4\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \]
        3. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 2: 48.6% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 6.1 \cdot 10^{-195}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot -4\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
         :precision binary64
         (if (<= b 6.1e-195)
           0.0
           (*
            (* b -4.0)
            (* b (/ (* a a) (* x-scale (* x-scale (* y-scale y-scale))))))))
        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
        	double tmp;
        	if (b <= 6.1e-195) {
        		tmp = 0.0;
        	} else {
        		tmp = (b * -4.0) * (b * ((a * a) / (x_45_scale * (x_45_scale * (y_45_scale * y_45_scale)))));
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
            real(8), intent (in) :: a
            real(8), intent (in) :: b
            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
            real(8) :: tmp
            if (b <= 6.1d-195) then
                tmp = 0.0d0
            else
                tmp = (b * (-4.0d0)) * (b * ((a * a) / (x_45scale * (x_45scale * (y_45scale * y_45scale)))))
            end if
            code = tmp
        end function
        
        public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
        	double tmp;
        	if (b <= 6.1e-195) {
        		tmp = 0.0;
        	} else {
        		tmp = (b * -4.0) * (b * ((a * a) / (x_45_scale * (x_45_scale * (y_45_scale * y_45_scale)))));
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
        	tmp = 0
        	if b <= 6.1e-195:
        		tmp = 0.0
        	else:
        		tmp = (b * -4.0) * (b * ((a * a) / (x_45_scale * (x_45_scale * (y_45_scale * y_45_scale)))))
        	return tmp
        
        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (b <= 6.1e-195)
        		tmp = 0.0;
        	else
        		tmp = Float64(Float64(b * -4.0) * Float64(b * Float64(Float64(a * a) / Float64(x_45_scale * Float64(x_45_scale * Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale))))));
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
        	tmp = 0.0;
        	if (b <= 6.1e-195)
        		tmp = 0.0;
        	else
        		tmp = (b * -4.0) * (b * ((a * a) / (x_45_scale * (x_45_scale * (y_45_scale * y_45_scale)))));
        	end
        	tmp_2 = tmp;
        end
        
        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := If[LessEqual[b, 6.1e-195], 0.0, N[(N[(b * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x$45$scale * N[(x$45$scale * N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 6.1 \cdot 10^{-195}:\\
        \;\;\;\;0\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot -4\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}\right)\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if b < 6.1000000000000003e-195

          1. Initial program 27.5%

            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{angle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{8100} \cdot \frac{{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{32400} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{32400} \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{32400} \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{32400} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          4. Applied rewrites16.3%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(angle \cdot angle, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.0001234567901234568, \frac{\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}, -4 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(b, b \cdot \frac{\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5}, a \cdot a, 3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}, \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5}, b \cdot b, 3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5} \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right)\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}\right)\right), \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}\right)} \]
          5. Taylor expanded in b around 0

            \[\leadsto {angle}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{8100} \cdot \frac{{a}^{4} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{1}{8100} \cdot \frac{{a}^{4} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites27.4%

              \[\leadsto \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0} \]
            2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

              \[\leadsto 0 \]
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites35.0%

                \[\leadsto 0 \]

              if 6.1000000000000003e-195 < b

              1. Initial program 23.8%

                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. associate-*r/N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                2. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                3. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}\right)}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                4. associate-*r*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                5. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                6. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {b}^{2}\right)} \cdot {a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                7. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b\right)}\right) \cdot {a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                8. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b\right)}\right) \cdot {a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                9. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                10. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                11. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                12. associate-*l*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot {y-scale}^{2}\right)}} \]
                13. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot {y-scale}^{2}\right)}} \]
                14. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot {y-scale}^{2}\right)}} \]
                15. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\right)} \]
                16. lower-*.f6458.5

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\right)} \]
              5. Applied rewrites58.5%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}} \]
              6. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites70.4%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right)}{x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}} \]
                2. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites65.8%

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot b\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(b \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}\right)} \]
                3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                4. Final simplification47.0%

                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 6.1 \cdot 10^{-195}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot -4\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                5. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 3: 77.0% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(b \cdot -4\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}\right) \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                 :precision binary64
                 (* (* b -4.0) (* (* b a) (/ a (* x-scale (* y-scale (* x-scale y-scale)))))))
                double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                	return (b * -4.0) * ((b * a) * (a / (x_45_scale * (y_45_scale * (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)))));
                }
                
                real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: a
                    real(8), intent (in) :: b
                    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                    code = (b * (-4.0d0)) * ((b * a) * (a / (x_45scale * (y_45scale * (x_45scale * y_45scale)))))
                end function
                
                public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                	return (b * -4.0) * ((b * a) * (a / (x_45_scale * (y_45_scale * (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)))));
                }
                
                def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                	return (b * -4.0) * ((b * a) * (a / (x_45_scale * (y_45_scale * (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)))))
                
                function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                	return Float64(Float64(b * -4.0) * Float64(Float64(b * a) * Float64(a / Float64(x_45_scale * Float64(y_45_scale * Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale))))))
                end
                
                function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                	tmp = (b * -4.0) * ((b * a) * (a / (x_45_scale * (y_45_scale * (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)))));
                end
                
                code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(b * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(x$45$scale * N[(y$45$scale * N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \left(b \cdot -4\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}\right)
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Initial program 26.1%

                  \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. associate-*r/N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                  2. lower-/.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                  3. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}\right)}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                  4. associate-*r*N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                  5. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                  6. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {b}^{2}\right)} \cdot {a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                  7. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b\right)}\right) \cdot {a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                  8. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b\right)}\right) \cdot {a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                  9. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                  10. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                  11. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                  12. associate-*l*N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot {y-scale}^{2}\right)}} \]
                  13. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot {y-scale}^{2}\right)}} \]
                  14. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot {y-scale}^{2}\right)}} \]
                  15. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\right)} \]
                  16. lower-*.f6455.4

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\right)} \]
                5. Applied rewrites55.4%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}} \]
                6. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites65.8%

                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right)}{x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}} \]
                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites83.0%

                      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)\right)}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}} \]
                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites79.0%

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot b\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}\right)} \]
                      2. Final simplification79.0%

                        \[\leadsto \left(b \cdot -4\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}\right) \]
                      3. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 4: 66.1% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(b \cdot -4\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}\right) \end{array} \]
                      (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                       :precision binary64
                       (* (* b -4.0) (* b (/ (* a a) (* x-scale (* y-scale (* x-scale y-scale)))))))
                      double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                      	return (b * -4.0) * (b * ((a * a) / (x_45_scale * (y_45_scale * (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)))));
                      }
                      
                      real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: a
                          real(8), intent (in) :: b
                          real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                          code = (b * (-4.0d0)) * (b * ((a * a) / (x_45scale * (y_45scale * (x_45scale * y_45scale)))))
                      end function
                      
                      public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                      	return (b * -4.0) * (b * ((a * a) / (x_45_scale * (y_45_scale * (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)))));
                      }
                      
                      def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                      	return (b * -4.0) * (b * ((a * a) / (x_45_scale * (y_45_scale * (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)))))
                      
                      function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                      	return Float64(Float64(b * -4.0) * Float64(b * Float64(Float64(a * a) / Float64(x_45_scale * Float64(y_45_scale * Float64(x_45_scale * y_45_scale))))))
                      end
                      
                      function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                      	tmp = (b * -4.0) * (b * ((a * a) / (x_45_scale * (y_45_scale * (x_45_scale * y_45_scale)))));
                      end
                      
                      code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(b * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x$45$scale * N[(y$45$scale * N[(x$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                      
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      
                      \\
                      \left(b \cdot -4\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}\right)
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Initial program 26.1%

                        \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. associate-*r/N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                        2. lower-/.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                        3. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}\right)}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                        4. associate-*r*N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                        5. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {b}^{2}\right) \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                        6. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {b}^{2}\right)} \cdot {a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                        7. unpow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b\right)}\right) \cdot {a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                        8. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(b \cdot b\right)}\right) \cdot {a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                        9. unpow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                        10. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                        11. unpow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                        12. associate-*l*N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot {y-scale}^{2}\right)}} \]
                        13. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot {y-scale}^{2}\right)}} \]
                        14. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot {y-scale}^{2}\right)}} \]
                        15. unpow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\right)} \]
                        16. lower-*.f6455.4

                          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\right)} \]
                      5. Applied rewrites55.4%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}} \]
                      6. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites65.8%

                          \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right)}{x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}} \]
                        2. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites83.0%

                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)\right)}{x-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}} \]
                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites69.4%

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot b\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(b \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}\right)} \]
                            2. Final simplification69.4%

                              \[\leadsto \left(b \cdot -4\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}\right) \]
                            3. Add Preprocessing

                            Alternative 5: 35.7% accurate, 1905.0× speedup?

                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0 \end{array} \]
                            (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale) :precision binary64 0.0)
                            double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                            	return 0.0;
                            }
                            
                            real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                code = 0.0d0
                            end function
                            
                            public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                            	return 0.0;
                            }
                            
                            def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                            	return 0.0
                            
                            function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                            	return 0.0
                            end
                            
                            function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                            	tmp = 0.0;
                            end
                            
                            code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := 0.0
                            
                            \begin{array}{l}
                            
                            \\
                            0
                            \end{array}
                            
                            Derivation
                            1. Initial program 26.1%

                              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \pi\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{angle}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{8100} \cdot \frac{{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{32400} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{32400} \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{32400} \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{32400} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                            4. Applied rewrites15.0%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(angle \cdot angle, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.0001234567901234568, \frac{\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\pi \cdot \pi\right)\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}, -4 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(b, b \cdot \frac{\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5}, a \cdot a, 3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}, \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\left(\pi \cdot \pi\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5}, b \cdot b, 3.08641975308642 \cdot 10^{-5} \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right)\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}\right)\right), \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)\right)}\right)} \]
                            5. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                              \[\leadsto {angle}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{8100} \cdot \frac{{a}^{4} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{1}{8100} \cdot \frac{{a}^{4} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites25.2%

                                \[\leadsto \left(angle \cdot angle\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0} \]
                              2. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                \[\leadsto 0 \]
                              3. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites35.2%

                                  \[\leadsto 0 \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing

                                Reproduce

                                ?
                                herbie shell --seed 2024221 
                                (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                  :name "Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse"
                                  :precision binary64
                                  (- (* (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) x-scale) y-scale) (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) x-scale) y-scale)) (* (* 4.0 (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale)) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) PI))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))))